Excerpt ‖ Zhang Aimin
1. "Id, ego and superego" originated from Freud's theory.
Freud believed that personality consists of id, ego and superego.
Id is the original self, which refers to the original self, including the basic desires, impulses and vitality needed for survival. The "ID" comes from human instinct, which is characterized by pursuing the satisfaction of various personal desires and the realization of personal interests in social life. Id is a kind of biological instinct of human beings, only knowing happiness and blind activities.
Self is a part of human reason. It is often between the realistic requirements of social life, the moral pursuit of superego and the interest pursuit of id. It is the decision-maker of the individual's final behavior, sometimes managing the ID and sometimes obeying the superego. Only you know the purpose and direction of the activity.
"superego" comes from social culture, which is a variety of cultural beliefs that individuals internalize into their own values during their growth experience. Among them, morality and belief are the main contents, and superego is a social moral principle that people internalize. These social, cultural and moral beliefs often require individuals to obey the whole at the expense of individuals, and even require individual behavior to be completely moralized, thus opposing the ID.
2. "Subject and object" originated from Meade's thought.
In layman's terms, "subject-self" is the true self, while "guest-self" refers to the self in one's own evaluation or the self in others' evaluation.
Meade explained the concepts of "subject self" and "object self" as follows: "subject self is the response of organism to the attitude of others; Kewo' is the attitude of a group of organized others towards a person.
3. "I in the mirror" is a basic concept put forward by Cooley, one of the representatives of American social psychology school, which is used to explain the formation process of self-concept.
Cooley believes that human behavior depends largely on self-awareness, which is mainly formed through social interaction with others. Others' evaluation and attitude towards themselves is a "mirror" that reflects themselves. Individuals know and grasp themselves through this "mirror", that is, "I in the mirror".
Extended data:
The superego is the highest state of life. In the process of individual accepting and choosing objects, the growth of individual self is its basic feature. There is a great imbalance between the early individual and the object: the individual is small and the object is big, the individual is weak and the object is strong, the individual is limited and the object is infinite, and so on. This forms the differences, asymmetries and contradictions between them.
But later, with the accumulation of the individual-object relationship in the individual self, the individual began to grow, and the relationship between the individual and the object gradually became equal, peaceful, harmonious and consistent. This change of the individual's position in the object relationship is the essence of the object relationship.
Ego is a contradiction. After boarding himself inside the individual, he was caught in the crossfire of contradictions. He is influenced by his origin-all his objects, and he is the spokesman of these objects; He is also influenced by his carrier, his destiny, and he is the spokesman of his carrier, the individual.
This contradiction of self makes him constantly reconcile the two and constantly generate a "new self". Because the object is endless, so is "I", always changing myself with the enrichment of new content.
Obviously, the wider the object relationship of the individual, the wider the extension of the individual self. If acceptance is endless, so is self-extension.
So far, the group is the advanced object of the individual. As the object relationship of the individual in the advanced stage, the group to which the individual belongs is the realistic relationship of the individual.
The interaction between each individual in the group is carried out through his own self, and the individual self accepts each other in the interaction, thus strengthening himself.
In this way, the result of communication forms a universal self among individuals, and it is this universal self that supports the continuation and development of the group. In the subsequent relationship between the individual and the group, the lowest threshold for the individual to enter the group is that the individual's self has reached the universal "I" of the group, and the self below the requirements of the group is not accepted by the group.
Thus, the individual self-the self recognized by the group-becomes a platform for dialogue between the individual and the group, and the individual self rises to the universal self unified with the group.
In the group's acceptance and choice of the object, the individual's self keeps growing. When his acceptance is greater than the universal object of the group, the individual's self transcends the universal self of the current group and he rises to the superego.