The first step of IVF: ovulation induction
Women's eggs are like rare treasures, and only one ovary can be discharged in a month. Because not every egg can combine with sperm and not every fertilized egg can form an embryo, in order to improve the pregnancy rate, it is necessary to treat women in advance to promote the synchronous growth of multiple follicles and take out multiple high-quality eggs at one time.
The doctor will ask you to start using ovulation induction drugs on the second day of your menstrual cycle. Doctors judge the growth of follicles according to the results of ultrasonic monitoring and serum hormone determination, and decide whether it is necessary to adjust the dose of ovulation induction drugs. When the follicle matures, HCG is injected to promote the final maturation of the egg. Eggs are usually taken 36-38 hours after HCG injection.
There are many schemes to promote ovulation, including long scheme, short scheme and micro-stimulation scheme. The most commonly used scheme is the long scheme. Long-term plan only starts the ovulation induction injection in the first cycle of luteal phase, mainly for young women with good ovarian reserve function, and the probability of taking out multiple eggs is the highest; The short-term plan is suitable for elderly women with few follicles and poor quality. The second day of menstruation can be treated with ovulation induction needle, which takes a short time, but the number of eggs is small.
The second process of IVF: taking eggs and sperm;
A slender special egg taking needle is fixed on the B-ultrasound probe. Under the detection of B-ultrasound, the doctor used an ovum taking needle to enter the ovary from the vagina, punctured mature follicles, and took out follicular fluid, which flowed into each test tube in turn along the thin tube of the ovum taking needle to complete ovum taking. In some countries or regions, egg retrieval is usually carried out under intravenous anesthesia, so the test-tube mother will not feel the pain caused by puncture. )
At the same time, taking sperm from men is also carried out under intravenous anesthesia, and patients will not feel any pain, which usually ends in ten minutes.
The third process of IVF: in vitro fertilization
After sperm and eggs are taken out, sperm should be cleaned specially first, because semen may carry syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV and other viruses, so it is necessary to separate sperm from semen. After that, sperm and eggs are put into artificially controlled culture medium, which can be naturally combined or artificially injected into egg cells.
The fourth process of IVF: embryo transfer
After the fertilized egg forms an embryo in the culture medium, in a few days, the doctor will transplant the embryo into the mother's uterus through the cervix with an embryo transfer catheter. Generally speaking, only about 2 embryos can be transplanted at a time. The more embryos, the higher the risk of multiple pregnancy rate, and the more likely it is to pose a threat to the health of mother and baby.
Because the embryo transfer tube is very thin and the doctor moves lightly, patients usually don't have any pain. Then there are some later auxiliary tire stabilization.
Determination of pregnancy: Serum HCG was measured 14 days after embryo transfer to determine whether pregnant or not. Serum HCG was measured again 2 1 day after embryo transfer to understand the embryo development. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed 30 days after embryo transfer to determine whether there was intrauterine pregnancy and fetal heart beat.
Is IVF better than the next generation?
At present, test-tube babies are divided into the first generation, the second generation and the third generation, and the development of the third generation test-tube technology tends to be mature. Is the third generation stronger than the second generation, and the second generation is stronger than the first generation? The answer is no again.
The first generation of IVF, also known as in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF), belongs to conventional IVF technology.
The second generation of IVF is also called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
The third generation IVF is also called preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) or preimplantation genetic screening (PGS).
* * * Similarities among the three:
The third generation of IVF includes ovulation induction, egg retrieval, in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, corpus luteum support, pregnancy confirmation and other steps.
The difference between the three:
The difference between the first generation and the second generation lies in the way of fertilization. The in vitro fertilization of the first generation of IVF belongs to natural combination, without any means, while the second generation of IVF injects sperm into egg cells with a microscope, which belongs to artificial injection.
The difference between the third generation and the other two generations lies in embryo transfer. In the third generation, the step of detecting embryo genetic material before embryo transfer was added to eliminate embryos with chromosome diseases and select healthy embryos for implantation in uterus.
Matters needing attention after IVF transplantation
1, pay attention to the adjustment of diet
After a healthy fertilized embryo is successfully transplanted into the mother's uterus, women have strict dietary requirements and cannot eat whatever they want like normal naturally pregnant women. The diet is mainly light and nutritious, and there can be no bad eating habits such as hungry meals and full meals. In particular, do not touch tobacco, alcohol, coffee and other foods that are not conducive to the healthy development of the fetus. It is best to eat less or not to eat spicy food and fried food, which has some influence on the healthy development of the fetus. There are things like raw cold, and it is best not to eat or eat less to ensure the healthy growth and development of the fetus.
2, pay attention to rest more.
Women should not be too active within 48 hours after transplantation. It is best to lie flat and rest, get up slowly, drink more water, watch less or no TV, and don't play mobile phones and computers. Exercise lightly every day, don't be too tired, especially the fatigue of big movements, and develop good sleep and eating habits. You need an injection in the first week, preferably on-site service and as little as possible at home.
3. Keep a happy mood.
For every woman who needs to be a test-tube baby, they have certain psychological pressure, and they are even more worried after the successful transplantation. If they can't achieve emotional stability, it will have a great impact on healthy pregnancy. Therefore, women must be strong, believe in themselves, encourage themselves, have confidence in themselves and keep a happy mood. You can take a walk outdoors, listen to music, read some encouraging books, and relax your mind as much as possible, so as to improve the implantation rate of the fetus and successfully conceive and give birth. Bad emotions will directly affect the implantation and healthy development of embryos, resulting in unexpected situations and unnecessary consequences.
4. Pay attention to proper exercise and rest.
In the first few days after successful transplantation, women should rest at home, and after one week, women can do appropriate activities, which will help women's emotional health. Sports such as walking and listening to music not only help people's health, but also help them relax. It is best to walk with your family or husband for half an hour every day, and then read books and listen to music. Yoga for pregnant women is best to wait until three months later. The first three months are the most dangerous three months, so it is helpful to improve the success rate of IVF to avoid large-scale movements as much as possible.
Infertile couples will definitely not choose to be IVF until the last step, so we must first clearly rule out the factors that may lead to infertility. If it is not cured for a long time, we should consider IVF. Everything is discussed by two people. I hope all couples who want babies can get what they want!