Prosperous sui dynasty
1 and 58 1 years, Emperor Wendi, the consort of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, seized power and established the Sui Dynasty, with Chang 'an as its capital. In 589, the Sui Dynasty wiped out the last Wang Chaochen of the Southern Dynasties and reunified the North and the South.
2. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the economy of Sui Dynasty was prosperous, and many big warehouse for storing grain and cloth were established in Chang 'an and Luoyang.
3. During the reign of Yang Di, a Grand Canal running through the north and south was dug. The purpose of excavation is to strengthen the north-south traffic and consolidate the rule of the Sui Dynasty over the whole country. The Grand Canal, with Luoyang as the center, reaches Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers. This is the longest canal in the ancient world. The opening of the Grand Canal has promoted economic exchanges between the North and the South and consolidated the situation of national reunification.
Lesson 2 The Rule of Chastity
1, Sui Dynasty is very similar to Qin Dynasty, with only two emperors. In the later period of Yang Di's rule, the second emperor exercised tyranny, which eventually led to the peasant uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty and the collapse of the Sui Dynasty. Sui dynasty: 58 1~6 18.
In 2.6 18, Tang Dynasty was established by Li Yuan, with Chang 'an as its capital and Tang Gaozu as Li Yuan.
3. After Tang Gaozu abdicated, he was transferred to Li Shimin, namely Taizong, with the title of Zhenguan. During his reign, he took many rectification measures to make the politics of the Tang Dynasty clearer. With the rapid economic development, the national strength has gradually become stronger. Historically, the rule at that time was called "the rule of Zhenguan". The measures taken by Emperor Taizong include: ① attaching great importance to drawing lessons from the demise of the Sui Dynasty and understanding that rulers should not oppress farmers excessively; (2) Pay attention to the development of production and ignore taxation; ③ Pay attention to "abstinence from luxury and simplicity"; (4) Rectify official management; ⑤ Appoint talented people and accept guidance with an open mind.
4. The term "palace affairs" refers to two prime ministers who were reused in the period of Emperor Taizong: Fang and Du Ruhui. At that time, the most famous remonstrator was Wei Zhi, and Emperor Taizong compared him to a mirror that "can know gains and losses".
Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in the history of China. She changed the title of the Tang Dynasty to Zhou, and continued to carry out the policy of developing agriculture and selecting talents during her reign, which further developed the social economy and enhanced the national strength of the Tang Dynasty. People call her rule "starting from politics and governing macro-chastity".
6, the boat is not only a gentleman, water is not only Li Shu, water can carry a boat, but also can overturn it. -Emperor Taizong
The meaning of this sentence is: the ruler is like a ship, and the people are water; Water can make a ship sail on water and also capsize it. This sentence shows the power of the people.
Lesson 3 Kaiyuan Shi Sheng
1. In the early days of Tang Xuanzong's reign, the politics was clear and the economy was unprecedentedly prosperous. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, which was called "the prosperous time of Kaiyuan" in history.
2. The similarities between the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Emperor Taizong are: being good at appointing virtuous officials, attaching importance to local bureaucrats, attaching importance to agricultural production and advocating frugality.
3. The economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty is manifested in: (1) agriculture: (1) developed water conservancy; (2) the progress of farming techniques and methods; (3) the emergence of new plant varieties (including new vegetable varieties and tea. In the Tang Dynasty, the wind of drinking tea prevailed all over the country, and Jiangnan became an important producing area for growing rice and tea. (4) Improvement of production tools-Qu Yuan plough and truck. (2) Handicraft industry: ① Silk weaving industry is developed; ② The ceramic industry is developed (Yueyao celadon, Yao Xing white porcelain and Tang Sancai are the most famous). (3) Commerce: Commerce is prosperous, and metropolises include Chang 'an, Luoyang, Guangzhou and Yangzhou. Chang 'an was not only a national exchange center at that time, but also an international metropolis.
The fourth lesson is the establishment of the imperial examination system
1, the emergence of the imperial examination system: ① Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty began to select officials by means of sub-disciplinary examinations; (2) Yang Di established the imperial examination system, and the imperial examination system was born.
2. Perfection of the imperial examination system: ① Emperor Taizong greatly expanded the scale of Chinese studies; ② Wu Zetian initiated the imperial examination and martial arts; ③ Tang Xuanzong took poetry and fu as the main content of Jinshi.
3. The influence of imperial examination system on Sui and Tang Dynasties: ① improved the employment system; ② promoted the development of education; ③ promoted the development of literature and art..
Lesson 5 Being a Family
1, Tubo people are the ancestors of Tibetans. At the beginning of the 7th century, the outstanding Tubo Songzanganbu unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and made its capital more logical.
2. Emperor Taizong married Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu. Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges between Tang and Tibet, and enhanced the friendly relations between China and Tibet. At the beginning of the 8th century, Tang married Princess Jincheng to Tubo. Tubo Zanpu wrote to the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and Tubo and the Tang Dynasty have been "harmonious as one family".
3. Uyghur is the ancestor of Uyghur, and its leader was named Huairen Khan by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, and later changed its name to Uyghur.
At the end of 4.7, a branch of Mohe clan unified ministries and established political power. Later, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty founded the country there, with its leader as the commander in chief, and sealed the king of Bohai County.
5. Liu Zhao residents are the ancestors of Yi and Bai. Later, Nanzhao unified six imperial edicts, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named its leader King of Yunnan.
6. Why was Emperor Taizong respected by all ethnic minorities?
A: His enlightened minority policy has won the support of people of all ethnic groups, regardless of rank or rank.
Lesson 6 Friendly Exchange with Foreign Countries
1. The Tang Dynasty enjoyed a high reputation in the world, and all countries called China "the Tang people".
2. "Tianzhu" refers to the Indian Peninsula today; "Big food" refers to today's Arabian Peninsula; "Persia" refers to Iran today.
During Sui and Tang Dynasties, China and Japan had frequent exchanges. In order to learn the advanced culture of the Tang Dynasty, the Japanese sent many envoys to China. These envoys are called "envoys of the Tang Dynasty".
4. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen, a monk, traveled to Japan for ten years and tirelessly spread the culture of the Tang Dynasty, making great contributions to the friendship and cultural exchanges between China and Japan.
5. Countries on the Korean Peninsula had frequent contacts with the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After Silla flourished, the world and a large number of international students were sent to study China culture in the Tang Dynasty.
6. During the Tang Dynasty, China had frequent contacts with Tianzhu, and Xuanzang, a monk, went west to learn from the scriptures, and wrote The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang.
Lesson 7 Brilliant Sui and Tang Culture (1)
1. Zhao Zhouqiao, designed and built by Li Chun, an outstanding craftsman in Sui Dynasty, is the oldest stone arch bridge in the world.
2. Printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. The Diamond Sutra, printed in the Tang Dynasty, is the earliest block-printed edition with exact date in the world.
3. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of China's poetry creation. The poets with the highest achievement and greatest influence are Li Bai (Poet Immortal), Du Fu (Poet Saint) and Bai Juyi. Li Bai's poems and songs are rich in imagination, beautiful in artistic conception and light in language, so he is called a poet. Du Fu's poems were deeply reflected by later generations and called "the history of poetry". His representative works include Three Officials and Three Farewells, which are called "Poets". Bai Juyi lived in the middle Tang Dynasty and advocated that poetry should reflect real life more and achieve educational purposes. Qin Zhongyin and New Yuefu satirize the society and sympathize with the people, which are the representative works of this kind of poetry.
Lesson 8 Brilliant Sui and Tang Culture (2)
1. There were many famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty, the most famous of which were Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan. After Wang Xizhi, the calligrapher with the highest achievement in the history of calligraphy in China is Yan Zhenqing, who created his masterpiece Yan Ti: Yan Family Temple Monument. Liu Gongquan created his own "Liu Style", and his masterpiece is Mysterious Tower Monument. Later generations called them "Yan Gu".
2. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the art of painting was highly developed, and a large number of figure paintings, landscape paintings and flower-and-bird paintings appeared. Yan and Wu Daozi had a great influence in the Tang Dynasty. Yan is good at drawing characters' stories, and his representative works include "Statues of Emperors in Past Dynasties" and "Travel Map". Wu Daozi pioneered the freehand brushwork and was called "the sage of painting" by later generations. His masterpiece is Born of Gautama Buddha.
3. Grottoes developed greatly in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the most famous of which is Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which is located in the west of Gansu Province today. There are a large number of exquisite color sculptures and murals, the main content of which is to promote Buddhism, which is one of the greatest artistic treasures in the world.
4. Music and dance in Sui and Tang Dynasties absorbed a large number of traditional music and dance from the western regions and neighboring countries and made innovations, showing the characteristics of a prosperous era. There are mainly Cai Yu and Qin Wang's broken array music.