Analysis of test questions: B No, it was in the Ming and Qing Dynasties that private handicrafts surpassed government-run handicrafts; C No, the materials reflect the private handicraft industry, and "being rich in general by cultivating its goods (Huo Guang)" means that the products are put on the market for profit, which is inconsistent with the government-run handicraft industry; D no, the government's encouragement can't be reflected in the topic.
Comments:
classify
trait
general situation
condition
achievement
Official handicraft industry
(1) The government operates directly, mainly in large workshops.
(2) The products are not circulated at any cost for the use of the emperor.
Government-run handicrafts are called developed.
Before the middle of Ming dynasty, handicraft industry was always dominant.
Copper smelting: Shang and Zhou dynasties: prosperity (such as Simu Wuding). )
Iron smelting: water drainage in the Eastern Han Dynasty; Steel casting method in the Southern and Northern Dynasties;
Porcelain making: celadon (Eastern Han Dynasty)-white porcelain (Northern Dynasty)-blue and white porcelain (Yuan Dynasty)-multicolored porcelain (Ming Dynasty)-enamel porcelain (Qing Dynasty)
In the Tang Dynasty, two systems were formed: South Blue and North White → In the Song Dynasty, China's porcelain-making skills shone brilliantly, and five famous kilns emerged. → Jingdezhen became the "porcelain capital" of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Silk weaving: ① China was the first country in the world to raise silkworms and silk weaving (four or five thousand years ago); ② Plain weave and twill jacquard weave appeared in Shang Dynasty; ③ During the Warring States Period, silk products such as brocade, silk, silk and yarn were produced in large quantities and of high quality. (4) After the opening of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, the export volume of silk increased sharply in the Han and Tang Dynasties (the silk technology in the Tang Dynasty was high, and Persian weaving methods and patterns were absorbed) (5) During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the silk weaving industry entered its heyday, with Suzhou and Hangzhou as the most famous silk weaving center. ⑥ After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the private silk weaving industry became increasingly prosperous, and exquisite silk products were woven with flower looms. Silk fabrics are exquisitely made, such as "cosmetic satin", and then a new variety, Jinbaodi, was added.
Folk handicraft industry
(1) is privately operated.
② Products are for private consumption.
Cotton Textile Technology in Huang Daopo in Yuan Dynasty
After the middle of Ming dynasty, it surpassed the official handicraft industry and occupied a dominant position.
In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, capitalism sprouted.
Household handicrafts
Products are used for tax payment and household consumption.
?
Farmers' sideline business
?