Since it is an investment, it needs a certain amount of investment. Sometimes, it needs a lot of investment, which seems a bit desperate. Once it reaches this level, it is no different from gambling, because it is an investment that does not leave you a way out. You can only succeed, but you are not allowed to fail. If you fail, you will lose your family, even your family. The "Tian Dai Qi" incident in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was a gambling investment by the Tian family in exchange for the status of monarch.
Qi was originally assigned to Jiang Ziya, the feudal city of Jiang Shangzhi, a hero of the Zhou Dynasty. He was the founding hero of Zhou Wuwang and made immortal contributions to the rise of the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wuwang was sealed in Yingqiu (Shandong Linzi North). It is the hometown of Bo Gu people and a huge anti-Zhou force. King Wu asked him to take care of the Bo Gu people here. His frontier is east to the seaside, west to the Yellow River, south to Muling (north of Yishui County, Shandong Province) and north to Wudi (Wudi, Shandong Province). It was also an important force for the Zhou royal family to control Dongyi, and King Zhou also granted him the power to conquer Hou Bo who disobeyed the royal family. Qi is a big country and occupies an important position among princes. By the time of Jiang, "nine governors rule the world" has become a recognized overlord, and it is very popular.
At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the hegemonic situation came to an end, and China gradually entered a new period, that is, the Warring States period when the Seven Chivalrous Men competed for hegemony. Originally, there were more than 100 vassal States in the early Spring and Autumn Period, but after continuous mergers, small countries were gradually eliminated. At the beginning of the Warring States, there were only about twenty countries, among which Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, Qi and Qin were the most powerful, and they were known as the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States". Yan, Chu and Qin were the old countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, while Han, Zhao and Wei were formed by dividing up Jin. At this time, Qi and Jiang's colleagues were also excluded and gradually controlled by Dr. Tian.
In the early Spring and Autumn Period, civil strife broke out in Chen State, and his son was appointed as Gong Zheng, which was the beginning of Chen Tian's foothold in Qi State. For a long time, the Tian family had a very close relationship with the Office of the Interior (in the Spring and Autumn Period, monarchs of various countries called it "Gong" or "Hou", so their families called it "Office of the Interior"). Later, due to the struggle of slaves and civilians in Qi against slave owners and public office, the collapse of the old system and the demise of public office became an inevitable trend. Tian adapted to the development of the situation and left the office. Tian Jia, who represents the emerging forces, pleaded for the people with "public office" by means of giving away human feelings. However, the old forces of Qi were unwilling to withdraw from the historical stage, and the new forces headed by Tian had to launch fierce attacks on the old forces by violent means, so three large-scale armed struggles appeared.
In 545 BC, the fourth descendant of Tianwan, together with Bao family, Luan family and Gao family, wiped out the Qing family in China. Later, Tian and Bao eliminated Luan and Senior Two. Tian continues to please the public and the people of China. He stipulated that those sons and gongsun, who were nobles, would be given some fiefs to maintain their lives if they did not have a fixed "Lu"; If there are poor and widowed China people, we should give them food, so as to gain the support of the public and China people.
In Qi Jinggong, the official position is corrupt and the exploitation is heavy. Tian's son took some effective measures to win the hearts of the people. He lent it out in a big barrel and recycled it in a small barrel, so "Qi Zhimin returned it like running water" and Tian expanded his power. This is the so-called "public abandonment of its people and return to the fields." Tian Nuo's son had a serious contradiction with Keiko and Gao Fa, nobles of Qi State. Guo and Gao were in power, and Tian, on the surface, devoted himself to Qi Huangong, who was a "faker, making the country high". Secretly organize forces to overthrow Guo and Gao Er. In 489 BC, after his death, Guo and Gao Er established Gongzi Tea as the monarch. Tian Ji staged a coup, which drove Guo and Senior Two away and made another son the monarch. Tian Ji stood on his own feet and took control of the Qi regime.
At the same time, Tian also implemented a set of policies of "mountains are like the city, no mountains, fish, salt, mussels and fish, no sea", which is a means of making small profits but quick turnover and earning wealth, resulting in "the people are rich." The wealth Tian gained from this provided a guarantee for him to engage in "giving more and receiving less". Sure enough, Tian's "unified thought" led a large number of people to flee to Tian's door. However, the "public office" recovered from the people has been gradually evacuated.
Investment is a risky behavior, in other words, it is almost a gambling behavior. The difference is that gambling is a kind of behavior with high risk and uncertain profit probability, while investment is an expected, purposeful and determined profit probability.
After Tian Ji's death, his son Tian Heng (Tian Chang) made Tian Ji as the phase. Tian Chengzi continued to carry out the policy formulated by Tian Nuozi, and won over the people with the method of "big fight, small fight". Tian secretly carried out the method of winning over the people and achieved good results. At that time, there was a popular folk Sang Song: "It was almost picked, and it belongs to Tian Chengzi." Tian's practice, if only to win the hearts of the people, and does not have a certain political and military strength, can only draw water with a sieve in the end. Therefore, this way of subsidizing ordinary people in small battles is to fight for money and accumulate political resources with their own money. This practice is a highly speculative gamble.
In 48 1 BC, Tian Chengzi launched an armed coup. With the support of the people, he defeated Qi's cronies by force, arrested him, fled and was later killed. Many powerful aristocrats were also eradicated in this struggle, and Tian established another one to further control the political power and slaughter the remaining old aristocratic forces. Later, he appointed Tian brothers and relatives to practice medicine and expanded his fief. Tian Chengzi's policy of "supporting the public" made the people desire and made the monarch of Qi a puppet. In 39 1 BC, Minister of State Tian He exiled Qi Kanggong to the sea, leaving only one city as his food city, and Tian He became the de facto monarch of Qi.
In 386 BC, Zhou Shi canonized Tian He as the Duke of Qi and officially listed him as a vassal. After a few years, Qi Kanggong died of illness, and his rule in Qi ended, and Qi was completely ruled by Tian. Historically, it was called "Tian's generation of Qi", because only the monarch changed his surname and the country name remained unchanged, so the State of Qi in the Warring States period was often called "Tian Qi". The game between Tian and Qi can be represented by the following matrix:
The number here is not the ratio, but the income value, and 6 is the maximum value, that is, as long as Tian inputs 1 income value, he will get the maximum income value of 6, where 6 represents the highest power of qi.
In the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, there were some historical phenomena, that is, at the end of the weakest emperor's rule, children or minor emperors ascended to the throne, while some powerful ministers from consorts or eunuchs controlled state affairs behind their backs like puppets and kept saying that they were emperors.
In fact, whether consorts or eunuchs, these powerful ministers rely on their special relationship with the emperor-nepotism, to dominate the political front desk. However, most of the powerful ministers just stay in the stage of controlling the political affairs and satisfying their personal power desires, and few people want to take their place and become emperors themselves. Because they know that once they step onto the front desk, they are no longer hidden tigers, but national thieves in the eyes of the public.
Speculators, no matter how powerful, are only in the actual dominant position under the behind-the-scenes command without nominal sovereignty or leadership; As a bargaining chip in their hands, imperial power, no matter how weak and ignorant, is also a nominal ruler. When the powerful minister in actual sovereignty controls the emperor in nominal sovereignty, he is in an offensive position and intends to make progress; And if they also have nominal sovereignty, they will take the defensive in order to safeguard their ruling name. However, for tigers, they do not have the conditions to defend themselves in the name of rule. Once the situation changes, the consequences are unimaginable.
Among the speculators in the past dynasties, it happened that some people wanted to challenge the law as a powerful minister and become the only thrill in the dragon chair. This man is Wang Mang, the concubine of the late Western Han Dynasty.
Wang Mang's family was a big family in the late Western Han Dynasty, and it was closely related to the imperial court from generation to generation. His aunt became a queen, then the emperor died, and his aunt became the empress dowager, occupying an important position in the DPRK. Seeing that his family was strong and his aunt had a backer in North Korea, Wang Mang wanted to rely on these forces to serve himself and become an emperor reigning in the world.
Wang Mang himself is a man who has read a lot of poems, so it is inevitable that he has some idealistic elements and is reckless in doing things, thinking that since his family has such strength, he will certainly succeed. This ignorance of advance and retreat led to his later failure.
With the help of his family, Wang Mang became a North Korean fu, and his position is already a very important person. But he just wanted to use his position to seek greater political capital until he usurped the throne. As it happens, the political situation at that time was very favorable to him. The emperor was incompetent, the ministers were corrupt, and the Qing Dynasty had no cohesion. He can expand his power and reverse the situation in the Han Dynasty.
The difference between the power minister as a speculator and the imperial power as a bet lies not only in strength and passive attitude, but also in name. Therefore, as a truly powerful speculator, we should avoid pursuing false reputation. Pseudonyms are taboo for powerful ministers. Cao Cao once said earnestly, "Don't be greedy for a false name and get into real trouble."
First, he chose a nine-year-old child as the emperor, and he gave orders as the assistant minister himself. Even his aunt, Empress Dowager, was deceived by him, thinking that he was a virtuous minister who devoted himself to the Han Dynasty. With the help of his own power, Wang Mang dismissed several ministers on the pretext of violating national laws. In fact, at that time, official corruption was a well-known phenomenon, and the so-called punishment for violating state laws was just an excuse for power struggle. In fact, didn't Wang Mang and his followers violate the national law? Under his fraud, many ministers were demoted, and some ministers were disheartened and resigned and went home. Wang Mang also claimed that through his own governance, the state laws and regulations were strict and officials were clean. At the same time, Wang Mang made a courteous gesture and won the reputation of "self-denial" for a while.
Next, Wang Mang assigned his men to forge strange elephants everywhere, offering various "auspicious" animals and rock plants one after another, and sending people to create Wang Mang's morality in society, which should be the public opinion of the emperor.
At this point, follwed is still behind the scenes, like a tiger ready to go, eyeing the throne of the emperor.
When the little emperor had the opportunity to establish a queen, he instructed the officials to choose a queen for the emperor. Excluding other women, leaving only her daughter as a candidate for the queen, without competitors. In this way, in addition to the minister of Fuzheng, Wang Mang also gained a heavy national identity. This provides more favorable conditions for him to usurp the throne, that is, even if the emperor comes of age, he can participate in the decision-making of state affairs as a monarch.
But one thing Wang Mang didn't count is that when the little emperor grew up, he began to hate him and wanted to kill him as an adult. He was very angry when he learned the little emperor's wish. He ordered people to poison the little emperor with poisoned wine and became a newborn child emperor.
After another little emperor was established, Wang Mang was still afraid that his children would do something against him when they grew up, so he stepped up preparations for usurping the throne. Finally, he ordered his ministers to go to the table, advised Emperor Xian of Han to abdicate, and made Wang Mang obey God's will to be emperor. After careful arrangement, he accepted the demise of the little emperor of the Han Dynasty according to the will of Heaven-in fact, he forged it himself, called himself "new", put on a yellow robe and ascended the throne of the emperor he dreamed of.
When Wang Mang became emperor, he also lost his status as a consort behind the imperial power. He surprised everyone by going from darkness to light. People finally knew his ambition to usurp the throne, and those who had been deceived by him also strongly opposed him, making it difficult to implement the laws he promulgated. The royal family in the Han Dynasty hated him because the country changed hands, and organized troops everywhere to prepare for armed resistance to his rule.
More than ten years after Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor, the flame of peasant uprising finally ignited, which became the fuse for all kinds of forces in the whole society to oppose Wang Mang. At that time, the world was in chaos, and people from all walks of life rose up and attacked it. Wang Mang himself was killed in despair.
Wang Mang pursued power all his life, but he never understood that as a leader of a big country without a legal name, he could not easily abandon his available political chips and go straight to the front desk to become the supreme ruler. His idealism makes him perfect, and it is not enough to have the supreme power in fact. He also wanted to hold the position of emperor in name, but it was this risky action that ruined him. In order to better understand the game form between Wang Mang and the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, we might as well look at the following game tree:
There is a basic principle in China's ancient art of war, that is, "plan before you move". Without comprehensive planning and preparation, we can't act rashly, otherwise it will become a blind move. What kind of strategy is more important. Sometimes you do the same thing, but the results are different because of different strategies. For example, Yuan Shikai, who also seized the country from orphans and widows, is good at dancing with long sleeves. In the face of the Empress Dowager of the Qing Dynasty, he cried and said that he had no choice but to force the last emperor Puyi to abdicate. However, Cao Cao and Cao Pi's father and son took a harsh attitude towards Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which caused disaster.
Changing dynasties is a great event. If you decide to carry out this action, it is tantamount to gambling with your own life. This is a winning or losing gamble. As the saying goes, "there are many beauties in the country, and the males compete for the deer." When making a big gamble, you must do a lot of red tape while carrying out your plan. You are an ambitious man and a philanthropist, which makes people relax their vigilance and succeed in one fell swoop. The "Chen Qiao mutiny, yellow robe added to the body" in history is such a successful example. "Chen Qiao mutiny" was a mutiny event initiated by Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, which replaced the later Zhou Dynasty to establish the Song Dynasty. In the sixth year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty (959), Sejong Chai Rong suddenly died of illness. Prime Minister Fan Ju was ordered to help Chai Zongxun, Chai Rong's youngest son, succeed him as Emperor Gong. At this time, Emperor Gong was only seven years old (five years old), and the unstable situation of "suspecting the country" appeared in the following week. A military coup planned by Zhao Kuangyin, Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and others, senior generals of the Imperial Army, were inspected in front of the temple.
On the first day of the first month of the following year, there was news that Qidan and Northern Han sent troops south to attack the Later Zhou Dynasty. As a matter of fact, this news was sent by Zhao Kuangyin, and its purpose was to mobilize the army to serve its own ambition with the help of the illusion of "invasion by foreign enemies". As you can imagine, if the powerful ministers in the later Zhou Dynasty can carefully analyze the situation and obtain information accurately, they can distinguish the authenticity of the news and prevent the mutiny. However, Fan Ju, the ruling minister of the later Zhou Dynasty, thought that the country was indeed facing a military threat, so he hurriedly sent Zhao Kuangyin to lead the army to the north to resist.
On the third day of the first month, Zhao Kuangyin led his troops out of Beijing and spent the night in Chen Qiaoyi (now Chenqiao Town, southeast of Fengqiu, Henan Province), 20 kilometers northeast of Kaifeng, and the mutiny plan was put into practice. That night, some of Zhao Kuangyin's cronies spread their opinions among the soldiers, saying, "Today, the emperor is young and weak, and he can't lead the government. Who knows that we are serving the country and breaking the enemy? " If you don't make Zhao Kuangyin emperor first, then start the Northern Expedition. "The mutiny of the soldiers was quickly stirred up. At this time, Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother Zhao Kuangyi (later renamed Guangyi, that is, Song Taizong Zhao Huan) and his cronies Zhao Pu saw that the time was ripe, so they instructed the soldiers to put a yellow robe of the emperor who had been prepared in advance on Zhao Kuangyin, who had just woken up drunk, and they all bowed to the court. Long live could be heard for miles, so they made him emperor. Zhao Kuangyin pretended to be forced to say, "You are greedy and rich, and you made me the son of heaven. You can obey my orders, otherwise I can't be the Lord. " Supporters all said that "only life is listening." Zhao Kuangyin publicly announced that after returning to Kaifengfu, he would not be surprised by the Empress Dowager and the Little Emperor of the Zhou Dynasty, bullied by officials or officials of the Zhou Dynasty, and would not occupy the national treasury of North Korea. Those who obey orders are rewarded, and those who violate them are punished. All the soldiers answered "No"! So Zhao Kuangyin led the troops to Li Kaifeng.
On the surface, this is indeed a mutiny that Zhao Kuangyin himself did not know was "forced", but if we examine the clues carefully, we can see the problem. One of the problems is Zhao Kuangyin's position at that time. During Chai Rong's lifetime, Zhao Kuangyin, as a trusted general of Chai Rong, served as an imperial general, and finally achieved the position of commander-in-chief in front of the temple. As a hot official at that time, Zhao Kuangyin had great power at that time. Moreover, in the Five Dynasties, regime change was carried out by generals who controlled the army, which was unprecedented. The second question is, why is there news that the Khitan and the Northern Han Dynasty attacked the Later Zhou Dynasty, and why is there such a mutiny after Zhao Kuangyin went to war? It seems to be an accident, but it happened in Chen Qiao, which is very close to the capital. Why didn't the soldiers do this before they left the capital? Why not make such a move after being far away from the capital and the danger of being suppressed is reduced? Obviously, this was premeditated, creating the illusion of mutiny during the parade from the beginning and quickly controlling the usurpation of the central government. Third, why did Zhao Kuangyin's cronies incite soldiers to mutiny? Are they really angry with Zhao Kuangyin? Obviously not, they just speak for Zhao Kuangyin, so that Zhao Kuangyin himself can maintain the image of a loyal minister.
Through this analysis, Zhao Kuangyin's careerist image was exposed, and through these disguises, he successfully turned himself into a philanthropist who was forced to obey the military spirit and was loyal to the regime of the Hou Zhou Dynasty. Next, it is how to use the face of a philanthropist to implement the concrete steps of an aspirant.
When Zhao Kuangyin "promised" the soldiers to stand on their own feet and led the troops back to Beijing, Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and others, the main generals defending the capital, used to be Zhao Kuangyin's "brothers of the League". When they learned that the mutiny was successful, they opened the city gate to meet them. At that time, among the imperial generals in Kaifeng in the later Zhou Dynasty, only the bodyguard, pro-army and deputy commander-in-chief "Ma bu" or horse stance just look made Han Tong want to lead troops to fight urgently, and before he could summon troops, he was killed by Wang in the military school. Chen Qiao mutinous soldiers took control of Kaifeng, the capital of the latter Zhou Dynasty, without bloodshed.
At this time, Fan Ju, the prime minister of the Zhou Dynasty, and other talents knew that they couldn't tell the truth from the truth, so they quickly sent someone to fool them. In desperation, they had to lead hundreds of officials to obey. Gu Tao, a scholar of Hanlin, took out the prepared Zen imperial edict and announced the abdication of the Duke of Zhou. Zhao Kuangyin then formally ascended the throne, easily seizing the power of the later Zhou Dynasty, and renamed Emperor Gong as King Zheng. Because it was designated as a German buffer region in the later Zhou Dynasty, it was located in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), so it took Song as the country name and made Kaifeng its capital. Historically, it is customary to call the Zhao and Song Dynasties established by Zhao Kuangyin the Northern Song Dynasty, and Zhao Kuangyin was honored as Song Taizu after his death. This is the truth of the famous story "Chen Qiao mutiny, wearing a yellow robe" in history.