The specific process of marine export is as follows:
1 & gt； Contact the freight forwarder
It is necessary to confirm with customers whether they have their own designated freight forwarders, because many foreign companies will have freight forwarders who will cooperate with them for a long time. These freight forwarders have offices in the local area or in our country, which is convenient to operate and has an advantage in price. If the guest doesn't specify a freight forwarder, we can arrange our own freight forwarder to export.
2> Arrange space booking: arrange space booking; Book shipping space and send orders to freight forwarders.
Booking time: generally, the shipping space will be booked from the freight forwarder one week before the delivery date, that is, the blank S/O will be obtained from the freight forwarder, filled out and sent back to the freight forwarder.
Information required for booking: provided by the guests and provided by us, mainly used to fill in the S/O when freight forwarders book the space, declare the customs and prepare the documents.
The information that tourists need to provide includes:
Consignee: Consignee
Notifier: The person who notifies the arrival of the goods is generally the same as the consignee.
Port of destination: Port of destination.
Port of shipment: We generally know the port of shipment, so we don't have to ask our customers.
The documents required by our company are:
Packing list and invoice commercial invoice
3> Confirm with the customer which shipping documents need to be prepared. Usually, the customer's shipping documents include the following:
Bill of lading: 3 originals and 3 copies (three copies).
Certificate of origin: C/O or Form A 1 Canada 1 (one original and one copy).
Packing list: 3 originals.
Invoice: 3 originals.
Note 1: What is a bill of lading? What is the function of the bill of lading?
Ocean bill of lading or port-to-port bill of lading, referred to as ocean bill of lading.
The ocean bill of lading is a document that proves that the goods under the contract of carriage by sea have been received or loaded by the carrier, and the carrier guarantees to deliver the goods accordingly.
Function of ocean bill of lading:
(1) Goods receipt.
A bill of lading is a receipt sent by the carrier to the shipper to confirm that the carrier has received and shipped the goods listed in the bill of lading, or that the carrier has received and shipped the goods on behalf of the shipper.
(2) Proof of the transport contract.
It is the proof of the contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier.
The reason why the carrier carries the relevant goods for the shipper is that there is a certain relationship of rights and obligations between the carrier and the shipper, and the relationship of rights and obligations between the two parties takes the bill of lading as evidence of the transportation contract.
(3) Property right certificate.
The bill of lading is proof of the ownership of the goods. Whoever holds the bill of lading has the right to ask the carrier to deliver the goods and to possess and dispose of the goods. The bill of lading represents the goods specified in the bill of lading.
There are two ways to issue ocean bills of lading:
Produce original documents, such as the above three originals and three copies.
Telerelease bill of lading: Telerelease of bill of lading.
In this case, we must recover all the balance of the customer before we can arrange the freight forwarder to use the electricity release form. Generally speaking, it only takes 65,438+0 weeks for Japanese goods to arrive at the destination port, and it takes 65,438+0 weeks for us to get all the original documents. Together with the time for express delivery to customers, it may cause certain terminal demurrage and container rental fees to customers.
One more thing, in the process of confirming the ocean bill of lading, we will encounter the situation that the agent or trading company of the guest will ask us to change the shipper on the bill of lading to their company name; This is reasonable, but we need to receive all the balance from the agent or trading company before we can arrange the change order, because the content of the Shipper is to show who owns the goods. If we don't receive the customer's balance, the forwarder will send the documents to the agent or trading company according to the address on the bill of lading, which will only increase our own risk.
Note 2: 2: Difference between CO and Type A
(1) Definition:
Form A is the GSP certificate of origin, that is, the non-reciprocal preferential treatment given by developed countries to developing countries as stipulated by the United Nations. Customers can enjoy preferential tariffs by issuing Form A. ..
CO is a general certificate of origin, and goods are only taxed at the general tax rate, which only proves the origin.
Both are certificates of origin, which prove the country of production of the goods.
(2) Function:
CO and Form A are one of the documents for importing customs clearance documents and proving that the import is allowed.
This is a voucher for the local government to tax the guests.
(3) Issuer
Form A is the official document issued by the commodity inspection office, and the price is about 100 RMB.
There are two kinds of CO: one is official (issued by the Commodity Inspection Bureau) and the other is unofficial (issued by the Council for the Promotion of International Trade, the International Chamber of Commerce); The price is about 60 yuan RMB.
(4) Who are the countries that give China GSP at present?
At present, 36 countries have granted China GSP treatment: 25 EU countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Britain, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Slovenia, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Cyprus and Malta), Switzerland and Malta. For goods exported to these countries, Form A is usually required.
Bulgaria, Hungary and the United States don't give China GSP treatment, so you can't apply for FORM A in these countries, you can only issue CO.
Generally speaking:
C/O is widely used in Middle East countries.
Form A is widely used in Europe and America.
Note 3: Functions of packing list (P/L) and commercial invoice (C/I):
It is the basic basis for us to declare and make bills of lading.
It is one of the import and customs clearance documents for guests, and the customs collects tax rates accordingly.
It's not necessarily the original, just send a scanned copy.
In addition to the above basic documents, some special countries need some other documents, such as Egypt: from April 20 10, all goods imported from China must present CIQ documents, otherwise the corresponding goods will be detained.
What is a CIQ certificate?
That is, the inspection certificate of pre-shipment inspection, called inspection certificate-pre-shipment inspection; This is the official document issued by commodity inspection bureaus in China.
The certificate is an agreement signed by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China and the Egyptian Ministry of Trade and Industry on the premise of ensuring the quality of imported industrial products and the safety of consumers. All industrial products except food and medicine need to provide this document before customs clearance. At present, this document is not only needed by Egypt, but also exported to Ethiopia, Nigeria and Iran (2011121). In fact, to put it mildly is to protect product quality and consumer safety; In fact, it is the measures implemented by the Egyptian government to control and protect local industries, which has a great impact on China, not only increasing the export cost, but also losing Egyptian customers because it is difficult to cope with the CIQ cost.
What is the function of CIQ certificate?
Used for customs clearance at the port of destination.
CIQ certificate process:
Prepare the required information and documents and submit them to the commodity inspection bureau-make an appointment with the commodity inspection bureau to see when the goods will be inspected-make an appointment to supervise the loading and inspection-we usually put CIQ seals on our boxes after shipment-the original will take about 5-7 working days.
CIQ certificate application time:
Applying for CIQ certificate is very time-consuming and troublesome. I once handled the documents, and it took 1 month to complete them. Now everyone knows the efficiency of the government, so we try to keep it as long as possible when we tell the guests the date of delivery, so that the guests know that it will take some time to apply for this certificate, and they will not be fined for our late delivery.
For all shipping documents, we can ask the customer together when booking the shipping space, and then inform the freight forwarder accordingly to see how much it costs. Generally, we need customers to pay extra for special documents like CIQ, because the price may be cheaper now, and I will catch up with the new policy when I make this order, and the cost will not be less than a penny. Or you can ask the freight forwarder in advance how much it costs to make a CIQ certificate now. We can share the price in advance. Don't try to spend 200 yuan to buy a fake CIQ certificate. It's not clear when it's found, and it's big when it's returned.
4> Confirm the customs clearance date and arrange customs clearance.
After booking the shipping space, we need to confirm the customs clearance date with the forwarder, so that the goods can be delivered to the warehouse designated by the forwarder on time before the customs clearance date. At the same time, arrange customs declaration. For factories without import and export rights, we need to confirm with the freight forwarder whether he can help us pay for the export, or we can also go to the customs broker for customs declaration. Please consult the forwarder and customs broker for details.
5> Confirm the shipping plan information so as to inform the customer.
After the goods are cleared, you need to ask the freight forwarder to confirm the following information so as to inform the customer of the specific delivery situation:
Name of ship/voyage number: name of ship and voyage number.
ETD: estimated departure date
ETA: The date of arrival of the ship.
If the goods are delivered over the counter, we also need to tell the customer the container number, that is, the container number.
This is a kind of service, just like we send a courier and tell the guests the same truth immediately, and the guests will feel that our service is thoughtful from the heart.
6> file tracking
After the goods set sail, we need to confirm the shipping documents with the freight forwarder, mainly the confirmation of the bill of lading and the certificate of origin. Generally, we need to ask the freight forwarder to provide us with the draft first, and then send it to the customer for confirmation before we sort out the original documents. Because it costs money to modify any file after the original file is issued. Generally speaking, the time from ETD to the issuance of original shipping documents is 5~7 days.
7> payment receipt
Let the forwarder send us the receipt, and we will arrange payment to the forwarder, and let the forwarder send us the original documents. The fees we pay freight forwarders here are mainly customs declaration fees, document fees, loading and unloading fees, etc. The freight forwarder's receipt will indicate each item.
8> Scan the shipping documents to customers and collect the balance.
After receiving the original shipping document, we should scan it to the customer first, tell him that we have the original document, ask him to pay the balance of the order and send us the memo. After the payment is received, we will express a set of original documents to the customer.
9> Guests will clear the goods with the original documents received by sea. The deal is done!