primary colour
Proportion/%
Hues are red, yellow, blue, white and black.
Jujube 70.75 24.57 4.68
Light meat red 0.55 3.28 96.438+07
Pink 5 95
Up 47.5 6.0 46.25 0.25
Meat color 17 3 80
Light brown 20 69.8 10.2
Brown 50 37.5 12.5
Iron red 72.416.411.2
Purple 95 5
Chestnut 72 1 1 14 3
Orange 7.5 92 0.5
Ochre 40 60
Bearer 4.2 14.7 80.8 0.3
Lavender 1.94 0.96 97. 1
Light blue 5 95
Tianlan 9 9 1
National defense green 8.4 60.18.51310
Jiefang Green 27 22.9 4 1.6 9.2 23.6
Fruit green14.591.18 84.23
Grass green 75 15 10
Light bean green 7.9 2. 1 90
Lake Green 6.06 3.04 90.9
Hu Dan Green 22.1710.62 67438+0
Camel color 3.67 20.8 1.70 5.52
Blue gray12.84 73.3513.438+0
Light gray 0.94 94. 1 4.96
Medium gray 1.35 89.62 9.03
Mixed color
Tone collocation refers to changing a specific tone to form a tone picture with a different feeling. Color matching is the most confusing technology, and it is also very difficult to grasp in practice. Let many fans ask for tutorials everywhere and spend a lot of energy and time on color matching experiments.
Basic information
Chinese name
Mixed color
spell
mix colours
translate freely
Change the color tone to form a picture with different sensory colors.
App application
Artistic and professional beautification software
Professional software
Photoshop Autodesk Flame, etc.
Related theory
Color synthesis/color mode conversion theory
learning method
The correct way to learn color collocation is to read the theory of color composition carefully, lay a solid theoretical foundation of color composition first, and then practice with some typical demonstrations. With this foundation, it will be easy.
Color is not only a reflection of the objective world but also a feeling of the subjective world. Some people will regard a certain color as a treasure, while others may regard it as rubbish. This is a question of "each has his own love", but it also reflects that color is both an objective existence and a subjective feeling.
Although the color matching technology is complicated and dazzling. But philosophically, everything has regularity, and the key is how to understand and master this regularity. Similarly, color collocation has strong regularity, which mainly involves color composition theory, color mode conversion theory and channel theory. The tools used mainly involve some of the most important basic color matching tools, such as color scale, curve, color balance, hue/saturation, optional color, channel mixer, gradient mapping, information panel and color picker.
theoretical basis
Color matching
The problem of color matching is really not a simple problem. This generation of designers can use a lot more color tools than the previous generation. Nowadays, we can make good use of the rich colors provided by computers, which seems not very simple. Personally, since I started as a designer, I have often been lost in the world of color. In the actual design of elements that need attention in color matching, we often consider the processing scheme of color matching and the color areas related to shape and texture according to the design purpose. This scheme is my color scheme. When making a color scheme, we should consider the following points to highlight the visual effect.
In the design of background color and graphic color, we often encounter several colors to make various forms. As the background color, we tend to push it away, while as the color of graphics or text, we want to bring it closer. This requires us to know what it feels like to be influenced by color matching. Generally, bright and bright colors are more likely to produce graphic effects than dark and turbid colors. Therefore, in order to obtain a clear graphic effect, we must first consider the relationship between graphic color and background color. The graphic color should have a certain contrast with the background color. Only in this way can we clearly convey what we want to express. The graphic color we want to highlight must be able to attract the main attention of the viewer. If not, it will be a presumptuous guest usurps the host's role.
Folding integral tone
If we want to make our design full of life, the feeling of stability, cold or warm, cold and so on is determined by the overall color. So how can we control the overall tone? Only by controlling the hue, lightness, purity and area of the overall tone. Only in this way can we control the overall tone of our design. First of all, we should decide the color that occupies a large area in the color matching center, and choose different color matching schemes according to this color to get different overall colors. Choose what we want from it. If we use warm colors as our overall tone, we will show a warm feeling, and vice versa. If warm colors and high-purity colors are used as the overall tone, it will give people a feeling of being hot and excited, while cool colors and low-purity colors will give people a feeling of being cold and calm. Colors with high lightness are bright and light, while colors with low lightness are solemn and solemn. It is lively to take contrast hue and lightness, and it is steady to take similar same color system. More colors will be gorgeous, less will be elegant and fresh. The choice of the overall tone of the above points should be decided according to what we want to express.
Balance of folding color matching
The balance of color is the balance of the relationship between color strength, lightness and darkness. These elements will affect the sensory balance of color. So even if it is the same color scheme, it will be decided whether it is a harmonious color or a disharmonious color according to the shape and area of the figure. Generally, the colors of the same category are easier to balance. In the complementary color relationship, the combination of solid colors with similar lightness, such as red and blue-green, will be dazzling because of excessive intensity and become uncoordinated colors. However, if the area of a color is reduced or white and black are added to change and balance its lightness and chroma, this disharmonious color change can be reconciled. When the color with high purity and high intensity is matched with turbid color or gray with the same brightness, if the former has a small area and the latter has a large area, it is easy to achieve balance. When bright colors and dark colors are arranged up and down, if bright colors are on the top and dark colors are on the bottom, it will look steady. Conversely, if the dark color is dynamic in the bright color.
Folding color matching accent color
In color matching, in order to make up for the monotony of tone, we can focus on a certain color to balance the overall color matching. When the overall color matching relationship is fuzzy, we need to highlight a key color to balance the color matching relationship. Pay attention to the following points when choosing the main color: the main color is stronger than other colors. The main tone should be a harmonious tone that contrasts with the overall tone. Emphasis color should be used in a small area. But not in a large area. The balance effect of color matching must be considered when choosing key colors.
The rhythm of color matching
The overall tone is produced by the configuration of colors. And this configuration relationship appears repeatedly in the overall tone, resulting in rhythm. The rhythm of color is related to the discharge, shape and texture of color. Because the gradual change of hue, lightness and purity will change regularly from time to time, it will produce the rhythm of gradual change. Repeated changes in hue, light and shade, strength and so on will produce repeated rhythms. You can create a dynamic rhythm by giving colors a sense of jumping and direction, and so on. We can master more rhythm effects through study or training.
Folding harmonic gradient
When two or more colors are not in harmony, they can be coordinated by inserting several gradually changing colors in the middle. Color ring gradient: the gradient of hue is like a color ring. You can get a gradient by matching intermediate colors between red, yellow, green, blue and purple. Brightness gradient: a gradient from bright color to dark color. Gradual change of purity: a step change from solid color to turbid color or black. According to the gradual change of hue, lightness and purity, various changes are treated as gradual changes, thus forming complex effects. These gradients are very harmonious.
Uniform color mixing
The so-called unified tone means that for the overall unity of multi-color coordination, one tone dominates the whole, which is called unified tone, that is, dominant tone. Hue modulation is to add the same hue to all colors, so that the overall hue is unified in a color system. So as to achieve harmony. Brightness modulation is to add white or black, so that the brightness of all tones is similar. This can also achieve harmony. Purity adjustment is to add ash, so that the purity of all tones is similar.
Color separation matching
If two colors are opposite to each other, they are contrast, which has an excessively strong effect and becomes a discordant color. In order to adjust them, divide them with other colors, that is, divide them. The color used for segmentation is called segmentation color. Due to the purpose of segmentation, there are not many colors that can be used for segmentation. The most commonly used colors are white, gray and black. Gold and silver also have the function of division. But these two colors are difficult to bring out the sense of weight in our computer, so they are hardly used in the computer. But can be used for printing. Other colors can also be used for segmentation, but to choose brightness obviously different from the original color, hue and purity should also be considered.
Fold and edit the color meaning of this paragraph.
Red: represents enthusiasm, unrestrained, joy and celebration. It symbolizes blood and represents exuberant blood gas. People who like red will devote themselves to work and love, and they are possessive and difficult to give up everything.
Black: It represents seriousness, night and steadiness. Solemn, restrained and reserved.
Yellow: Represents nobility and wealth. With a sense of humor, it symbolizes people's spiritual realm. People who like yellow are smarter and have strong analytical skills.
White: represents purity and simplicity. Pure and spotless, reminiscent of wedding dresses, usually with the same appearance, no counterfeiting and strong adaptability. .
Blue: It represents wisdom, sky and freshness. Symbolizing the deep sea, he is calm and calm, and it is not easy to express his true nature to people.
Green: represents life and vitality. Fresh, exciting and quiet.
Gray: It represents deep, dark and negative. Sensitive and slender, with a strong sense of superiority, and calm.
Purple: It represents mystery, romance and love.
Brown: It stands for land.
Orange: black and white, with strong upward spirit and strong social skills.
Color mode
1)RGB color mode: also known as additive color mode, it is the best color for screen display, and it is composed of three colors, namely red, green and blue, and each color can have a brightness change of 0-255.
2)CMYK color mode: composed of magenta, magenta, magenta and black, also called subtractive color mode. Generally, this mode is used for printout and printing, so CMYK mode is generally used for printing pictures.
3)HSB color mode: decompose color into hue, adjust saturation and brightness, and get color and change.
4)Lab color mode: This mode describes one color tone called A and the other color tone called B through one light intensity and two colors. Mainly affects the brightness of timbre. Generally, RGB to CMYK are converted by Lab first.
5) Index color: In this color, the pixels of the image are represented by one byte. It contains up to 256 colors in the color table to store and index the colors used. Its picture quality is not high and it takes up less space.
6) Gray scale mode: that is, the image is displayed in black and white only, with the value of pixel 0 being black and the value of pixel 255 being white.
7) Bitmap mode: pixels are not represented by bytes, but by binary, that is, black and white are represented by binary, which occupies the least disk space.
Application mode
After I get a photo with the original character as the main body, I will go through the following steps and workflow: 1. Firstly, use the color picker tool to place four points in the highlights, middle and dark parts of a person's face, and respectively check the proportional components of cyan, magenta, yellow and medium gray in the face to find out the color composition and distribution ratio of the original image; 2. Then according to a global human skin color composition standard proposed by Americans as a reference, or choose a skin color I like as standard data, check whether there is color cast in the original photo and the specific data of color cast (color cast here refers to the comparison with the specific data of the reference photo); 3, rely on color scale and curve tools, correctly input reference standard data, and fine-tune with tools such as color balance, hue/saturation, and optional colors. If the previous work is done well, this step will be soon. 4. The issue of transparency has a lot to do with the pre-shooting of photos. Of course, a considerable part of the opaque problem can be solved later, but the process is more complicated, mainly depending on the correct use of channels.
keyboard shortcuts
Adjust the color scale Ctrl+L (as mentioned above, Ctrl+Alt+L is the option to adjust the color scale with the historical setting as the default value).
Automatically adjust the color level Ctrl+Shift+L
Open the curve adjustment dialog Ctrl+M.
Add a new point on the curve of the selected channel (in the Curve dialog box), then hold down the Ctrl key and click the image.
Adds a new point (in the Curves dialog box) to all curves except the composite curve. Ctrl+Shift.
Add a little pressure.
Move the selected point (in the curve dialog box) ↑/↓/→
Moves the selected points in increments of 10 points (in the Curve dialog box).
Select multiple control points (in the Curve dialog box) Shift and click.
Move the control point forward (in the Curve dialog box) Ctrl+Tab
Move the control point backward (in the curve dialog box) Ctrl+Shift+Tab.
Add a new point (in the Curve dialog box) and click the grid.
Delete points (in the Curve dialog box) Ctrl Add points and click them.
Deselect all points on the selected channel (in the Curve dialog box)
Make the curve grid thinner or thicker (in the Curve dialog box) Alt Add some points and press the grid.
Select a color channel (in the Curve dialog box)
Select the monochrome channel (in the Curve dialog box) Ctrl+ number.
Open the color balance dialog ctrl+b.
Opens the hue/saturation dialog ctrl+u.
Fully adjust (in the Tone/Saturation dialog box) Ctrl+~
Adjust only the red color (in the hue/saturation dialog box) Ctrl+ 1.
Adjust only yellow (in the Tone/Saturation dialog box) Ctrl+2.
Adjust only green (in the Tone/Saturation dialog box) Ctrl+3.
Adjust only cyan (in the Tone/Saturation dialog box) Ctrl+4.
Adjust only blue (in the Tone/Saturation dialog box) Ctrl+5.
Adjust only magenta (in the Tone/Saturation dialog box) Ctrl+6.
Decolorization Ctrl+Shift+U
Reverse Ctrl+I
Mix colors in an appropriate proportion.
The types of colors are endless and colorful, but there is a certain internal relationship between them. Each color can be determined by three parameters, namely hue, lightness and saturation. Tone is a characteristic of distinguishing colors, which is determined by the chromatographic composition of light source and the feeling of various wavelengths emitted from the surface of the object to the human eye, and can distinguish dividends, yellow, green, blue and purple. Brightness, also known as brightness, is a characteristic value representing the change of surface brightness; By comparing the lightness of various colors, colors can be divided into lightness and darkness. Saturation, also known as chroma, is an eigenvalue that indicates the depth of color on the surface of an object, which distinguishes color from MingLiang Yu and gray. Tone, lightness and saturation form a solid, and we can use them to establish scales and use numbers to measure colors.
The colors in nature are ever-changing, but the most basic ones are red, green and blue, which are called primary colors. Another color made by mixing these three primary colors in different proportions is called composite color. From Figure 4- 1, we can know the color matching relationship of colors. For example, red+yellow = orange; Blue+green = green; Orange and cyan are called composite colors. Figure 4-2 shows the color ring of color matching, the composite color formed by three primary colors, and the other color corresponding to it in the color ring is complementary color. For example, green and blue spell cyan, and the corresponding red is the complementary color of cyan.
In color matching, adding white to dilute primary colors or complex colors can get colors with different "saturation"; By adding different components of black, various colors with different lightness can be obtained. Adding complementary colors to composite colors will make the colors darker, even gray or black. See table 4- 10 for the relationship between color matching, fineness and complementary color.
Fold and edit this network
Color matching and complementary color
Red and yellow.
Blue and yellow
Yellow and red
Purple and green
Green and orange
Orange and purple
green
orange
Chinese olive
lemon
Red-brown-yellow
red
blue
orange
Purple and red
green
In foreign coatings and painting industries, colors are divided into two categories: metallic flash color and natural color. The paint film of the former is in Japan.
Light can have a bright flash, which is usually made by adding aluminum powder, copper powder or pearlescent pigment to the paint, so it is called.
Metal flash color is widely used in automobile, electrical appliance and other industries. Colors other than metallic flash are called true colors.
fundamental principle
Color matching is divided into similar color matching and contrast color matching.
Color matching mainly includes:
1 and achromatic+achromatic
2, achromatic color+color.
3, color+color
Only the third one is more difficult. As long as you close your eyes and match the first two, you can match the depth (that is, lightness and color matching).
Tone (lightness+purity) color matching is relatively difficult to master, so pay more attention to and collect more popular and successful color matching from simple to gradual! !
Pigment palette
Cooked brown = lemon yellow+pure black+rose red
Pink rose = pure white+rose.
Vermilion = lemon yellow+rose red
Dark red = rose red+pure black.
Purple = pure purple+rose.
Chu Shihong = Rose Red+Lemon Yellow+Pure Black
Pink blue = pure white+sky blue
Turquoise = grass green+sky blue
Grey blue = sky blue+pure black.
Light gray blue = sky blue+pure black+pure purple
Pink green = pure white+grass green
Yellow and green = lemon yellow+grass green
Dark green = grass green+pure black
Pink purple = pure white+pure purple
Brown = rose+pure black
Pink lemon yellow = lemon yellow+pure white
Garcinia cambogia = lemon yellow+rose red
Orange = lemon yellow+rose red
Khaki = lemon yellow+pure black+rose red
Hand-painted pigment palette
Rose+yellow = scarlet (vermilion, orange, gamboge)
Scarlet+black = brown.
Sky blue+yellow = grass green, light green
Sky blue+black+purple = light blue purple
Grass green+a little black = dark green
Sky blue+black = light gray blue.
Sky blue+grass green = blue-green
White+red+black small amount = stone red.
Sky blue+black (small amount) = dark blue
White+yellow+black = mature brown
Rose red+black (small amount) = deep red
Red+yellow+white = the color of the character.
Rose+white = pink rose.
Blue+white = pink blue
Yellow+white = beige
Note: Adding white to any color in the pigment will make it pink and light.
Fold and edit the color function of this paragraph.
Reasonable color arrangement is of great significance to create a comfortable working, working and living environment. Color adjustment can make the environment brighter; Relieve the fatigue of eyes and whole body; Enhance work pleasure and improve labor efficiency; Create a specific environment and embody a certain style and artistic conception; Reduce accidents and disasters and improve work quality; Strengthen the protection of materials, etc.
Reflected in indoor buildings, when painting warm colors, such as red, orange and yellow series, people will associate sunshine and flame to produce a warm and warm feeling. Paint with cool colors, such as green, blue and purple series, makes people feel cool, as if they were in a green environment. When the brightness of color decreases, the afterimage of complementary color is avoided, and the color matching with multiple colors is avoided, so that the color of illumination light is close to natural light, which can prevent the fatigue of eyes and the whole body. Color and safety are also closely related, and many colors have become the common language in the world. Red is a strongly stimulating color, also called stimulating color, and is often used as a sign of danger. Yellow is an eye-catching color and is used as a warning in traffic management. Blue, a cool color, has the characteristics of calmness and calmness, and is used as a symbol of management equipment in industry. As a background color, green does not stimulate people's psychology, and it is not easy to produce visual fatigue, giving people a sense of security. It is often used as a safety color in industry. Other colors are also widely used, especially white, which has the effect of reducing color. When reducing the strong color, add the right amount of white to solve it.
Fold and edit this paragraph of color measurement.
There are two kinds of color determination, one is to compare colors with instruments, and the other is to use visual colorimetry. In China, the detection of paint color is mainly based on visual inspection, and it is stipulated that under the same experimental conditions (including making test plates in strict accordance with the above rules, selecting light source, background, angle and observer, etc.), parallel comparison is carried out. The specific operation is as follows. Place the test board side by side with the reference standard board so that the corresponding edges touch or overlap each other. The distance from the eye to the template is about 500mm. In order to improve the accuracy of color comparison, the position of the test board should be exchanged from time to time. The rating of color and light difference is divided into four grades: close, similar, slightly worse and relative. How much color difference is qualified, which needs to be calculated by users and manufacturers or colorists themselves. Generally, the color requirements for high-end cars and furniture are extremely strict; When painting in a large area, it is required to use the same kind of paint within the construction scope, and there is no color difference with the naked eye. Especially in the process of patching, subtle differences in colors will affect the overall effect, and there will be no "patching" mistakes.
If the requirements for color difference are not high, this visual inspection method is simple and easy, and does not need too many theoretical foundations and special facilities. However, if accuracy is required, observers with certain observation conditions and certain chromaticity knowledge are needed to detect, and the rich experience of observers directly affects the accuracy of the detection results. Under normal circumstances, although it is quite keen to observe with the naked eye, it still has certain limitations. Color colorimeter is generally used to evaluate color internationally. A more accurate colorimeter can make the quantification of colors easy at once, get the measurement results expressed in various color spaces, and represent colors by numbers according to international standards. Because the color difference meter always uses the same light source and lighting method to measure, the measurement conditions are always the same, whether it is day or night, indoors or outdoors, without the personal factors of the observer, the measured values are always quantitative and accurate. Color colorimeter is good at revealing subtle color changes and expressing color difference with numerical values, which is convenient for color matching and data storage.
The national standard GB/t 3181-kloc-0/995 stipulates the color standard of paint film, GB/T 6749-97 stipulates the expression method of paint film color, and GB/T 976 1-88 stipulates the visual colorimetric method of paint and varnish coatings, GSB/.