In order to maintain the rule, the feudal system stipulated that the vassals must obey the orders of the Zhou Emperor, and the vassals had the obligation to defend the territory, fight with their followers, pay tribute and report on their work, govern the vassals and defend the country.
Second, the content
The system of enfeoffment of princes by ancient emperors or kings. The blocked vassal has his own territory, and the emperor or king has no direct power in the vassal territory.
The feudal system in the Zhou Dynasty was a social system in which the Zhou royal family divided the territory into vassals. Under the feudal system, the state land was not entirely owned by the Zhou royal family, but by the vassals who obtained the fiefs. They have all the resources and interests of the enclosed land, and they can fulfill their obligations by paying a certain tribute to the Zhou royal family, which is equivalent to the relationship between the medieval European kingdoms and the Holy See, which is the foundation of the Federation in the modern sense.
Zhou Wang is the * * * Lord (this * * Lord is the leader pattern left over from the clan society, and Yu is the last clan * * * Lord). Theoretically, the vassal's land can be reclaimed and redistributed by the Zhou royal family after his death, but it is generally hereditary.
Three. duty
Obey the king's orders, contribute property to Zhou Wang, and send troops to fight Zhou Wang; The important vassal States that have been enfeoffed successively are: Lu, Qi, Yan, Wei, Song, Jin and so on. Lu, Yan and Jin are her surnames.
Fourth, the role
1, through the enfeoffment system, strengthened the rule of the Zhou emperor to the local area. The Zhou Dynasty developed remote areas, expanded its ruling areas, and gradually built a transportation network all over the country, which formed the political pattern of the royal family in the Zhou Dynasty and broke the state of many countries in Xia and Shang Dynasties. Zhou became a powerful country, which lasted for hundreds of years.
2. Through the enfeoffment system, the sphere of influence of Zhou people has been expanding; Zhou established his dominant position in the world and his ruling effect was strengthened. The enfeoffment system made the aristocratic groups in the Western Zhou Dynasty form a hierarchical sequence of "Zhou Wang-vassal-Qing Dafu-Shi".
3. Through the enfeoffment system, Zhou's cultural form covered the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, strengthened the ties with neighboring ethnic minorities, and promoted the economic and cultural development in remote areas; Zhou Wenhua has amazing stability and continuity.
The enfeoffment system accelerated the development of national economy.
5. The enfeoffment system intensified the disloyalty of the vassal states to the Zhou royal family in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and formed a powerful local armed regime.
Extended data:
First, the positive impact:
1 was conducive to stabilizing the political order at that time, but later the form of annexation of weak countries by powerful countries appeared among the vassal States, which gradually weakened the authority of the Zhou Emperor. Through the enfeoffment system, Zhou's cultural form covered the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Zhou Wenhua has amazing stability and continuity.
2. Strengthened Zhou's local control. The Zhou dynasty developed remote areas, expanded the scope of its rule and gradually built a national transportation network.
Second, the negative impact:
1, in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, with the growing strength of the vassal States, the imperial power weakened and the enfeoffment system was destroyed; The victory of the King of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period was an open challenge to the enfeoffment system by the vassal states. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. Big countries merged with small countries, and countries with the same surname also fought against each other, which was out of control on Monday. At the end of the Warring States period, the Zhou royal family completely lost the right to enfeoffment.
2. Zhou has the supreme authority, and the state power gradually changes from loose to strict. However, the blocked vassals enjoyed considerable independence in their own territory. With the growing power of the vassal States, by the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the royal power was weak and the enfeoffment system was destroyed.
Through this "enfeoffment system", the relationship between the Zhou emperor and the princes was layer by layer.
Third, characteristics
1, the vassal state is relatively independent, with land management, administrative and military power, which is easy to form separatist forces.
2. The object of enfeoffment is diversified, with relatives with the same surname as the main body.
3. The distribution area is mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and relatives with the same surname are distributed in strategic places and rich areas.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-western Zhou dynasty enfeoffment system
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-enfeoffment system