1 information reuse concept
The concept of reuse was first applied in the computer field, and its first attraction was Mcllroy's paper "Software Components for Mass Production" at the 1968 NATO Software Engineering Conference. Prior to this, the concept of subprogram has embodied the idea of reuse, but its purpose is to save the expensive machine memory resources at that time, rather than saving the human resources needed to develop software. However, the concept of subroutines can indeed be used for the purpose of saving human resources, so a general subroutine library has emerged for programmers to use in programming. Mathematical library is a very successful application of subroutine reuse technology. Since then, with the development of software reuse and various reuse technologies, the concept of reuse has begun to penetrate into other fields, and information reuse is one of them.
Information reuse refers to facing the existing information resources and information work, making full use of the resources, knowledge, technology and experience of information management in the past to build new information resources and provide modular and modular information support for solving the same or similar problems in the future. In government information management activities, information reuse may occur in three dimensions: ① Time dimension: updating existing information in time from two aspects: content and storage status to meet the new demand, namely information maintenance. ② Platform dimension: On the basis of the existing information processing platform, consider the use of subjects, transaction characteristics and information content to build a new platform, that is, the transplantation of information platform. ③ Application dimension: apply the information resources of a certain government department or field to other departments or fields to solve problems, so that its information has wider application value and significance, that is, the transformation of information resources.
2 government information reuse model based on knowledge management technology
Based on the model of software reuse and the technology and method of knowledge management, this paper designs an information reuse model, that is, the process of information reuse, which is a process of reusing the same or similar information elements in different information applications from the information application dimension. Through information reuse, we can make full use of the information elements that have been collected or put into storage in the process of information utilization, and eliminate many repetitive tasks including information acquisition, sorting and identification, thus improving the efficiency of information utilization.
The establishment of information reuse based on knowledge management mainly includes technical factors and non-technical factors, which are briefly introduced below.
2. 1 government data collection
Data acquisition is a process of refining many information elements. Using knowledge mining technology in knowledge discovery, hidden information is mined from a large number of original databases. At the same time, there are many related knowledge, clustering knowledge, classification knowledge, deviation knowledge and prediction knowledge among departments, which are all obtained through knowledge discovery technology.
There are two ways to obtain information resources of government departments: one is to search the explicit knowledge resources of government departments' databases through knowledge retrieval tools to obtain defined and needed information elements, and the other is to express them in coded form through the daily work experience, summary, understanding and explanation of government departments' staff and add them to government data. In order to improve the speed and effect of data collection, it is essential to ensure sufficient information sources. First of all, the government should encourage all departments to open databases to each other and establish more extensive information links and exchanges; The second is to provide free communication platforms within the government, such as government forums, QQ groups and blogosphere. , and set up a special personal information tracker in the group to anonymously summarize the opinions, opinions and experiences expressed by government personnel and publish them regularly in the government in the form of reports; The third is to encourage mutual learning and information exchange between departments within the scope of evaluating the performance of government departments.
2.2 Standardization and description of government data
Data standardization and description is the process of indexing information elements. Using knowledge mining, this paper makes advanced language recognition and semantic analysis of government information resources, and summarizes data characteristics. The data obtained from different government departments exist in different entities, so there are different degrees of variation. The storage status and format limitations of government departments make it difficult to interpret the same data, so it is necessary to standardize the obtained information elements. Government data standardization mainly involves the following two aspects: First, the establishment of a unified government data model. Explain the time, source and scope of government affairs used by government departments to obtain information. On the one hand, the repeated collection of the same data source is reduced, and the existing information is updated according to the collection time of government information; on the other hand, the access authority of government information is restricted to a certain extent, and the circulation of confidential information is restricted to a certain extent; The second is to establish government data standards. In 1990s, the distributed information resources and utilization system (government information location service) designed by the federal government of the United States to support the public to search, obtain and use the information resources made public by the government has been applied in the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries, and GILS has stipulated the standards for government information processing. As a metadata format for describing network resources, DC (Dublin Core Metadata) has become InternetRFC24 13 and American national information standard z 39.85. E- GMF in Britain, TBITS39. 1 in Canada, AGIL in Australia and MIReG in the European Union. They all construct the metadata format of government information resources based on DC. However, China has not yet established a standardized model and mode of government data. We should learn from the experience of foreign standards and consider the current situation of domestic government software and hardware to establish a data standard suitable for our government.
In the information resource management of government departments, the characteristics of artificial intelligence of expert system are used to simulate the thinking mode of experts to reason and explain the knowledge framework and semantic network of government departments, and the relevant rules are matched with the data characteristics of departments to describe the data characteristics of various departments conceptually. Data standardization and description is of great significance for standardizing the knowledge mastery, diffusion and coding degree of government departments, and is the basis for realizing the integration and sharing of information resources among various departments, laying a unified data format and exchange standard for the construction of an integrated sharing platform. Including unifying and standardizing the explicit knowledge format, storage state and knowledge composition mode of government departments, and coding the tacit knowledge of government departments to make it explicit.
2.3 Classification and reorganization of government data
Extract the characteristics of information elements, classify and integrate different levels of data, and reorganize information by using the degree of correlation between information to produce new knowledge. Concept-oriented knowledge map classifies and manages the information resources of government departments, and links the knowledge islands and data islands existing in various departments to realize the reorganization of information elements. At the same time, the subject-oriented characteristics of data warehouse enable data warehouse to face transaction processing tasks when processing information, organize data according to a certain subject domain, and generate new knowledge through the new organization form of existing information. There are several ways to reorganize and integrate information elements:
(1) Object-oriented information integration. The integration of information units at this level mainly divides and designs people according to the different functions, authority levels and professional levels of government personnel. The information resources of government departments are specific for solving problems, so the application subjects are also specific. Object-oriented information integration can be divided into three categories: first, information integration for government business personnel. Government business personnel are faced with basic business processing activities for a long time, and the knowledge they need is mainly process information, technical information and experience information. After receiving the instruction from the leader, you can quickly obtain the relevant execution information, compare the execution with the previous handling events, find useful information, and summarize and feedback the business completion; The second is aimed at government leaders. Faced with a large number of decision-making and coordination affairs, government leaders mainly need policy information. Faced with new administrative events and activities, leaders seek administrative basis from the policy integration knowledge base on the one hand, and professional support and scientific advice from government experts on the other hand, so as to plan the implementation of government activities. The third is government experts. Government experts analyze policies, social environment and domestic and international situations, give constructive opinions of government leaders, encode the information of government activities fed back by government business personnel, and add it to the government case knowledge base. The three levels of government personnel coordinate and communicate with each other to realize the purpose of integrating the spiral appreciation of government knowledge.
The focus of object-oriented information integration is to reflect the convenience of information units with the same characteristics and similar granularity to the main body of government information application.
(2) Information integration oriented to activity process. This level of information unit integration is divided on the basis of activity stages, and its purpose is to realize the optimization and reengineering of government business processes. Process-oriented information integration re-examines government management activities, analyzes the elements of government activities and their relationships, and integrates and encapsulates them by using knowledge management methods and technologies. In the process of information integration, it is necessary to grasp the relationship between information supply and demand and the restraint mechanism between government departments, form an activity-oriented knowledge body and knowledge cluster, and realize the support for government business processes.
(3) Subject-oriented information integration. This integration level is divided according to the information application theme. Its purpose is to improve the effectiveness of information application, so as to realize and transform information value. Guided by an application theme, integrate different types and levels of information scattered in various departments, establish corresponding information integration bodies, and establish a knowledge base of basic information resources based on geography, population, finance, taxation and statistics; Macro-control information resource knowledge base, focusing on finance, land, state-owned assets, real estate and modern agriculture; A knowledge base of social management information resources focusing on food and drug supervision, environmental protection, public safety, floating population, safety supervision, quality supervision and social credit; Knowledge base of public service information resources focusing on employment, education, culture, social security, medical care and social assistance. Subject-oriented information integration is application-oriented and based on the correlation and integration of information, which breaks the situation that departments divide information.
2.4 Government data storage and retrieval
The orderly storage of data is the premise and foundation for the effective utilization of government information resources. On the one hand, storing and analyzing the integrated information resources of government departments provides strong information support for the enjoyment of information of various departments. On the other hand, the method of creating a new knowledge base is conducive to expanding the information reserve capacity and improving the information reuse rate. In order to facilitate the use of government departments, compatibility should be considered in the data storage format first. The government integrates the knowledge base to be compatible with the population of information resource management platforms of various departments, and can freely dock data and read information normally. This puts forward requirements for the government to integrate the software and hardware equipment of the * * * knowledge base construction platform. At present, the cloud computing service platform, which deals with a large number of data service modes, has become an effective choice for the government to build information service background support because of its low cost, high utilization rate and fast response. Storing the data after mining and integration on the government public cloud platform not only ensures the security of government data, but also solves the problems of repeated data collection and inconsistent data formats in cloud computing data centers. The technical characteristics of cloud computing center virtualization make the data more flexible in the flow direction of government departments, and the use and migration of business information of various departments are coordinated through the scheduling system.
Knowledge map has search and navigation functions, which can help government workers find the knowledge they need quickly. This is an information management tool that can help them find knowledge. In the process of searching the government knowledge map, government personnel should not only search the information of their own departments, but also connect the information sources of other departments related to the search, form a relevant government knowledge network, and integrate and push the information resources of various government departments. Knowledge map dynamically reflects the stock and flow of government information resources, and makes real-time positioning and dynamic tracking, which lays the foundation for the rapid provision and effective enjoyment of information and the high-frequency reuse of information.
In addition to the above technical factors of knowledge management, information reuse also involves many non-technical factors, such as: departmental coordination mechanism; Information management skills of department personnel; The openness of departmental information database and so on. These factors are related to the ability, level and progress of information reuse.
3 Application of government information reuse based on knowledge management technology in emergency management
3. 1 Application of information reuse in government emergency prevention
The basis of government emergency prevention is crisis early warning information and crisis prevention information. Through emergency prevention, the government can realize the high efficiency of government emergency preparation and emergency response, and realize the government's agile, flexible, immediate and scientific emergency. Government emergency prevention is based on the storage and acquisition speed of a large amount of information. Information reuse can transplant and integrate the crisis information, disaster state and disaster data collected and monitored by various regions and departments, predict the frequency, time, space and intensity of the crisis, form a certain early warning mechanism, reduce the possibility of the crisis or reduce the losses caused by the crisis. 20 10 the biggest lesson of the catastrophic mudslide disaster in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China is that the early warning and risk avoidance work has not been done well. At present, the risk management of debris flow in China has not been put in place, and no systematic risk early warning facilities have been built. This disaster once again sounded the alarm for China's risk warning.
3.2 Application of information reuse in government emergency response
Government emergency refers to a series of targeted activities carried out by the government in terms of organization, emergency resources and emergency dispatch when a crisis occurs. Because the crisis is sudden, uncertain, dynamic and disastrous, the response to the crisis requires timely, rapid and scientific, which requires the government to make quick decisions and formulate scientific emergency plans by using the information it has. According to the specific characteristics of the crisis, the government can improve and perfect the existing scheme by comparing and calling the packaged knowledge modules such as emergency expert database, emergency case base and emergency management system established in the past. The reuse of crisis information cases and response information saves some time for government decision-making and makes the government respond quickly and effectively. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the Tangshan municipal government consulted Tangshan earthquake archives and earthquake information, made a systematic analysis and research, summarized Tangshan's experience in earthquake relief, made suggestions for earthquake relief in Sichuan disaster areas, and put forward more than 90 suggestions on post-earthquake search and rescue, health and epidemic prevention, treatment of the wounded, resettlement of the victims, and management of relief materials, which were highly valued by relevant departments and submitted to the front-line headquarters of Sichuan earthquake relief, and played an important role in the post-earthquake relief in Wenchuan.
3.3 Application of information reuse in government emergency recovery
Emergency recovery after the crisis mainly includes the formulation of emergency recovery plan, emergency recovery resource management and psychological counseling. , aiming at achieving the stability and smooth reconstruction of the disaster area. Information reuse also has great application value in this link. For example, in the formulation of emergency recovery plan, the same requirements of a crisis type and different requirements of different crisis types can be obtained through information reuse, so as to formulate targeted emergency recovery plan according to the time and space and degree of crisis. According to the experience at home and abroad, establish a multi-dimensional and multi-field case base and expert database for post-disaster reconstruction. For example, the reconstruction in 10 after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, the reconstruction in 6 years after the 9.2/kloc-0 earthquake in Taiwan Province Province in 1999, and the reconstruction in 7 years after the hurricane in New Orleans in 2005 provided blueprints for the post-disaster reconstruction in Wenchuan, China in 2008. In the process of post-disaster reconstruction in Wenchuan earthquake, the government, on the basis of considering the national conditions, reused the advanced experience of international post-disaster reconstruction and explored a post-disaster reconstruction model with China characteristics, which laid the foundation for the rapid advancement of post-disaster reconstruction in Wenchuan.
4. Based on knowledge management technology, some suggestions on the reuse of government information.
The realization of government information reuse based on knowledge management technology cannot be achieved overnight and once and for all. Do a good job in government information management, give full play to the efficiency and role of government information reuse, and realize the maximization of information value and structural optimization, which need to pay attention to several aspects.
4. 1 provides modular knowledge for government information reuse based on information integration.
The basis of government information reuse is the effective integration of information. Information integration is not only a way to form an information system, but also a way of thinking to solve problems. Take the method of information integration, define the horizontal and vertical information flow of government departments, regard the government organization and its environment as a whole, integrate all relevant information elements in the information dimension, and optimize the government information organization. Therefore, while studying the reuse of government information, it is necessary to establish the integration mechanism and framework of government information, which are mainly manifested as: ① the integration of knowledge bases of various government departments; ② Integration of emergency knowledge base and government knowledge base under normal conditions; ③ Integrate government knowledge base, enterprise knowledge base and other social organization knowledge bases. Using knowledge management technology to mine information association and clustering to form a knowledge module, which is convenient for modular reuse of government information.
4.2 Take information sharing as a way to expand the breadth and depth of government information reuse.
The information island existing in various government departments is an important factor affecting the breadth and depth of government information reuse. Therefore, we should actively promote information sharing among government departments and provide more comprehensive and in-depth information support for government information reuse. Using knowledgeable management tools and methods, we can build a government knowledge network. On the one hand, it can be compared with existing information to reduce information redundancy and uncertainty. On the other hand, we can combine social technology acquisition strategies, integrate various knowledge acquisition ways, knowledge acquisition methods and multi-level acquisition subjects, and build a complete knowledge acquisition technology system on the premise of building a government knowledge base platform. Government knowledge network includes internal knowledge network and external knowledge network: ① knowledge acquisition of external knowledge network of government departments. Government departments exist in a physical environment, including humanities, technology and organizational environment. External knowledge networks rely on the collection of government portals and entity departments, and eventually form various basic databases. (2) Knowledge acquisition in the internal knowledge network of government departments. The internal knowledge network of government mainly relies on the connection between personal terminal computers and servers in government departments, and obtains the knowledge of departments and individuals by using departmental forums, e-mails and employee communities. Then the acquired knowledge is analyzed and coded to form formal, structured, visible, readable and audible explicit knowledge, which expands the government knowledge inventory and provides a more comprehensive knowledge reserve for government information reuse.
4.3 Accelerate the development of government knowledge management system and improve the level of information reuse.
The realization of government information reuse needs the assistance of channels, tools and methods of government knowledge network platform. Establishing a knowledge management system supporting government information reuse is the future development and research direction of government information reuse. The framework of the system should be supported by knowledge management technologies and methods such as knowledge mining, knowledge warehouse and knowledge map, and form knowledge base clusters such as case base, expert base, model base and basic database to realize object-oriented, subject-oriented and activity-oriented applications.
5 conclusion
Government information resources play a role in promoting and transmitting in the process of government operation; It plays the role of a think tank in the process of government decision-making, and the efficient management and effective utilization of government information resources has become the key to improve the government's administrative ability. Using knowledge management technology for reference, information can be collected at one time and converted into multiple modes, and it can be used many times at one time, which can improve the efficiency of government information utilization and provide more integrated, standardized and flexible information support for the government.