Straw gasifier is also called straw gasifier, straw gasifier, environmental protection and energy-saving gasifier, straw gasifier, straw gasifier for household use, environmental protection and energy-saving gasifier!
1, what is straw gas?
Straw gas is a kind of combustible gas produced by closed hypoxia, slip pyrolysis and thermochemical oxidation of biomass. This gas is a mixed gas containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane. Also known as biomass gas.
2. What gas components are contained in straw gas?
According to the 65438 straw gas inspection report of Beijing Gas and gas appliance Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Station on October 25th, 2000, the straw gas content is 15.27%, oxygen 3. 12%, nitrogen 56.22%, methane 1.57%.
3. What is the development prospect of straw gas?
In 2003, the first issue of "Solar Energy" magazine "China Plant Biomass Energy Development Prospect" made a prediction, which is summarized as follows:
Plant biomass energy is a huge solar energy warehouse and one of the important "green energy". It can be said that the development and utilization of plant biomass energy is the development and utilization of solar energy. Plant biomass energy is renewable and inexhaustible. Therefore, according to China's national conditions and the development trend of "new thinking, new material science and new technology" in the international community, the green energy conversion technology based on plant biomass conforms to the theme of this century's development-social sustainable development.
According to reports, China energy experts scientifically predicted the development of plant biomass energy in China in the first half of this century in three stages: in the first stage (200 1-20 10), the production capacity of plant biomass energy was basically met, the domestic energy consumption in China was basically solved, the ecological environment damage was effectively controlled, and the deterioration trend of ecological environment caused by direct burning of plant biomass and waste plant biomass was basically curbed; The second stage: (20 1 1-2030), the comprehensive construction of plant biomass energy in rural areas in China has reached socialization, the agricultural plant biomass energy model has been multidimensional and diversified, the energy consumption for production and life has been met, and the plant biomass green energy conversion technology has been widely promoted and applied. With the construction of ecological environment, I began to embark on a virtuous circle; The third stage: (203 1-2050), establish a multi-complementary, reasonable, safe and reliable plant biomass energy production and supply system in China, and form a scale, with high energy efficiency for township enterprises and high energy quality for farmers. We will basically establish an eco-environmental system project that adapts to the virtuous circle of sustainable development and enhance the sustainable development ability of China's comprehensive construction of plant biomass energy.
Professor Zhu Qingshi, a famous scientist and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that it is an urgent task in China's current energy strategy to study the production of liquid and gas fuels from non-grain biomass. Develop practical technologies with independent intellectual property rights and popularization value to ensure the safe development and utilization of plant biomass energy and economic prosperity in China.
4. Where does the straw gas come from?
Farmers can use straw gas from the following two aspects. First, it can be obtained through centralized gas supply for straw gasification projects. Second, biomass can be used for self-production.
Straw gasification projects are generally jointly invested by the state, collectives and individuals. The gasification project of a village (referring to the village where farmers live in concentration) probably needs 500,000-800,000. At present, there are about 200 village-level straw gasification projects in China.
The straw gas produced by farmers for their own use mainly depends on household gas stoves for biomass conversion, with less investment, ranging from 300 yuan to 700 yuan.
5. What is the technical principle of straw gas production?
The mass fraction of carbon in plant biomass (including wood, firewood, weeds, pine needles, crop straws, cattle and sheep manure, edible mushroom residue) is about 40%, followed by hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other elements. The organic components of plant straw are mainly cellulose and hemicellulose, with a mass fraction of 50%. These biomass materials are heated under anoxic conditions, which makes them undergo complex thermochemical reactions and energy conversion processes. The essence of this process is that atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and other elements in plants become molecules of combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen according to the bonding principle of chemical bonds under reaction conditions. So most of the energy in plant biomass is transferred to these gases. The basic reactions include:
Carbon+oxygen = carbon dioxide 2C+ oxygen = carbon dioxide
2H2O+C=CO2+2H2 2CO+O2=2CO2
H2O+ CO = CO2 +H2 CO2+CO2 = CO2.
CH4+CO2=2CO+2H2 C+2H2=CH4
CO+3H2=CH4+H2O 2H2+O2=2H2O
The gasification process of biomass is realized by gasification reaction device (i.e. gasifier).
6. What is the working principle of straw gas production?
The gas-making stove has the functions of gas-making from biomass raw materials, gas purification and automatic separation. When the fuel is put into the furnace for combustion to generate a large amount of CO and H2, the gas is automatically introduced into the separation system for purification procedures such as tar removal, smoke removal and steam dehydration, so as to generate high-quality gas, which is transported to the gas stove through pipelines and ignited (or electronically ignited).
7. What are the classifications of gasifier?
Straw gasifier, also known as biomass gasifier, gas producer, gas producer, etc. , divided into direct combustion (semi-gasification) gasifier and pilot gas (gas producer) gasifier. Among them, the air-guided gasifier is divided into up-draft gasifier, down-draft gasifier and fluidized bed gasifier. Many readers are easily misled by the advertising words of direct-fired and aerated gasifiers. Direct-fired gasifier is suitable for secondary gasification combustion generated by secondary air intake, and air-guided gasifier generates combustible gas combustion by thermochemical reaction principle.
8. What is the development direction of straw gasification technology?
Using biomass instead of burning fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and heavy oil to prepare synthetic liquid fuels such as methanol, gasoline or diesel for transportation can not only meet the growing demand of human beings for liquid fuels, but also effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by the massive use of fossil fuels.
There are two technical ways to prepare synthesis gas from biomass by thermochemical oxidation:
(1) Direct gasification of biomass to produce synthesis gas. The process is as shown in the figure:
biomass
Pyrolysis gasification
Synthetic liquefaction
The difficulty of this method is the transportation and supply of biomass raw materials in syngas plant.
② First, the biomass is pyrolyzed and liquefied into bio-oil, and then the bio-oil is gasified into synthetic gas. The process is as shown in the figure:
biomass
Pyrolysis gasification
Thermal decomposition into bio-oil
Synthetic liquefaction
This method is to establish several biomass liquefaction plants around the synthesis plant, and then transport the liquefied bio-oil to the synthesis gas plant for centralized gasification. This method will be the development direction of straw gas in the future.
9. Gasification technical parameters and environmental protection indicators.
(1), technical index parameters
Hearth (box) fan 30-60W
The gasification efficiency is 57.6%-76.2%, and the charge is 4-5 kg.
When the fuel consumption is 1.84kg/ hour, the gas production speed is 3-5 minutes.
The gas production per unit time is 2.74m3/ hour.
The unit feed gas output for gas production is 1.48-2.2m3/kg.
The low calorific value of calorific value materials is 1804KJ/kg.
The low calorific value of calorific value gas is 70 13KJ/kg.
(2) Environmental protection parameters
National standard value of project detection value
The smoke emission concentration is 28-39 mg/m3120mg/m3.
The average emission speed of smoke and dust is 0.009kg/N 0.096kg/N kg/n/n kg/n.
The emission concentration of SO2 is10-14m/n3/m3 550mg/nm3.
The emission of sulfur dioxide is 0.003 kg/ton and 0.739 kg/ton.
The emission concentration of nitrogen oxides is 30-38mg/nm3 and 240mg/nm3.
The average heat emission rate of nitrogen oxides is 0.008 kg/N 0.2 19 kg/N.
Lingemann concentration is 0.5 and 1.
Second, the production equipment
1 1. What equipment is used for centralized gas supply (straw gas)?
Gasification devices are generally used for centralized gas supply. For example, the "biomass gasifier" produced by Chinese Academy of Forestry and Institute of Forest Products Chemical Industry is FB300-FB 1500 internal circulation conical fluidized bed gasifier. Liaoning Energy Research Institute can provide different series and models of gasification engineering equipment. The number of gas supply households in the centralized gas supply system is 50- 1000 households.
12. What equipment is needed for domestic gas production?
Gasifiers are usually used for household gas production. Gasifiers generally have two types: up-suction type and down-suction type, which are also made by indigenous methods.
13, what equipment does a small workshop need to make a gas stove by hand?
Only one 8- 10KW single-phase welding machine, cutting machine, hand grinding wheel (i.e. grinder) and hand electric drill are needed for manual production of gasifier. The biggest limitation of manual production of gasifier is that it is not easy to maintain. Secondly, the product is rough and has a short service life.
14, what equipment is used in the production of gas furnace gauge?
It is necessary to measure the output of gas furnace equipment, such as cutting machine, pipe winder, lathe, electric welding machine, oxygen cutting machine, drilling machine, grinder, painting machine and cutting machine.
15. What equipment does the assembled gasifier need?
Assembled gas furnace fittings are mainly completed by casting partial pressure. Therefore, its equipment investment is:
(1) foundry (or workshop)
(2) Punches, shearing machines, pipe benders, lathes, drilling machines, electric welding machines, oxygen cutting machines, grinders, grinders, painting machines and cutting machines.
16. What equipment is needed for product assembly?
Gasifier fittings can only be assembled with electric drills and hand grinding wheels. If you don't paint the product by hand, you need a sprayer.
17. What equipment is needed for rough machining of biomass raw materials?
Straw materials in biology can be chopped by hand, and branches and wood blocks (sticks) need wood slicers. At present, it is ideal to make a special slicer before eating.
18. What equipment is needed for fuel crushing?
The fuel used in the gasifier does not need to be pulverized too fine if it is not used for gasification and granular fuel.
The pulverizer includes straw pulverizer and wood (chip) pulverizer.
19. What equipment is needed for biomass pellet fuel?
Wood and straw raw materials are crushed under high pressure within a certain temperature range. Therefore, this machine is called pellet forming machine, and the Institute of Forest Products Chemical Industry of China Academy of Forestry is located in Nanjing, Jiangsu.
20. What equipment is needed to gasify fuel?
Gasified fuel is molded by oscillation or extrusion, so the equipment needs raw material pulverizer, mixer, oscillation or extrusion molding machine.
Third, the production technology
2 1. What is the production process of the first generation up-draft straw gasifier?
First generation gasifier
At the beginning, the technology of this furnace was transferred to many energy companies in Beijing, and the transfer fee reached 0.98-220 thousand yuan. Although there is no product on the market, it has promoted the scientific research process of gasifier.
The furnace is designed as an updraft gasifier based on thermochemical oxidation reaction and high temperature cracking conversion principle. The structure is complex and there are many irregular parts, so it is quite difficult to make. They are all made by welders, and each set costs more than 300 yuan.
Its manufacturing process is not introduced because of the ceramic state of the product, but it can be seen clearly through the sectional view.
22. What are the main defects of the first generation products? (For example, our A-1 product)
This product is expressive and not practical. To use this furnace, it is necessary to have the dryness and granularity of the fuel. If it is sawdust from a lathe factory, and it is relatively dry, it can basically be used, but the time is not long, usually 30-60 minutes, and intermittent combustion is easy to occur due to improper operation. Not if it's sawdust from a wood factory. Therefore, when transferring technology, the transferor will use various excuses to divert attention, and will not let you personally operate and detect the burning time. This is the reason why the product is exemplary and not practical, and it is also the reason why the product has not gone to the market.
The main reason why the furnace is not practical is that the key technology of gasification has not been solved, and the key technology of gasifier lies in scientific oxygen supply and pressure stabilization. The scientific structure of the lower part of furnace body is directly related to the relationship between reasonable oxygen supply and pressure stabilization. In addition, the complex structure is redundant, which increases the difficulty of production workers and increases the cost.
This structure not only solves the key technical part, but also has two fatal factors. First, it is not suitable for mechanized mass production. Second, it is not easy to maintain. Once the airway is blocked or the lining is damaged, it is impossible to maintain it without oxygen cutting equipment and professional workers.
23, the second generation gas furnace product production technology. (For example, our A -2 product)
In fact, the production technology of the second-generation gasifier only removes the complex structural part on the basis of the original generation product (so it is called the second generation), and does not really solve the relationship between scientific oxygen supply and pressure stabilization, so the use effect of the product is similar. (For example, the ash after burning in the furnace is carbon). This manufacturing technology, except for a small number of samples made with iron bars, is mostly popularized by the old oil digging method. The cost is about 300 yuan (including material cost 100 yuan).
Even if this kind of stove can meet the use standard, it can't meet the needs of the market, because it has no commodity value, not to mention that there is no innovation in technical transformation and the use effect has not changed.
24. Production technology of the third generation gasifier: (such as our factory B-1 product)
The third generation gasifier is designed according to the principles of thermochemical oxidation reaction and pyrolysis reaction, and the product has dual functions. That is, the pyrolysis of broken materials and granular materials can produce high-quality gas (blue flame), and the thermochemical oxidation of small pieces of pure wood (about 10 cm long) can produce high-quality gas (purple flame).
25. What are the characteristics of the third generation gasifier that are completely different from the primary products?
① Product structure: assembly type, mass mechanized production, and high product precision.
② Effect: The gas can be used continuously for 90- 180 minutes per 1.5-2 kg feed without stopping gas.
(3) Dual function: high-energy fuel gas can be generated by high-temperature pyrolysis (blue flame) using powdery materials, granular materials and gasified fuel. Using pure wood and straw (cut into 10 minutes), after thermochemical oxidation, gas (purple flame) is produced.
④ Bonding material: the welding rate at the joint of the furnace body is reduced by 65,438+000%, and the whole furnace body is free of welding. Using chemical raw material formula, it will not crack, age and fall off after bonding, and it is easy to remove at high temperature.
⑤ Lightweight products: Each furnace weighs about 46kg, with a height of 90cm and a diameter of 45cm.
⑥ Service life: the service life is longer than 10 year.
26. What are the technological innovation advantages of the third generation gasifier?
1 furnace structure: product assembly type (components are formed by casting or iron plate stamping at one time), and product joints are bonded by special bonding materials. Its advantages are:
First, it can realize mechanized mass production and improve production efficiency and product grade.
B, is conducive to the removal of smoke and tar, and convenient for users to maintain and repair.
Key technology: The main function of gasifier is to make gas. If the gas can't meet the use requirements, it means that the technology is not up to standard, that is to say, there is no breakthrough in key technologies, and the gas generated by primary products is not long and unstable, mainly because the fuel can't be fully oxidized and CO2 can't be reduced well, resulting in smoke, short combustion time and intermittent combustion.
The third generation gasifier has dual functions of thermochemical oxidation reaction and pyrolysis conversion at high temperature. Both coarse and broken materials can be made from pure wood, and the gas can be used continuously for 90-1.5-2kg each time.
3. Sealing cover (i.e. furnace cover): The sealing cover of primary products is easy to leak smoke and gas. When gas leaks, tar flows into the furnace body with the gas, causing secondary pollution. The third generation gasifier can achieve absolute sealing if the sealing time reaches 1 s after long-term use.
27. How to identify and select the third generation gasifier?
Some time ago, some users reported that our products were not assembled properly, and some reported that the joints were leaking. In order to facilitate user identification, the following points are put forward for reference:
(1) predict the use effect, whether it can reach 90- 180 minutes after continuous use.
(2) See if it is assembled and cast.
(3) Whether the bonding material at the joint has cracks and air leakage.
④ Other parts can be tested according to the characteristics of the third generation gas producer.
28. How to confirm the authenticity and practicability of gas stove products (advertisements)?
In the era of economic information, you can not believe advertising information, but you can't believe it all. It depends on how you can tell whether the information is true or not. We have received many letters and calls from customers saying that there are many advertisements for gas stoves now, and I don't know which one is true. In this regard, we provide the following methods for consultants to identify the true and false reference:
(1) The purpose of buying a gas stove is to manufacture and use gas. If this cooker can meet your gas requirements, then this gas cooker is practical. The detection method is very simple, that is, you feed it yourself and use it according to the publicity effect of the data. (For example, the third generation gasifier can be used continuously for 90- 180 minutes) before it can be confirmed.
(2) If the manufacturer refuses to test or change the test object under some excuse, the product is defective.
(3) Many advertisements claim that there are promises of compensation for losses such as "false", "technical distortion" and "inconsistent with the propaganda terms". Taking the advertisement of gas stoves as an example, this paper analyzes these promises: "If there is falsehood", are the technologies, products and demonstration effects of the first and second generation gas stoves false? Of course not. What do you think when you feel cheated after giving birth? Because, his promise, there is no commitment to substantive issues, that is, "practicality and operability." Gas can be used continuously for 90-1.5-2 kg of feed for 80 minutes. If the tourists do it themselves, and the test fails to achieve the publicity effect, they will be responsible for the tourists' round-trip travel expenses or claim damages 1 10,000 yuan. If the product really can't achieve this effect, it can be said that no one has made such a promise.
"If it doesn't meet the advertising terms"-his advertising terms can't include the promise of product quality and continuous gas production time.
Fourth, gasification fuel.
29, sawdust, bamboo chips, wood shavings
Sawdust-the waste of wood processing plants is powder, and the waste of wood processing plants is crumbs, lumps and granules.
Bamboo waste-the waste of bamboo products, in the form of blocks, sheets, granules and powders.
Wood shavings-scraps from furniture factories and brick factories with wooden floors, rolled with leaves.
Instructions for use: The sawdust under the machine is a high-density powder, which can be used alone. The fan should be 80W, otherwise the gas production will be blocked. If 20% wood shavings or rice husk are added, it is an ideal gasification fuel, and sawdust from lathe factory and bamboo shavings from bamboo products factory are also of high quality when used alone. Wood shavings need to be mixed with powder and block materials. When used alone, reduce the air intake (40W fan).
30. Mushroom residue waste.
Mushroom residue waste-including raw materials discarded by fungus bags infected by miscellaneous bacteria and moldy in the production process of edible fungi, followed by the base material of edible fungi after fruiting, can be used to make fuel gas as long as it is naturally dried or dried.
3 1, corncob, straw
Corn cob and corn stalk are high-quality raw materials for gas production. How to use them: directly use corn cob or chopped corn stalk, and the gas will be purple flame. If pulverized into particles or mixed with pulverized materials, the gas will be a blue flame.
32. Rice straw and rice husk
Rice straw is the second largest crop in rice harvest, and its ash content is 14%, which is the highest in rice straw. It can be used to make gas alone, but the gas quality is poor. It is suggested that it should not be used alone, and the proportion of mixed use should not be too large. This material is best used as a component of gasified fuel.
Rice husk is a product of rice processing, which is granular and a good gasification fuel, but the air intake should be controlled.
33. beanstalk
Generally, there are soybeans, mung beans and peanut seedlings. This kind of straw is a high-quality gasification fuel after being chopped or crushed, and its ash content is less, about 2-4%.
34. mourning
Soft weeds can be mixed with firewood or broken materials, and the density required for gas production cannot be achieved by using them alone.
firewood
The firewood is cut into 5- 10 cm for independent use, showing purple flame and blue flame after adding powder. The ash content of firewood is the lowest, only 2%, so it will take ten days and a half to turn into ash.