1 The arts and crafts of the Ming Dynasty can be seen that it has many characteristics of the national style of arts and crafts in China. It is complete, solemn, sincere, generous, lively, gorgeous and full of decorative beauty. This is the complete period of oriental arts and crafts. At the same time, the differentiation of palace crafts and folk crafts has obviously formed two major departments, which show different creative characteristics and aesthetic tastes. The wide application of auspicious patterns in decoration has also become the artistic feature of this period.
Arts and crafts of yuan dynasty's characteristics of the times?
During the nearly one hundred years' rule, the Mongolian aristocrats in Yuan Dynasty did not vigorously develop cultural undertakings. Generally speaking, the culture of this period has three factors: first, the nomadic culture of Mongolian nobles; Second, the long-standing traditional culture of Han nationality; In addition, due to the expansion of territory and exchanges between China and foreign countries, some foreign cultures have not been digested. However, as one of the cultures, arts and crafts, which represent the style of the times, are a bold and wild feature. Arts and crafts are huge, simple and colorful, which shows the heroic aesthetic requirements and life needs of nomadic people. The popularization of cotton picking and the blending development of technology are important contributions in this historical period.
What's the difference between the Six Dynasties portrait brick and the Han Dynasty portrait brick?
1. In Han Dynasty, most portrait bricks were painted with one brick, while in Six Dynasties, it became a large-scale brick-printed mural with integrity and theme, and a theme often consisted of dozens or hundreds of bricks. This kind of large portrait brick is not only difficult to design as a whole, but also difficult to make, which is an expansion of the theme content that cannot be made without high technical level. Portrait bricks of the Six Dynasties were not only popular in the Han Dynasty, but also used for traveling with horses and chariots. Besides animal patterns, lotus flowers, rocks and trees all have a more important position.
The brick portraits of the Six Dynasties show various images with elegant and smooth lines, most of which are bas-reliefs.
It is different from the simplicity of Gu Zhuo in Han Dynasty, but it has exquisite and elegant artistic characteristics.
What are the similarities and differences between Shang and Zhou bronzes?
1, Shang dynasty: gluttonous patterns and animal patterns are the main patterns, as well as palindromes, elephant patterns, fish patterns, bird patterns, cicada patterns and silkworm patterns. Generally, the expression technique of combining the main pattern with the bottom pattern is adopted. That is, the theme is animal face patterns, and palindromes are used as foil to form primary and secondary effects. The pattern organization mostly adopts individual patterns, showing a magnificent artistic atmosphere in a symmetrical way. This format is also suitable for qualified production technology. Zhou dynasty: decorative gluttonous patterns have always been in a secondary position, mostly in the form of two-way continuous patterns composed of stolen patterns, ring patterns and heavy ring patterns. The ground pattern is reduced, and there is no ground pattern, which has simplicity and beautiful rhythm.
Features: Bronzes in Shang Dynasty were mostly used as sacrificial vessels or drinking vessels, and in Zhou Dynasty as ritual vessels or commemorative articles, so there were many long inscriptions, such as praising virtues or rewarding or exchanging noble achievements, marriage and litigation.
Briefly describe the characteristics of the Song Dynasty?
1, Song Dynasty respected Neo-Confucianism, so it was an era that emphasized rationality. Reflected in the style of arts and crafts, it has the characteristics of quiet and elegant, and gives it rational beauty. The top of the shape is generous and intriguing; Tones are mostly cool tones, such as green, green, brown and black, which have a sense of tranquility; Decorations often use rational regular geometric patterns, which are relatively simple and unpretentious. Song Dynasty implemented the policy of worshipping and restraining martial arts, so it was also an era of civil administration. The development of literature and art strongly affects the development of commodity economy, and the production of arts and crafts is gradually moving towards commercialization. In order to expand the social benefits of arts and crafts, it is of great historical significance to consider mass production in production and strive to reduce costs.
Brief Introduction of Arts and Crafts Style in Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an important turning point in the development of arts and crafts in the feudal historical stage of China. As far as the artistic style of arts and crafts is concerned, from the Tang Dynasty, it broke away from the quaint features since Shang, Zhou, Han and Wei Dynasties, but has a modern decorative style.
The characteristics of arts and crafts in Tang Dynasty are: (1) the liberation of human consciousness; (2) Decorate the fun of life. The decoration in the Tang Dynasty changed the traditional characteristics of animal patterns in the past, and began to face the natural life, full of strong interest in life, and got rid of the atmosphere of formality, calmness, mystery and majesty, making people feel free, stretched, lively and cordial. (3) The Tang Dynasty was a period of high development of feudal society in China. People are full of self-confidence and adopt an open strategy, and people's minds have been liberated. This is an important social reason for the pursuit of freshness and freedom in the decoration of arts and crafts in the Tang Dynasty. (4) Application of decorative techniques. There are many glaze colors in ceramic technology, such as sprinkling glaze and flowing glaze. Dyeing and weaving processes include wax valerian, rubbing and other dyeing methods; From the point of view of modeling, more extroverted curves with large radians are used. From the color point of view, the method of color blooming is often used to express the depth of color, which has beautiful artistic effect. From the perspective of decorative patterns, the plant patterns with peony as the theme are exquisite and neat in the early stage, rich and full in the middle stage (prosperous Tang Dynasty) and colorful in performance, and exquisite and simple in the later stage. Rolling grass is one of the most widely used decorative patterns in Tang Dynasty. In short, the artistic style of arts and crafts in the Tang Dynasty is characterized by being broad, fresh, magnificent and full, which can be described by the word "full" and because it is full of interest, it can also be described by the word "clear".
Gold and silver are wrong:
Mosaic with fine gold and silver wires at the scribe line generally forms a geometric pattern combining oblique lines and vortex lines, which results in the contrast of gold, silver and metal luster, curve and straight line, and alternate contrast between reality and reality, which has rhythmic beauty.
Gold plating:
Gold liquid and mercury are dissolved in bronze ware, and mercury is volatilized by friction processing, so that gold is plated on the utensils and the golden light flashes.
Wax loss method:
This is an advanced method for making bronzes and the best method for hollowing out decoration. Carve the vessel shape and decorative pattern with wax, pour mud inside and outside, and inject copper liquid. It can make complex shapes and decorations, and has exquisite artistic effects.
Dark pottery:
Refers to pottery with various patterns pressed by tools before the pottery embryo is dry. This kind of relief line is not deep, and it can only be seen vaguely when there is light, so it is called dark line, also called flower pottery.
Rainbow tube lamp
For example, the famous Changxin Palace Lantern unearthed in Hebei City has created a beautiful image of a lady, holding the lamp in her left hand, holding the lampshade in her right hand and taking the sleeve as the rainbow tube, which is very natural to handle.
Clamping storage:
A kind of lacquer tire making method originated in the Warring States period, which is made of lacquer ash and linen. First make a tire with paint ash, and then paste linen on the tire. Clamping can increase and change the shape of the device, and obtain more shapes than sawdust. This practice is now called "born out"!
Transparent mirror
Among the bronze mirrors of the Han Dynasty, there is also a peculiar bronze mirror, the so-called transparent mirror. The transparent mirror was invented in the Western Han Dynasty. Like ordinary lenses, bronze mirrors are not really light-transmitting boxes, that is, boxes, often as many as nine or eleven children. In a big round box, many small boxes with different shapes can be accommodated, which saves space and is beautiful and harmonious.
Tiger season white plate
According to the inscription on the plate, we can know that this plate is a great musical instrument of the Zhou Dynasty. The commemorative item given by Hu Bai when he was ordered to make meritorious service was named Tiger White Card. It is about 82 cm long, 82.7 cm wide and 4 1.3 cm high. The whole body is annular, which is a typical bronze decoration of Zhou Dynasty. It is also the oldest copper plate ever seen, with inscriptions and lettering on it, and is now in the Chinese History Museum.
Gu xiu
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, some scholars lived in Luxiang Garden in Shanghai. Gu Jia has been good at embroidery for generations and is called "Gu Embroidery". Its residence is Luxiang Garden, so it is also called "Luxiang Garden Embroidery". This kind of painting embroidery does not imitate the original work truthfully, but combines the characteristics of embroidery and is rich in decorative effect. Gu embroidered flowers, figures, feathers, mountains and rivers, "the split silk is too thin, and the needle is as fine as a milli." Therefore, it became famous for a while and was valued by people. This kind of work is mainly to make appreciation, which is highly praised and praised by literati, so it has a great influence at that time and is the representative of embroidery technology.
Secret color device
Mainly celadon. Its burning place is Shanglin Lake in Yuyao, Zhejiang. Because it is a tribute, it is made of porcelain, and it is very decorative. Generally, block printing is adopted, and the decorative themes are very extensive. The lines are washed and the patterns are lively, which embodies the high level of ceramic decoration art in the Five Dynasties.
Bai Tao
(1) Slave owner's (2) is similar in shape and decoration to bronze ware.
(3) made of kaolin
Glazed pottery takes kaolin as raw material, and its glaze color is green, brown and yellow, and the tire is hard and gray. Academic circles call this kind of glazed pottery the original porcelain.
Kos weaving
A unique silk handicraft in China, when weaving weft, leave a place to make up the picture, and then make up it with threads of various colors. It looks like a block painting after weaving, also called lettering!
Tangsancai ceramic
It is a kind of colored glazed pottery with low temperature lead glaze. Because it is often decorated with yellow, green, brown and other colored glazes, it forms various colorful glazes such as flowers, dots or geometric patterns on utensils, so it is called tricolor!
Honeysuckle pattern
Weigh the grass. A popular plant pattern in the Six Dynasties. Some people think it is the change of branches and leaves of honeysuckle, while others think it is the evolution of lotus leaves. The pattern of honeysuckle in the Six Dynasties was fine and stylized, generally divided into three leaves and one leaf arranged oppositely. But the changes are also varied, including simple leaves and Shuang Ye; There are two leaves in the right direction and two leaves in the opposite direction. Some people think that this pattern comes from modern times, but in fact, the side decoration of bronze mirrors in Han Dynasty in China is called cirrus pattern, which is the predecessor of this scroll pattern. In the Tang dynasty, it evolved into a complex rolling grass, also known as vanilla in modern times.
A jade garment/suit sewn with gold thread
Also known as "Jade Seal" or "Jade Box", it is a special burial suit for senior nobles in Han Dynasty after their death. The head of the jade garment is a set, and the face cover depicts the images of eyes, nose and mouth. The chest, back and sleeves of the coat are separated, the trouser legs are separated, the hands are five fingers, and the feet are shoes and boots. Dou Wan's jade clothes are women's jade clothes, which are slightly different from those worn by Liu Sheng. Liu Sheng's jade clothes are all made of gold thread. The jade pieces on the back of Dou Wanyu's clothes are relatively large and connected by ribbons. Besides pink, there are golden braids.
Glaze red:
Painting flowers on the tire with copper material is a one-time firing, which belongs to underglaze color like blue and white. Only the shades of red and blue are different.
Soda loss
Probably translated from Persian school, it refers to a silk fabric with gold, which is woven with gold thread.
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