Independence Day: 165438+ 10/01(1975).
National Day: 165438+ 10/01(1975).
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag land consists of two parallel rectangles, red and black. In the middle of the flag is a crossed golden arc gear and a machete. There is a golden five-pointed star between the curved gear and the machete. Black is a celebration of the African continent; Red represents the blood of martyrs who fought against the colonists. The five-pointed star represents the cause of internationalism and progress, and the five corners symbolize unity, freedom, justice, democracy and progress. Gears and machetes symbolize the unity of workers, peasants and soldiers, and represent the commemoration of the peasants and soldiers who fought in the early uprising.
National emblem: round. The circular surface is light blue, and the circumference is composed of gears and patterns of Angola's main agricultural products, such as corn, cotton, coffee and green branches. The junction of Xiadang and Lvzhi is an open book, which symbolizes the important role of education and culture in national development. Above the book is the rising sun in Ran Ran, Ran Ran, symbolizing this young country; The light of the sun crosses with hoes and machetes, symbolizing internationalism and people's eternal progress; Above it is a yellow five-pointed star with the same meaning as the national flag. The yellow ribbon at the bottom says "Angola and the Republic" in Portuguese.
State dignitaries: President José Eduardo dos Santos, who has been president since September 1979.
Physical geography: It is located in the southwest of Africa, bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo in the north, Zambia in the east, Namibia in the south and Atlantic Ocean in the west, with a total coastline of1.650km.. Area 1246700 km2. Most of the country is a plateau above 1000 meters above sea level, with high terrain in the east and low terrain in the west, and the Atlantic coast is a plain area. Mount Kebi in the midwest is 2620 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the United States. The main rivers are Kubango River, Kuanza River, Kunene River and Kuando River. Congo River (Zaire River) in the north is the boundary river between Angola and Congo (formerly Zaire). Most of the country has a tropical grassland climate, while the south has a subtropical climate. Although Angola is close to the equator, due to its towering terrain and the influence of the Atlantic cold current, the highest temperature does not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and the annual average temperature is 22 degrees Celsius, so it has the reputation of "the country of spring".
Population: about140,000. It is mainly composed of more than 30 tribes such as Ouwendu, Mbundu, Bagongo and Ronda. The official language is Portuguese, and each major tribe has its own national language. 49% of the residents believe in Roman Catholicism, 13% believe in Protestantism. Most other residents believe in primitive religions.
Capital: Luanda, population about 4 million (2004).
Brief History: During the Middle Ages, Angola belonged to Congo, Ndongo, Matamba and Ronda. The Portuguese colonial fleet first arrived in Angola in 1482, invaded the Kingdom of Ndongo in 1560, and established Luanda in 1576. At the Berlin Conference 1884- 1885, Angola was classified as a Portuguese colony. Portugal occupied all the territory of Angola. 195 1 year, Portugal changed Angola into an "overseas province" and sent a governor to rule. After the mid-1950s, the Angolan People's Liberation Movement (MPLA), the Angolan People's Liberation Front (NPFL) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) were established one after another. 1961February 4th, the "People's Movement for Angola" began its armed struggle. 1975 65438+ 10/0/5. The above three organizations and the Portuguese government reached the Arbour Agreement on Angola's independence. On June 65438+1October 3 1 day, three Angolan organizations and Portuguese authorities formed a transitional government. Soon, armed conflicts broke out between SPLM, ANLF and UNITA, and the transitional government disintegrated in August. On June 5438+0975,165438+1October 10, the Portuguese authorities announced that "power will be transferred to the Angolan people". On June165438+1October 1 1 day, the People's Movement of Angola announced the establishment of the People's Republic of Angola, with Agosti Newt Neto as President. 1976 "An Renyun" defeated "Anlun" troops and drove "UNITA" troops out of the city. 1In August 1992, the Angolan Parliament decided to change the country name to Angola.
Politics: The current Constitution was promulgated in 1975, 1 1, 1978, 1, 19 1. The constitution provides for a multi-party system. * * * President People's Republic of China (PRC) is elected for a term of five years and can be re-elected. The president is also the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President has the power to promulgate or repeal laws, declare a state of war or peace, and appoint and dismiss government ministers, senior military generals, governors, attorneys general, judges of the Supreme Court, etc. The Constitution also stipulates that Angola will not join any international military organization, nor will it allow foreign countries to establish military bases on its own territory. The National Assembly of Angola is the highest legislative body in the country, and its power is separated from that of the government. Courts and judges have the right to exercise judicial power independently. 1in August 1992, the parliament decided to change the name of the country from "People's Republic of Angola" to "Republic of Angola"; "People's Assembly" was changed to "National Assembly"; Courts at all levels have deleted the word "person".
Economy: Angola is rich in resources. The proven mineral resources include oil, natural gas, diamonds, iron, copper, gold, timely and marble. Petroleum industry is the pillar industry of Angola's national economy. In 2004, the daily output of oil was 6.5438+200,000 barrels. Diamonds and other minerals play an important role in the Angolan economy. In 2004, the output value of diamonds was about 800 million US dollars. An forest covers an area of 53 million hectares (coverage rate is about 40%), producing valuable wood such as ebony, African white sandalwood and rosewood. Angola has fertile land, dense rivers and great potential for developing agriculture. The main cash crops are coffee, sugarcane, cotton, sisal, peanuts and so on. The main crops are corn, cassava, rice, wheat and beans. Angola is also rich in fishery resources, earning tens of millions of dollars from the export of fishery products every year.
Country name: Republic of Burundi.
Independence Day: July 1 (1962)
National Day: July 1 (1962)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. Two crossed wide white stripes divide the flag into four triangles, the upper and lower two are equal and red; Left and right are equal, which is green. The center of the flag is a white round ground with three red hexagonal stars on it, and the green edges are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Red symbolizes the blood of the victims who fought for freedom, green symbolizes the expected progress, and white represents the existence of human peace. The three stars symbolize "unity, labor and progress", and also represent the three tribes in Burundi-Hutu, Tutsi and Twa, and their unity.
National emblem: It's a coat of arms. The red shield is painted with the head of a golden lion, and three spears are crossed behind the shield emblem. The white ribbon below says "unity, labor and progress" in French.
State dignitaries: President Pierre Nkurunziza was elected on August 19, 2005 and was sworn in on August 26th.
Physical geography: covers an area of 27,800 square kilometers. Located on the south side of the equator in central and eastern Africa. It borders Rwanda in the north, Tanzania in the east and south, Congo (DRC) in the west and Lake Tanganyika in the southwest. There are many plateaus and mountains in the territory, most of which are composed of plateaus on the east side of the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, with an average elevation of 1.600 meters, which is known as the "mountain country". The Nile Mountains in western Congo run through the north and south, forming a central plateau with an altitude of more than 2,000 meters, which is the watershed between the Nile and Congo River (Zaire River). Rift zone is relatively flat. There are many river networks in the territory. The larger rivers are Ruzizi River and Malagaraxi River, and Ruwuu River is the source of the Nile. The lowlands of Lake Tanganyika, the western valley and the east are all savanna climate. The central and western regions have a tropical mountainous climate.
Population: 7.34 million (2004), composed of Hutu (85%), Tutsi (13%) and Tewa (2%). Kirundi and French are the official languages. Among the residents, 57% believe in Catholicism, 10% believe in Protestantism, and the rest believe in primitive religion and Islam.
Capital: Bujumbura, population 400,000 (2000). The average annual temperature is about 22 to 26℃.
Brief history:/kloc-A feudal kingdom was established in the 6th century. 1890 became "Germany East Africa Protected Area". 19 16 was occupied by the Belgian army. 1922 became the mandated territory of Belgium. 1946 12 The United Nations General Assembly entrusted Burundi to Belgium. 1962 On June 27th, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on Burundi's independence at its16th session. 1 On July 27th, Burundi declared its independence and implemented a constitutional monarchy, which was called the Kingdom of Burundi. 1966165438+1On October 28th, Prime Minister Micombero launched a coup, deposed Ntare V, announced the establishment of Burundi, and became president and prime minister. 1 976165438+1October1A group of officers headed by Colonel Bagaza, First Deputy Chief of Staff, overthrew the Micombero regime and declared the establishment of the Second Republic, with Bagaza as Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Committee and President of the Republic. 1In August 1984, Burundi held a national election and Pakistan was elected president. 1In September, 987, Major Buyoya staged a coup, overthrew the Bagaza regime, and set up a military commission for national salvation, with Buyoya as the chairman of the military commission and People's Republic of China (PRC) as the chairman. Announce the suspension of the constitution. 1In August 1988, bloody riots broke out in the northern region, resulting in more than 5,000 deaths and more than 40,000 people fleeing to neighboring Rwanda. After the riots subsided, President Buyoya announced the establishment of the "National Unity Consultative Committee", and in June 65438+1October 65438+September of the same year, he reorganized the government and added the Prime Minister. 1In May 1990, the government promulgated the Draft Charter of National Unity. 12 In February, the Burundi National Unity Progressive Party held a special congress and adopted the Draft Constitution of National Unity, with Tutsi and Hutu tribes forming a new central committee in half to replace the original highest authority-the Military Committee for Salvation. The third constitution of Burundi since its independence was promulgated and implemented. According to the Constitution, Bulgaria has a multi-party system and separation of powers. The president is elected by universal suffrage, with only one name and two rounds of elections. The term of office is five years, renewable once. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and is responsible to the President and the Parliament. Progress has been made in the power-sharing negotiations among Burundi factions.
Country name: Republic of Benin
Independence Day: August 1 (1960)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of about 3: 2. The left side of the flag is a green vertical rectangle, and the right side is two parallel and equal horizontal rectangles, with yellow on the top and red on the bottom. Green symbolizes prosperity, yellow represents the land and red represents the sun. Green, yellow and red are also pan-African colors.
National emblem: the central pattern is the coat of arms. There are four patterns on the shield: the ancient castle in the upper left corner, the cross medal in the upper right corner, the palm tree in the lower left corner and the sailing fleet in the lower right corner. There is a leopard on each side of the coat of arms; There are two horns at the top, filled with whole-grain corn, symbolizing fertility; The ribbon at the bottom says "Friendship, Justice and Diligence" in French.
State dignitaries: President Thomas Boni Yayi was sworn in in April 2006.
Physical geography: area 165438+2000 square kilometers. Located in south-central West Africa, it borders Nigeria in the east, Burkina Faso and Niger in the northwest and northeast, Togo in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the south. Coastline length125km. The whole territory is long and narrow in north and south, narrow in south and wide in north. The southern coast is a plain with a width of about 100 km. The central part is an undulating plateau with an altitude of 200-400 meters. Mount taccola in the northwest is 64 1 m above sea level, which is the highest point in China. Mei Wei is the largest river in China. The coastal plain has a tropical rain forest climate, and the north-central part has a tropical grassland climate with high temperature and rainy weather.
Population: 6.6 million (2002). * * * More than 60 tribes. Mainly Fang, Yoruba, Aga, Baliba, Boer and Songba. The official language is French. The languages widely used in China are Fang, Yoruba and Baliba. 65% of the residents believe in traditional religions, 15% in Islam and about 20% in Christianity.
Capital: porto-novo, seat of the National Assembly, with a population of 300,000. Cotonou, where the government is located, has a population of 700,000.
Brief history: Portuguese colonists began to trade slaves in coastal areas in 1580. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/7th century, Abomey and other kingdoms were formed in the south. 1670 French invasion. 1894 became a French colony. 1 August 1960,1independence, the Republic of Dahomey was founded. After independence, political turmoil, five military coups, 12 changes of heads of state. 1972 10 10 On 26th October, a young officer headed by Major kerekou, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army, staged a coup, overthrew the three-member presidential committee chaired by Amad Ube, and established a military government. Kerekou was the chairman and chairman of the National Revolutionary Committee. 1975165438+1On October 30th, the country name was changed to the People's Republic of Benin, and on March 30th, 1990 1 day, it was changed to the Republic of Benin. Benin bronze culture: a wonderful work of African art
Politics:1990 65438+On February 2nd, the seventh constitution in Benin's history was passed by referendum. The Constitution stipulates the establishment of a "pluralistic democratic country with legal system", the principle of separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers and the presidential cabinet system. The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He is elected by direct universal suffrage for a term of five years and can be re-elected once. Parliament, called the National Assembly, is the highest legislative body, which implements a unicameral system, exercises legislative power and supervises government work. Members are elected by direct universal suffrage for a term of four years and may be re-elected, but they may not hold other public offices.
Economy: one of the least developed countries announced by the United Nations. The economy is backward and the industrial base is weak. Agriculture and entrepot trade are two pillars of the national economy. Lack of resources. Mineral resources mainly include oil, natural gas, iron ore, phosphate, marble and gold. Natural gas reserves are 9 1 100 million cubic meters. Iron ore reserves are about 506 million tons. There are abundant fishery resources, and there are about 257 species of marine fish. The forest area is 3 million hectares, accounting for 26.6% of the national territory. The industrial base is weak, the equipment is outdated and the production capacity is low. Mainly in the food processing, textile and building materials industries. The cultivated land is 8.3 million hectares, and the actual cultivated land area is insufficient 17%. The rural population accounts for 80% of the national population. Food is basically self-sufficient. The main food crops are cassava, yam, corn and millet. Cash crops include cotton, cashew nuts, palm trees and coffee. Tourism is a new industry in Benin, and the government's investment in tourism is increasing. The main tourist attractions are Gonville Water Village, Vader Ancient City, Vader History Museum, Abomey Ancient Capital, Wildlife Park, Evie Sightseeing Garden, Beach, etc.
Country name: Republic of Botswana.
Independence Day: September 30th (1966)
National Day: September 30th (1966)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. There is a wide black stripe across the middle of the flag, two light blue horizontal rectangles up and down, and two thin white stripes between black and light blue. Blacks represent the vast majority of blacks in Botswana; White represents a small population such as white people; Blue symbolizes blue sky and water. The moral of the national flag is that under the blue sky in Africa, blacks and whites unite and live together.
National emblem: the coat of arms in the middle. There are three groups of patterns on the shield surface: the middle part is light blue and white ripples; The following bull's head symbolizes the country's traditional aquaculture and shows the country's economic characteristics; There are three gears on it, symbolizing the cooperation between the countryside and the booming industry. On the left side of the coat of arms is an ivory; On the right is a millet, which symbolizes the country's agriculture. Two African zebras hold arms, ivory and zebra symbolize the country's fauna. The zebra pattern is black and white, symbolizing the harmony between blacks and whites. The ribbon at the bottom says "rain and dew" in the local language, indicating that people hope the weather will be fine.
National dignitaries: festus mogae, president, 1,/kloc-0 took office in April 1998, 1999 10 won the general election. In 2004, he was re-elected in June 5438+10.
Physical geography: the area is 58 1.73 million square kilometers. Landlocked countries in southern Africa. The average altitude is about 1000 meters. It borders Zimbabwe in the east, Namibia in the west, Zambia in the north and South Africa in the south. Kalahari desert is located in the middle of the South African Plateau, with swamps in the Okavango Delta in the northwest and hills around Francistown in the southeast. Most areas have a tropical arid grassland climate, and the west has a desert and semi-desert climate. The annual average temperature is 265438 0℃. The average annual precipitation is 400 mm.
Population: 65,438+640,000 (2005). Most of them are Bantu Tswana (90% of the population). There are eight main tribes in China: Enwato, Kunna, Enwaktze, Tavana, catra, Wright, Luolong and Truck Wa. The Nwato nationality has the largest number, accounting for about 40% of the population. There are about 654.38 million Europeans and Asians. The official language is English, and the lingua franca are Tswana and English. Most residents believe in Protestantism and Catholicism, and some rural residents believe in traditional religions.
Capital: Gaborone with a population of about 65,438+086,000 (2006,5438+0). The annual average maximum temperature is 28.3℃, the annual average minimum temperature is 12.9℃, and the annual average temperature is 20.7℃.
Administrative Districts: China is divided into 10 administrative districts: Northwest, Chobe, Central, Northeast, Hangji, Kalahadi, South, Southeast, Kunnen and Katherine.
Brief history: before independence, it was called Bezina. Tswana people moved here from the north in the 13 ~ 14 century. /kloc-became a British colony in 0/885 and was called "Bethune Reserve". 1966 declared independence on September 30, and changed its name to Botswana * * * and stayed in the Commonwealth. The Democratic Party of Botswana was in power and Kama was president. 1in July, 980, Kama died of illness and Masire took over as president. 1984, 1989, 1994, the Democratic Party won the parliamentary elections one after another, and Masire won the presidency three times. 1998, Masire voluntarily resigned as president. 1 April, mogae took over as president.
Politics: the constitution stipulates a multi-party parliamentary system, with the separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers; The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The President is elected by the National Assembly for a term of five years, with a maximum of two consecutive terms. When the president dies or resigns, the vice president automatically takes over the presidency. The President and the National Assembly form the National Assembly to exercise legislative power; Resolutions and bills passed by the National Assembly must be approved by the President before they can take effect; The President has the power to convene or dissolve the National Assembly. The House of Chiefs is an advisory body of Parliament, consisting of 65,438+05 members, with eight chiefs from eight major tribes serving as life-long ex officio members. Then, the eight chiefs selected four "elected members" from the deputy chiefs in four urban areas designated by the Constitution and those who performed the duties of deputy chiefs for a term of five years; Finally, these 12 people elected three "special election members" from the voters for a term of five years. The duties and powers of the House of Chiefs are limited to some specific matters related to traditional African organizations, such as customary law, African courts, leadership positions, tribal property, appointment and removal of tribal leaders, and constitutional amendments. Before the opening of Parliament every year, the House of Chiefs holds a regular meeting to present bills and bills to Parliament, but they are not binding. When necessary, the Falekaupule may require relevant ministers to explain the situation to the Falekaupule, and ministers may also consult the Falekaupule. The chairman and vice-chairman of the Falekaupule are elected by members. Implement the presidential cabinet system.
Economy: Bo is one of the countries with rapid economic development and good economic conditions in Africa. The pillar industries are diamond industry, cattle industry and emerging manufacturing industry. Rich in mineral resources. The main mineral resources are diamonds, followed by copper and nickel, coal, soda ash, platinum, gold and manganese. Oil exploration is under way. The reserves and output of diamonds are among the highest in the world. The proven copper-nickel ore reserves are 46 million tons, and the coal reserves are 654.38+0.7 billion tons. Since the mid-1970s, the mining industry has replaced animal husbandry as the main sector of the national economy and is one of the most important diamond producing countries in the world. The basic export of diamonds is the main source of national income. There are three major diamond mines: Givanen, Olapa and Letracane. Traditional light industry is mainly based on animal products processing, followed by beverages, metal processing and textiles. In recent years, the automobile assembly industry has developed rapidly and once became the second largest foreign exchange earning industry. Agriculture is relatively backward, and more than 80% of grain is imported. Cultivated land accounts for 15% of the national area, and the planting area accounts for 5% of cultivated land. The main crops are sorghum, corn, millet and cereals. Animal husbandry mainly focuses on raising cattle, and its output value accounts for about 80% of the total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry, which is one of the pillar industries of Bo's national economy. Bo is one of the largest animal products processing centers in Africa, with modern large slaughterhouses and meat processing plants. Bo is a big tourist country in Africa, and a large number of wild animals are the main tourist resources. The government has designated 38% of the country's land as wildlife reserves, and established 3 national parks and 5 wildlife reserves. Okavango inland delta and Chobe National Park are the main tourist spots. Mainly exporting diamonds, automobiles and parts, copper-nickel ore, beef, textiles and soda ash products; Imported automobiles and transportation equipment, machinery and electronic products, food and beverages, metals, chemicals and rubber products, fuels and tobacco.
Country Name: C? te d 'Ivoire * * * People's Republic of China (PRC)
(Republic of C? te d 'Ivoire, Republic of C? te d 'Ivoire)
Independence Day: August 7th (1960)
National Day: 65438+February 7th (1974)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles, which are orange, white and green from left to right. Orange represents the prairie, white represents the unification of the north and the south, and green represents the virgin forest in the south. Orange, white and green are also interpreted as national patriotism, peace and purity, and hope for the future.
National emblem: the central pattern is the coat of arms. There is an African elephant head on the green shield. Ivory is a national symbol, and C? te d 'Ivoire means "Ivory Coast". There is a pattern of the sun on the coat of arms and an oil palm tree on each side, which is one of the main cash crops in the country. The ribbon at the lower end says "C? te d 'Ivoire and the country".
State dignitaries: President Laurent Gbagbo, who took office on 26 October 2000/KLOC-0.
Physical geography: covers an area of more than 320,000 square kilometers. It is located in the west of Africa, bordering Liberia and Guinea in the west, Mali and Burkina Faso in the north, Ghana in the east and the Gulf of Guinea in the south, with a coastline of about 550 kilometers. The terrain slopes slightly from northwest to southeast. There are Manda Mountain and Qiuli Mountain at an altitude of 500- 1000 meters in the northwest, a low plateau at an altitude of 200-500 meters in the north and a coastal lagoon plain below 50 meters in the southeast. Ningba Mountain (Keji border), the highest peak in the whole territory, is1752m above sea level. The main rivers are Bandama River, Como River, sassandra river River and cavalli River. It has a tropical climate. The south of 7 north latitude has a tropical rain forest climate, and the north of 7 north latitude has a tropical grassland climate.
Population: 1865438+ million (2005). There are 69 ethnic groups in China, mainly divided into four major ethnic groups:
Akon (about 42%), Mandi (about 27%), Crewe (about 15%) and Walters (about 16%). Each tribe has its own language, and Dioulah (without writing) is widely used in most parts of the country. The official language is French. 40% of the people believe in Islam, 27.5% in Catholicism, and the rest believe in fetishism.
Capital: Yamoussoukro, political capital, population1.5000 (1.998), located 220km north of Abidjan, is the hometown of the first president after independence. Abidjan, the economic capital, has a population of 3 million (1998). 1983, 12 In March, Keke decided to move its capital to Yamoussoukro, but government agencies and diplomatic missions remained in Abidjan.
Administrative divisions: China is divided into 56 provinces, 197 cities and 198 counties. 199 1 June, the Ministry of Science and Technology divided the whole territory into 10 administrative districts, and each district has several provinces. The governor of the capital of the jurisdiction is responsible for the coordination of the jurisdiction, but it is not a first-level administrative agency. 196 was changed to 12 in July, and changed to 16 in October, and increased to19 in 2000.
Brief history: Ivory Coast 1986 before translation. Before the invasion of western colonists, China established some small kingdoms, such as Miyagi Kingdom, Indore Kingdom and Asini Kingdom. 1 1 century, Gongge City, founded by Mrs. Senu in the north, was one of the north-south trade centers in Africa. In the13-15th century, northern Keke once belonged to the Mali Empire. /kloc-In the second half of the 5th century, Portuguese, Dutch and French colonists invaded one after another. Plunder ivory and slaves, and form a famous ivory market along the coast.
1475, Portuguese colonists named this place C? te d 'Ivoire (meaning Ivory Coast). 1842 became a protectorate of France. 10, the French government passed a decree to determine Keke as an autonomous colony of France. 1895 is classified as French West Africa. 1946 was designated as an overseas territory of France. 1957 became a "semi-autonomous republic". 1958 12 became the "autonomous * * * Republic" within the "isomorphism of France". 1960 declared independence on August 7, but remained in the "French identity". In April, 196 1 broke away from "the same body of France". After independence, Houphout-Boigny, the first president, was re-elected for seven times until/kloc-0 died on February 7, 1993. The beginning and end of the political crisis in C? te d 'Ivoire
Politics: The new constitution adopted by referendum in July 2000 stipulates that the department shall implement the presidential system of the Republic, with the President as the supreme commander of the armed forces and enjoying the highest administrative power, followed by the National Assembly, the Constitutional Commission and the Economic and Social Commission. The new constitution also clearly stipulates the qualifications of presidential candidates, requiring their parents to be Ivorians. The National Assembly is the highest legislative body with a term of five years.
Economy: After independence, a free economic system centered on "free capitalism" and "Ivorianization" will be implemented. In the 1960s and 1970s, the economy developed rapidly, and the gross national product increased by 8% annually, creating an "economic miracle". 1980 GDP reached101900,000 USD, which was 22 times that of 1960 when it was independent. Since 1980s, influenced by the western economic crisis, especially the price of export agricultural products continued to fall, the export income dropped sharply, and the economic situation deteriorated. In order to overcome economic difficulties, 1990- 1993 implemented the "economic stability and revitalization plan", cut administrative expenses, reformed the tax system and privatized it. 1At the beginning of 1994, taking advantage of the fact that the devaluation of CFA francs was beneficial to exports, we continued to implement the "economic stabilization and revitalization plan", vigorously increased exports, and the economy began to recover. From 65438 to 0995, the economic situation continued to improve, and the gross domestic product increased by about 7% for three consecutive years from 65438 to 65438 to 0998. The main mineral deposits are diamonds, gold, manganese, nickel, uranium, iron and oil. The proven oil reserves are about 654.38+0.2 billion tons, natural gas reserves are 654.38+0.56 billion cubic meters, iron ore is 3 billion tons, bauxite is 654.38+0.2 billion tons, nickel is 440 million tons and manganese is 35 million tons. The forest area is 2.5 million hectares. Industrial output value accounts for about 2 1% of GDP. Food processing industry is the main industrial sector, accounting for 35% ~ 40% of all industrial business, followed by cotton textile industry, oil refining, chemical industry, building materials and wood processing industry. In recent years, the output of oil and natural gas has increased rapidly. Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy, and its output value accounts for about 30% of GDP. The export of agricultural products accounts for 66% of the total export revenue. The cultivated land area is 8.02 million hectares, and 80% of the country's labor force is engaged in agricultural production. Cash crops occupy an important position. Cocoa and coffee are two main cash crops, and the planting area accounts for 60% of the cultivated land in China.
A Cocoa production and export both rank first in the world, and export income accounts for 45% of the total national export. Coffee production now ranks fourth in the world and first in Africa. Seed cotton production ranks third in Africa, palm production ranks first in Africa and third in the world. Food is not self-sufficient, mainly corn, millet, sorghum, rice, cassava, yam and so on. Since 1994, the export volume of tropical fruits has also increased, mainly including bananas, pineapples and papaya. Forest resources are abundant, and wood was once the third largest export product. Animal husbandry is underdeveloped. Eggs are basically self-sufficient and half of the meat is imported. The fishery output value accounts for 7% of the total agricultural output value. Attach importance to the development of tourism and tourism resources. The foreign trade surplus in successive years occupies an important position in the national economy. Mainly exporting cocoa, crude oil, coffee, wood, tuna, palm oil, cotton, rubber and so on. And import machinery and equipment, transportation, chemicals, petroleum products, building materials, electrical appliances, food, etc. The main trading partner is France, followed by the Netherlands, Italy, Nigeria, the United States, Germany, Mali, Belgium and Luxembourg. More than 98% of import and export trade is carried out by sea. Abidjan Port is the largest natural port in West Africa and the largest container terminal in Black Africa. It is also the main seaport and distribution center for import and export goods of landlocked countries in West Africa such as Burkina Faso and Mali. The port is well equipped. San Pedro is the second largest port.
Country name: Republic of Congo (Brazzaville).
Independence Day: August 15 (1960)
National Day: August 13 (1963)
National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of three colors: green, yellow and red, with green on the upper left and red on the lower right. A yellow broadband slopes from the lower left corner to the upper right corner. Green symbolizes forest resources and hope for the future, yellow represents honesty, tolerance and self-esteem, and red represents enthusiasm.
National emblem: It is a young black woman. The nameplate reads "Unity, Labor and Progress" in French.
State dignitaries: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso was elected president many times in 2002, 1979, 1984, 1989, 1997.
Physical geography: covers an area of 342,000 square kilometers. Located in central and western Africa, it borders Congo (DRC) and Angola in the east and south, Central Africa and Cameroon in the north, Gabon in the west and Atlantic Ocean in the southwest, with a coastline of over 150 kilometers. The northeast is a plain with an altitude of 300 meters, which is a part of Congo basin. The south and northwest are plateaus with an altitude of 500-1000 m; The southwest is a coastal lowland; The north mountain of Mayong lies between the plateau and the coastal lowlands. Part of Congo River (Zaire River) and its tributary Ubangi River are the border rivers with Congo Gold. The tributaries of Congo River include Sangha River and Likuala River. The Kuiru River enters the sea alone. The southern part has a savanna climate, while the central and northern parts have a rainforest climate with high temperature and humidity.
Population: 3.86 million (2004). It is a multi-ethnic country with 56 nationalities. The largest ethnic group is Congo in the south, accounting for about 45% of the total population; Mbohi people in the north account for16%; The Taikai nationality in the central part accounts for 20%; There are still a few pygmies living in the northern virgin forest. The official language is French. The national languages are Congo and Monokutuba in the south and Lingala in the north. More than half of the residents in China believe in primitive religion, 26% believe in Catholicism, 10% believe in Christianity and 3% believe in Islam.
Capital: Brazzaville, population 950,000 (1996).
Administrative Districts: The whole country is divided into 10 provinces, 6 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 83 counties.
Brief history: At the end of 13 and the beginning of 04+08, Bantu people established the kingdom of Congo in the lower reaches of Congo River. From 65438 to the 5th century, Portuguese, British and French colonists invaded one after another. 1884 the Berlin conference on imperialist partition of Africa divided the east of the Congo River into belgian colonial, which is now Zaire, and the west into a French colony, which is now Congo. 19 10, France occupied Congo.