Transportation is one of the core businesses of logistics and an important function of logistics system. The choice of transportation mode is of great significance to logistics efficiency. When deciding the mode of transportation, we must weigh the transportation service and transportation cost required by the transportation system.
Benchmarks that can be judged from the service characteristics of transportation machines and tools: freight, transportation time, frequency, transportation capacity, cargo safety, time accuracy, applicability, flexibility, network and information, etc.
2. Storage function
In the logistics system, warehousing and transportation are equally important components. The warehousing function includes a series of activities such as stockpiling, management, storage, maintenance and maintenance of goods entering the logistics system.
The role of warehousing is mainly manifested in two aspects:
One is to ensure that the use value and value of the goods are in good condition, and the other is to preserve the goods for distribution to users and necessary processing activities in the logistics center.
With the development of economy, logistics has entered the era of multi-variety, small-batch, multi-batch and small-batch, and the storage function has gradually changed from focusing on storage efficiency to focusing on how to carry out distribution operations smoothly.
3. Packaging function
In order to deliver the goods in the logistics process to users intact and meet the requirements of users and customers, most goods need to be packaged in different ways and degrees. Packaging is divided into industrial packaging and commodity packaging.
The function of industrial packaging is to separate products into units, facilitate transportation and protect the goods in transit. The purpose of commodity packaging is to facilitate the final sale. Therefore, the function of packaging is embodied in several aspects, such as re-protection, unification, convenience and commodity advertising. The first three items belong to the logistics function, and the last one belongs to the marketing function.
4, loading and unloading handling function
Loading and unloading is a necessary logistics activity matched with transportation and storage, an intermediate link of logistics activities such as transportation, storage, packaging, distribution and processing, and also an intermediate link of loading and unloading activities such as inspection, maintenance and maintenance and other activities such as loading and unloading, transshipment, sorting and classification of goods in storage.
5. Assign processing functions
The function of distribution processing is the function of processing goods to make them undergo physical or chemical changes in order to promote product sales, maintain product quality and realize logistics efficiency during the process of goods flowing from production to consumption.
This further auxiliary processing of commodities in the circulation process can make up for the shortage of processing degree in the production process of enterprises, material departments and commercial departments, meet the needs of users more effectively, better connect production and demand, and rationalize the circulation process. It is an important value-added service in logistics activities and an important trend of modern logistics development.
6. Distribution function
The distribution function can be set in the form of centralized inventory in the logistics center and * * * distribution with goods, so that users or clients can realize zero inventory in the logistics center and rely on timely delivery, without leaving their own inventory or only a small amount of insurance reserves, thus reducing the input of logistics costs. Distribution is one of the most important features of modern logistics.
7. Information service function
Modern logistics relies on information technology to ensure the normal operation of logistics system. The information service functions of logistics system include planning, forecasting, dynamic information (quantity, receipt, delivery and storage) and cost information, production information and market information activities related to the above functions.
The management of financial logistics information activities requires the establishment of information systems and channels, the correct selection of information subjects and the ways of collecting, summarizing, counting and utilizing information to ensure its reliability and timeliness.
The main functions of information service function are: shortening the time from order acceptance to delivery; Appropriate inventory; Improve the efficiency of handling operations; Improve transportation efficiency; Make it easier to accept and send orders; Improve the accuracy of order processing; Prevent delivery and distribution errors; Adjust demand and supply; Provide information consultation, etc.
Extended data:
Logistics elements
I. General elements
1, the human element refers to the laborer, which is the core element of all systems and the first element of the system.
2. Financial elements refer to the indispensable funds in logistics. Capital is the driving force of all enterprise systems.
3. Material elements include the labor objects of the logistics system, that is, all kinds of physical objects.
4. Information elements include information that needs to be processed by the logistics system, that is, logistics information.
Second, functional elements.
The functional elements of logistics system refer to the basic capabilities of logistics system. These basic abilities are effectively combined and linked together, and become the overall function of the logistics system, so that the overall purpose of the logistics system can be realized reasonably and effectively.
It mainly includes transportation, warehousing, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution and processing, distribution, logistics information and other elements.
Third, the flow factor.
1, fluid, namely "thing";
2. Carrier, that is, the equipment that carries "things" and the facilities where these equipment operate, such as cars and roads;
3. Flow direction, that is, the direction of "things" transfer;
4. Flow, that is, the quantitative expression of logistics;
5. Process, that is, the quantitative expression of logistics path, that is, the mileage of logistics;
6. Flow rate, that is, the speed of fluid flow;
7. Flow efficiency, that is, the efficiency and benefit, cost and service of fluid flow.
In the process of logistics, none of these seven mobile elements can be less, and they are all related.
Fourth, supporting factors.
1. system: it determines the structure, organization, leadership and management of the logistics system, the control, command and management of the country, and the status and category of this system, which is an important guarantee for the logistics system.
2. Laws and regulations: The operation of logistics system inevitably involves the rights and interests of enterprises and people. On the one hand, laws and regulations restrict and standardize the activities of the logistics system, making it coordinated with the larger system, on the other hand, they provide protection.
3. Important supporting factors that determine the normal operation of the logistics system.
4. Standardization system is an important supporting condition to ensure the coordinated operation of logistics links and the technical connection between logistics system and other systems.
5. Business habits: Providing services to satisfy customers is the basic requirement for the whole logistics system. Knowing business habits will make the logistics system always run around customers and achieve the purpose of the enterprise.
Five, the basic material elements
1. Infrastructure: it is the basic material condition for organizing the operation of logistics system, including logistics stations, logistics centers, warehouses, logistics lines, buildings, highways, railways, ports, etc.
2. Logistics equipment is the condition to ensure the operation of the logistics system, including warehouse shelves, warehouse access equipment, processing equipment, transportation equipment, loading and unloading machinery, etc.
3. Logistics tools: the material conditions for the operation of the logistics system, including packaging tools, maintenance tools and office equipment.
4. Information technology and network: means to master and transmit logistics information, including communication equipment and lines, fax equipment, computers and network equipment according to different information levels.
5. Organization and management: it is the "software" of the logistics system, which plays the role of connecting, scheduling, planning, coordinating and commanding other elements to ensure the realization of the logistics system.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Logistics System