Shanghai nuoyue information consultation center

The earliest communication records in China came from Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins. Yin is the Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin Shang. The capital of Yin is now Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, tortoise shells and animal bones were dug up here and engraved with words, which were later called Oracle Bone Inscriptions. According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions, during the Pan Geng period of Shang Dynasty (about 1400 BC), Xu bian reported the military situation to the emperor, and there were two houses of "playing drums". After textual research, "Laigu" is similar to today's reconnaissance signal soldiers. There is also a record of "simplified books" in the ancient book "Waiting for Classics", which is an official emergency document engraved with animal bones and passed by signal soldiers. "Jian Shu" originated in the late Yin Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty (BC12nd century-BC 1 1 century), which is the predecessor of postal service. The correspondence between post station and beacon tower stems from the political and military needs of slave countries. According to historical records, in the era of Zhou Youwang 2700 years ago, there was a method of communication by using beacon towers. There is a story about beacon communication called Daughter Laughs. The central idea of the story is that Zhou Youwang has a lovely princess who praises her. Although she is beautiful, she refuses to smile easily. To this end, Zhou Youwang made a reward: "Whoever can make the empress laugh will be rewarded with one thousand Jin of gold" (copper was called gold at that time). So someone came up with a way to light a bonfire, hoping to get a smile from the queen. One night, Zhou Youwang boarded the tower with a lovely princess and ordered bonfires to be lit everywhere. When the neighboring governors saw the bonfire, they thought that Xirong (a tribe in the west at that time) was attacking, so they led the troops to the city gate to rescue them, but they saw bright lights and loud drums. I didn't know it was a funny thing that Zhou Youwang made fun of the queen until I asked. Every Norhou dared to be angry and dare not speak, so he had to retreat back to camp in anger. Big sister saw it and really smiled indifferently. But not long after, Xirong really attacked. Although the bonfire was lit, no reinforcements arrived. As it turns out, the governors think that Zhou Youwang is doing the same thing again. As a result, Xirong captured the castle and killed Zhou Youwang, thus destroying the surrounding area. This historical story not only vividly depicts the use of beacon communication at that time, but also warns future generations not to take communication seriously no matter who and when the enterprise is. Using beacon towers to transmit information is faster, but it can only play the role of alarm, which is difficult to meet the needs of grasping the enemy's situation and commanding operations. Therefore, with the development of society and the needs of politics and military affairs, from "Laigu" in Shang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty, a relatively strict postal system for delivering government documents was gradually formed, and it complemented and cooperated with beacon towers. After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 BC1year), he practiced Chidao all over the country, "cars are on the same track, books are in the same language", established a network of post stations centered on Xianyang, the capital of China, and formulated post laws, such as how to bind bamboo slips, seal them with ink, seal them for confidentiality, etc. How to supply food and grass for postal personnel; How to receive past officials and servants. By 1960, the postal service had formed the earliest postal law in China. The postal service in Han Dynasty inherited the system of Qin Dynasty, and its unified name was "postal service". It is stipulated that five miles is one, ten miles is a pavilion, and three miles is set. With the formation of the "Silk Road", postal services have also reached India, Myanmar, Persia and other countries. By the Tang Dynasty, postal services had developed greatly. There are more than 65,438+0,600 land post offices, water post offices and land post offices in China. It also stipulates the itinerary and has a performance appraisal and inspection system. When performing tasks, the postal department carries with it "mail roll" or "letter card" and other identity documents. In the Song Dynasty, due to frequent wars, there were a large number of military emergency official documents, which required fast and safe. As a result, the postman served by the civilian worker was changed to a soldier, and an "express delivery shop" was added, with three kinds of gold, silver and bronze medals. The gold medal travels 500 Li a day, the silver medal 400 Li and the bronze spleen 300 Li. Carry out the relay of changing people and horses at each station. In the Yuan Dynasty, due to the expansion of military scope and territory, there were 1496 post stations in the whole country, and the post stations were renamed as post stations. In the Ming Dynasty, on the basis of following the old system, due to the increasingly developed maritime traffic, the headquarters and seven voyages to the West were established, and a maritime post office was also opened. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, there were more than 0/600 official post stations/KLOC-,with more than 70,000 postmen and more than 40,000 post horses, which were under the charge of the Ministry of War. /kloc-after the middle of the 0/9th century, the funds of the post office were mostly filled by officials' corruption, and the post office administration was abandoned. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, modern postal services were gradually emerging, and the role of post stations was gradually disappearing. Therefore, in 19 13, 1, Beiyang government announced the cancellation of all post stations. Postal system originated from slave countries, prevailed in feudal society, and ended with the decline of feudal system. Although the communication between post and beacon tower was the imperial tool of feudal dynasty, it was also the beginning of organized communication in China. It not only occupies a certain position in the history of postal communication in China, but also makes an important contribution to promoting social progress and human civilization.