What changes have taken place in the territory of Qin and Han Dynasties?

Territory of Qin Dynasty: In the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), that is, one year before the unification of the six countries, Fujian, Vietnam and Dongou were located in the southeast, and Minzhong County was located among them, including Fujian province and southeast Zhejiang. In thirty-three years (2 14 BC), South Wuling merged with South Vietnam to establish Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangsan counties, which are equivalent to today's Guangdong and Guangxi provinces; Drive Xiongnu in the north, expand to Yinshan, and open Hetao area to Jiuyuan County. As a result, Yan, Zhao and Qin Changcheng in the Warring States were rebuilt and connected, forming Qin Changcheng stretching for thousands of miles from Lintao to Liaodong. History records the territory at that time, "East to the sea and Korea, west to Lintao and Zhong Qiang, south to Hu Xiang south of the Tropic of Cancer, north to Sai, and Yinshan to Liaodong." In addition, Qin Shihuang also opened Wuchi Road to the southwest, roughly from Yibin, Sichuan to Qujing, Yunnan, and controlled local tribal countries such as Qiong, □ and Ran □. And extend the regime to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. At the end of Qin Dynasty, the peasant uprising was followed by the Chu-Han War, and the Central Plains was in turmoil. Xiongnu in the north took the opportunity to go south and recaptured Henan land developed by Qin Dynasty, which was "bordered by China", that is, the border between Chaona (now southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia) and Pumice (now southeast of Yulin, Shaanxi) and Han Dynasty. Fujian, Guangdong, Fujian, Middle East and Ou became independent one after another, and Longchuan in Nanhai County made Zhao Tuo the king of South Vietnam, which owned the land of Lingnan, including Guilin and Xiang Jun in the west after Qin's death. In the southwest, it not only lost control of Yunnan, but also gave up the county in central Guizhou, which was set up in western Hunan and eastern Guizhou during the Warring States period. Therefore, the territory of the late Qin dynasty and the early Han dynasty was not only smaller than that of the Qin dynasty, but also smaller than that of the late Warring States period.

The territory of the Han Dynasty: After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, all the governors with different surnames were removed first, and then the rebellion of Lv Hou and the Seven Kingdoms. The political situation in the country is turbulent and there is no time to take care of border defense. Henan was returned to the Huns. South Vietnam, Fujian and central Guizhou also gave up. The land has shrunk dramatically. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the martial arts in the Western Han Dynasty flourished and its territory expanded greatly. In 127 BC, Wei Qing attacked Xiongnu in the north, recovered northern Henan, Longxi, Beidi and Shang Jun, and set up Shuofang and Wuyuan counties. The northern boundaries of Yunzhong and Yanmen counties also expanded outward. The northern boundary of the Western Han Dynasty was pushed to the Hetao north of Yinshan Mountain. 12 1 years ago, the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing out of Longxi to wipe out the Xiongnu tribes living in the Hexi Corridor and set up Jiuquan County on its land. Later, it was divided into Zhangye, Dunhuang and Wuwei counties. Together with Jincheng County, set up five counties of Hecheng and Hexi in Huangshui River Basin. 138 years ago, under the threat of the king of Fujian and Yue, the king of Dongou moved to the present Jianghuai Valley. 1 10 years ago, the Han Dynasty destroyed Fujian and Yue. 1 1 1 years ago, the Han Dynasty leveled South Vietnam, occupied Hainan Island and established ten counties. In the southwest, the Han Dynasty conquered other countries, and the border moved to Ailao Mountain and Gaokm Mountain in Yunnan. Wei and North Korea destroyed Northeast China and established four counties in Northeast China. Great changes have taken place in the border areas. Establish a capital protection government in the western regions to control countries in the western regions. In the late Western Han Dynasty, the territory shrank. Fan Zhen and Lintun counties were cancelled in Northeast China. Southwest changed from seven counties to five counties, giving up Hainan Island and Xiang Jun. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Central Plains was constantly at war. Then I gave up six counties: Dingxiang, Yunzhong, Wuyuan, Shuofang, Shang Jun and Beidi. Hetao, northern Shaanxi, northwestern Shanxi and northern Hebei successively gave up. Koguryo and Lin Yi occupied the land in northeast and south China of China. Only the southwest region extends to Dayingjiang region. Eastern Han Dynasty: At the end of Western Han Dynasty, consort Wang Mang came to power. By the eighth year, Wang Mang had abolished the puppet emperor and proclaimed himself emperor, with a new title. Shortly after the establishment of the new dynasty, the peasant uprising broke out, and the imperial clan and the old ministers of the Han Dynasty rebelled. In a.d. 23, outlaw heroes made Liu Xuan emperor and restored the Han Dynasty. In the same year, they invaded Chang 'an, Wang Mang was killed and the new dynasty perished. However, separatist forces all over the country have set up their own homes and competed with each other. In AD 25, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor, and in the same year he made Luoyang his capital, which was called the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. Liu Xiu defeated separatist forces and hostile forces in succession, and unified the mainland in the 13th year of Jianwu (AD 37). Because of Wang Mang's discriminatory and insulting measures against Huns and other non-Han people, he constantly provoked wars in the border areas, which led to the confrontation and invasion of Huns and the escape of beautiful women in Northeast China. After three years of Tianfeng (A.D. 16), it even cut off the communication with the western regions, canceled the protection of the western regions, and suspended the control of the Central Plains over the western regions. Therefore, in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu had to give up Shanxi and northern Hebei since Hetao. In the 25th year of Jianwu (AD 49), the Xiongnu was divided into north and south, and the southern Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty. In the second year, the eight counties that moved in moved back to their hometown, and the Sino-Hungarian border returned to the situation at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. However, the northern part of Yanmen County in Youzhou (about western Liaoning to northern Shanxi and adjacent southern Inner Mongolia) shrinks to the south. Nandanyu was also hit by the Xiongnu in the north, and could no longer stand on the Mongolian Plateau. He went south to Meiji County, Xihe County (now northwest of Zhungeer Banner in Inner Mongolia) and accepted the protection of the Han Dynasty.

In the northeast, due to the pressure of local people and Mahan people, Emperor Guangwu ceded seven counties in Le Lang County to the east of Shandaling (now the North Peak Mountains of Korea). With the rise and expansion of Koguryo, the jurisdiction of Xuantu County was completely abandoned, and the county was moved to the west of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, and the original Liaodong County governed several counties.

However, in the southwest, the territory of the Han Dynasty expanded. In the 12th year of Yongping, Ming Di (AD 69), the Ailao King outside the southwest accepted the subordination, and two counties were established in the Han Dynasty, and then six counties were merged from Yizhou County to establish Yongchang County. In this way, the territory of the Han Dynasty not only includes all of today's Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, but also governs today's eastern Myanmar.

In the 16th year of Yongping (AD 73), the Han army attacked the northern Xiongnu, opened the communication line with the western regions, and sent Ban Chao to control Shanshan (now Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang), Khotan (now Hotan County, Hotan City, Xinjiang) and other countries, so the western regions were re-established the following year and this large territory was restored. Because the northern Xiongnu is still very strong, the Han army has no stable advantage. In the first year of Zhang (AD 76), he decided to withdraw the Han army from the Western Regions and abolish the capital of the Western Regions. However, the local kings of Shule (now Kashgar, Xinjiang), Khotan and other countries resolutely retained Ban Chao, and Ban Chao did not want to return in vain, so he returned to Shule. With Yu Wei and his courage in the Han Dynasty, most of the western regions were still under the control of the Han Dynasty, and fewer and fewer countries were attached to the Xiongnu. In the third year of Yongyuan (AD 9 1 year), the Han army was defeated by the Xiongnu, and the northern Xiongnu moved westward from then on, restoring the capital of the western regions again, with Ban Chao as the capital. However, due to the improper measures taken by the successors, the contradiction with the local countries has intensified. By the first year of Andiyong (A.D. 107), the government of the Western Regions had to be abolished. The retreat of the Han Dynasty made the western countries threatened by the Huns again, and some countries sought the protection of the Han Dynasty again, prompting the Han Dynasty to set up a governor's office in Yan Guang in the second year (AD 123) and continue to exercise jurisdiction over the western regions. However, Wusun has become an independent regime, and the area to the west of Ling (Pamir Plateau) has also been separated from the rule of the Han Dynasty, and the northwest border of the Han Dynasty has retreated to the south of the western section of Tianshan Mountain.

With the external expansion, the southern end of the territory of the Eastern Han Dynasty also retreated from the southern boundary of Fu 'an province in Vietnam to the southern boundary of Chengtian province.