Temporary measures cost more than 3 million.
Regardless of the design concept or construction quality, Century Bridge can be called "the first in Hainan" and "the first in China" in some aspects. But little known is that this cross-century bridge was "in jeopardy" at the critical moment of construction.
According to the original plan, the bridge was closed to avoid the typhoon season in Hainan. However, for various reasons, US dollar loans have been frozen for a long time. The US dollar "thawed" and the construction of He Long was forced to enter the typhoon season. Gao Ping, chief engineer of Haikou Urban Construction Investment Management Co., Ltd., the owner, said that there were no supporting points at both ends of the bridge at that time, just like a pole being carried, swinging up and down in the air. In case of a typhoon, if you are not careful, you may be twisted or twisted by the typhoon, and hundreds of millions of dollars spent will be wasted, and the bridge will be destroyed once, and the consequences will be unimaginable.
Although nearly two years have passed, Yang, chairman and general manager of Haikou Urban Construction Investment Management Co., Ltd., recalled the scene at that time and was still deeply moved: fortunately, there was no typhoon in Hainan for three consecutive years before the bridge was saved.
However, in order to prevent accidents, the builders tried their best to build two "temporary wind-resistant support columns" under the bridges at both ends to fix the "swaying" bridge from the bottom of the water to resist possible typhoons. Yang said that we were in a hurry at that time, and we couldn't start work until this problem was solved. And the construction machinery invited from Shanghai has to pay even if it is still in place, and the daily cost is as high as 200,000 yuan. There is no way. Finally, I made up my mind and signed the decision to build a "temporary wind-resistant support column", and no matter how much it costs, I must ensure the construction safety of the bridge.
It is understood that these four columns cost 3.85 million yuan and will be demolished as soon as the construction of Helong is completed. Afterwards, many people said that this temporary measure was used well and in time.
"FIDIC clause" strictly controls quality
Quality is the life of a bridge. The owner of Century Bridge is convinced that the quality cannot be guaranteed, and even the most beautiful design is just "tofu dregs". Therefore, Century Bridge took the lead in introducing internationally accepted FIDIC clauses for management in Hainan Province.
FIDIC is the International Federation of Consulting Engineers and the most authoritative organization of consulting engineers in the world. The three main features of its terms are: the project adopts international competitive bidding, implements the supervision responsibility system, and fixes the unit price of each quantity. The core is to give the supervisor an independent position, with the management rights of issuing construction instructions, quantities and payment instructions. Gao Ping, chief engineer of Haikou Urban Construction Investment Management Co., Ltd., the owner, said that FIDIC is the "curse" to prevent the "bean curd residue" project and the "sword of honour" hanging over the construction unit.
In order to ensure that the Century Bridge is infallible, the owner has adopted a three-level quality assurance system of "government supervision, construction supervision and enterprise self-inspection" and implemented a target management system, that is, each working procedure and each link has a clear responsible person, and the next working procedure can only be entered after one working procedure is completed. In some very special nodes, the construction can only be started after the signature of the general manager of the owner's unit.
Zhang Jiuhan, deputy general manager of Hainan Project Management Department of Shanghai Far East Bridge of China Wanbao Engineering Company, said that this is their first heavyweight project in Haikou, and they must hand in a satisfactory answer sheet to the people of Hainan and work towards the goal of "Luban Award".
Nanjing Gong Yuan Supervision Company, which is responsible for the supervision of Century Bridge, has formulated a series of almost harsh standards. For projects that do not meet the standards and specifications, the supervision engineer refuses to issue intermediate completion certificates and project payment bills.
An example can prove that Century Bridge has very high requirements for concrete sand and gravel, and flat sand and gravel with excessive mud content cannot be used. To this end, the supervision site dumped about 80 cubic meters of unqualified stone and nearly 20 cubic meters of concrete.
The first pouring construction of the first pouring section of the box girder at the connecting section was originally planned to take 22 hours. The construction unit started construction without the permission of the supervisor, and the concrete could not be supplied due to mechanical failure during the construction process, which took 35 hours to complete the pouring. The supervisor shall issue a notice of shutdown and rectification for one month, and shall not resume work until the construction unit writes a rectification report and it is approved by the general contractor, the supervisor and the owner.
The pier is made of structural fair-faced concrete. When the construction unit is doing Purnot. The connection section 10, the column can't meet the requirements, which is far from the first-class products. The supervisor immediately knocked out two columns and scrapped four sets of steel formwork, with a value of120,000 yuan. After repeated tests by the construction unit, only 1 1 test piers with different heights were hit one after another until they were accepted by the supervisor.
During the interview, the reporter heard many similar regulatory "outbursts". However, high-quality management brings high-quality bridges. At every stage of construction, the quality inspection departments of the province and Haikou have carried out dragnet inspection. The results show that the qualified rate of Century Bridge is 100%, and the excellent rate is over 90%. Moreover, the concrete appearance, compactness and smoothness of the bridge are first-class.
Try to save every penny.
It took seven years for the Century Bridge to be put forward and completed, and it spanned two centuries after three governments. This is why this bridge is named.
Century Bridge is a foreign loan project approved by the former State Planning Commission in the Ninth Five-Year Plan, with a total investment of 667 million yuan. Among them, Japanese funds were used to match the loan of 50 million US dollars, and domestic matching funds were 252 million yuan.
But foreign loans are not easy to use. The construction funds and management of Century Bridge shall be implemented in accordance with FIDIC provisions. The loan is lent by the Bank of China, and the payment is supervised in strict accordance with the commercial contract. Hire an engineering supervision company to supervise the whole process of engineering quality inspection, engineering measurement and payment.
How to use hundreds of millions of yuan of funds is an extremely sensitive issue, and it is also the most concerned issue of Haikou citizens. Huang Zhixiang, deputy general manager of Haikou Urban Construction Investment Management Co., Ltd. said that all loans must be repaid by Haikou Municipal Government. In order to save every expense, in the construction process, the company insists on the general manager's financial management and resolutely puts an end to spending money indiscriminately, whether it is millions or a few dollars.
According to the regulations, foreign loans are mainly used to purchase equipment, materials and some civil engineering costs needed for the project, and the funds are special. Interestingly, a huge loan of $50 million did not reach the owner's account. Huang Zhixiang said that the payment procedure of the project funds is: the general contractor submits the quality inspection certificate of the completed project and the engineering metering table signed by the supervisor to the supervisor for review and signing the "payment book" every month, and the owner rechecks the visa. After that, the general contractor will take the "Payment Letter" and the invoice to the business department of China Bank Headquarters, and pay it directly to the general contractor unit instead of the owner unit after examination.
So is the use of domestic matching funds. Domestic facilities are mainly used for compensation for land acquisition and demolition, survey and design, scientific research, construction water and electricity costs, project supervision and some supporting projects, of which 80% are used to pay interest on US dollar loans during the construction period. Huang Zhixiang said that so far, no construction funds have been misappropriated for non-productive expenses such as car purchase and house purchase. Because some matching funds are not in place, most of the office supplies of the owner company are rented.
Many times, in order to save money, the owner unit has to do the work of relocating households repeatedly. Once a unit on the north bank of the bridge was to be demolished, but this unit made a big hole-the asking price was 6 1 000 yuan. Finally, he petitioned the relevant government departments to negotiate and "get it" with a compensation fee of 50,000 yuan.
Huang Zhixiang said: "That's how money is accumulated bit by bit."
"Many times we cried."
As a witness of the bridge construction for several years, many people shed tears in some key scenes. In their view, the bridge has become a part of their lives, and they have every reason to cry. Is this tear sad, excited, excited and joyful? Maybe only they can understand it deeply.
After international bidding, the joint venture of China Wanbao Engineering Company and Shanghai Far East International Bridge Construction Co., Ltd. won the bid and became the general contractor of the project construction. Among the subcontractors, China State Construction Engineering Corporation is responsible for the construction of the north approach bridge, Hunan Provincial Highway and Bridge Construction Corporation is responsible for the south approach bridge, the open caisson part is the responsibility of the Second Navigation Bureau of the Ministry of Communications, and the main tower bridge is constructed by Shanghai Urban Construction Group. Engineering supervision units and design units are also produced by domestic bidding, and the prestigious Nanjing Gong Yuan Construction Supervision Company and the Bridge Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Railways won the bid. It is understood that these units have national first-class qualifications and rich experience in construction, supervision and design.
Whether it is the owner company, the general contractor, the subcontractor, or the design and supervision company, all the engineers and technicians involved in the construction of the bridge have devoted great enthusiasm to the bridge. In a later supplementary interview, someone said, "At the critical moment of construction, the scene was so touching that people couldn't help crying."
Gao Ping, chief engineer of Haikou Urban Construction Investment Management Company, clearly remembers that he shed tears many times. The bottom of the open caisson was sealed, the main tower was capped, the US dollar loan was thawed, and the main bridge was closed, all of which were in tears.
He told reporters stories about various open caisson constructions. During the construction, the builders did not expect that the underwater hardened rocks were reticulate, very hard and the geological structure was extremely complicated. After consultation, they invented the DTH drill and the combined DTH drill on the spot, which solved the problem of cleaning the underwater mud layer.
But when I was sinking a well, I met another problem. Concrete bottom sealing of open caisson is a key process in bridge foundation construction, which requires high quality and construction technology, and there are many failed examples at home and abroad. Because of this, they held numerous hearings and invited several authoritative academicians of the Academy of Engineering to make analysis reports. In order to ensure the success of back sealing, the construction unit has done more than 100 concrete mixture ratio experiments in the laboratory, tried more than a dozen additives, and used more than ten tons of cement in the experiments alone. Finally, a unique "72-hour retarded concrete" was made by using the superplasticizer and cement hydration control agent produced by Shanghai Meister Company.
Open caisson construction is not a trivial matter. The first open caisson was launched in the south on September 8th 1998, and the second one in the north on September 4th 1998. At every critical moment, the main leaders, owners, general contractors, subcontractors, design and supervision units of provincial and municipal government departments visited the site to supervise the war and pay attention to the whole process of open caisson construction.
After 40 hours of uninterrupted concrete pouring, the back sealing construction was finally successfully completed. Many people present shed tears. Gao Ping said: "The total cost of the two caissons is as high as 50 million yuan. I was really nervous. If it is not successful, it may lead to concrete cracking and seawater backflow. I can't even think about the next construction. "
Crossing the two hurdles of "wind resistance and earthquake resistance"
Haikou is located in the marine atmospheric environment, and it is also a typhoon and earthquake-prone area. How to resist wind and earthquake has become the first "dilemma" for century bridge builders.
After many demonstrations, modifications and wind-resistant tests, the main bridge of the bridge is designed as a three-span continuous prestressed concrete side beam cable-stayed bridge with two towers, two cable planes. In order to resist earthquake, large area open caisson construction is adopted. The total open caisson height of the main tower is 40.1m. In other words, the deepest part of the open caisson is more than 40 meters underwater, which is equivalent to sinking a 13-story building into the water. In open caisson construction, each double-walled steel shell weighs 386 tons, and it is the first time in domestic bridge foundation construction that 500 tons floating crane is used to lift, float and sink in place at one time.
The main girder of the bridge is designed as a concrete side beam with high torsional stiffness, and is equipped with space cables to enhance the wind resistance. The bridge body adopts concrete side beam, which is simple in structure, reasonable in force, smooth in shape, light and novel, and rare in China.
It is understood that in addition to wind and earthquake resistance, Century Bridge has many remarkable innovations. A number of indicators rank first in Hainan, and some technical means are used for the first time in the country.
The closure quality of the main bridge directly determines the quality of the bridge. Whether the bridge midspan can be closed smoothly depends on whether the errors of two important control factors, cable force and girder elevation, are within a reasonable range during the long cantilever construction of the main girder. If it is forcibly closed, the rear axle structure may be deformed for several years. When the Century Bridge is closed, with the support and cooperation of the owner, supervisor and construction unit, the elevation error of the main Liang Zuo and the right cantilever end is less than 1cm, and the cable force error is within 5%, which completely reaches the advanced level of monitoring and construction of similar bridges.
Ding Zhu, director of Haikou Construction Bureau, said that the construction progress of the main tower has reached the domestic advanced level. The main tower of Century Bridge is rhombic, with a height of11m. The bridge deck is divided into 17 sections, each section is 4.5 meters. Without using special climbing scaffolding, the daily average progress 1 m has been completed, reaching the advanced level of similar bridges in China.
During the construction of the main girder on the side of the main bridge, the hanging baskets are assembled by universal bars and Bailey frames, which are lifted and lowered as a whole, and each hanging basket is quickly put in place, which is convenient for construction. It is reported that the hanging basket construction is also the first time in the history of bridge construction in China.
In addition, the landscape lighting of Century Bridge is also quite distinctive. The whole lighting is designed by the Urban Environment Research Institute of Japan Co., Ltd. * * It consists of four groups of night lighting lamps, which illuminate different parts respectively, and the lighting time of different parts is also different.
According to reports, the whole lighting planning is based on the slender modeling characteristics of the bridge, focusing on a certain part of the bridge at different times, which makes people have infinite associations, and then sets off a feeling of brightness, lightness and flying. At the same time, try to create a night landscape symbol object that can be seen from the sea and all parts of the city for tourists and the general public to watch.
Experts say that any symbolic bridge belongs not only to the local city, but also to the bridge builders in China. Many innovations of Century Bridge have accumulated valuable experience for China's bridge construction industry.
The "bridge effect" is emerging.
After the opening of Century Bridge, the journey from Haidian Island to Longkun Road, to Jinmao District and to the airport is greatly convenient and the time is greatly shortened. However, is this huge bridge just for the convenience of more than1000000 residents living in Haidian Island?
Yang said that the Century Bridge has three functions: economy, landscape and traffic. Century Bridge is a national ninth five-year plan project, a key municipal project in Hainan Province and Haikou City, and an important part of Haikou's road network system. At the same time, Century Bridge is a transportation hub connecting downtown Haikou, Haidian Island, Xinbu Island and Jiangdong New District, forming a new urban road loop.
It is reported that according to the plan, Haikou will build corresponding road and bridge municipal projects along Baiju Avenue and Xinbu Island in Jiangdong New District. Yang said, maybe it won't be long before, after coming out of meilan airport, there will be a "sea view road" leading directly to the urban area.
During the interview, some people who love Haikou described the beauty of the bridge to reporters: Haikou is a rare coastal water city in China, and it is also the center of Qiongbei 100 km coastline, and Century Bridge is the "center of the center". The bridge is located at the intersection of "Haikou Bund", Lv Wan Gardens and beautiful beaches, which has great urban humanistic charm. The completion of the bridge will greatly promote the potential accumulated by Qiongbeihai coastline to extend and expand from the "center" of the bridge to the two wings, forming a charming coastline. A professor at Haida University even asserted that in a few years, it will become the most humanistic area in Haikou and even Hainan. In this sense, the Century Bridge will carry Haikou's "centenary dream".
According to the relevant person of Haikou Planning Bureau, according to the long-term planning of our province, Century Bridge will become the central node connecting seven groups of four cities, counties and counties along the coast of Qiongbei, and it is an important part of the coastal main road of Qiongbei 1 10 km strip town group. These seven groups are Lingao Gold Medal Group, Chengmai Madao Group, Haikou Macun Group, Haikou Changliu Group, Haikou Central District Group, Meilan Jiangdong Group and Wenchang Mulan Bay Group.
If this group is still far away from us. So, at present, the appreciation of land around the bridge has already become a reality. One of the most convincing examples is that the houses in Haidian Island sell well, and the surrounding area of the bridge has become a battleground for many businesses.
According to the information provided by Haikou Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, as the opening time of the bridge is getting closer and closer, the surrounding land prices are also rising all the way. From June 5438 to October 2002 10, the land auction price of Haidian Island was more than 400 yuan per square meter, which rose to 500 yuan in March of the following year and 700 yuan in three months.
Perhaps because of this, the "Haikou Bund" and Haidian Island near the bridge attract more and more investors. Because of this bridge, Hainan Golden Finger Real Estate Company built a "coastal oasis" senior villa residential area in Haidian Island. "Coastal Oasis" covers an area of 108 mu, and adopts a completely European style to build a top residential area in Haidian Island. At present, the first phase of the project has been nearly completed, and four sets of 14 villas have been booked, each of which is 4 million yuan, equivalent to the price of 7,000 yuan per square meter. Zhang Xiangping, general manager, said that without the Century Bridge, it would be impossible to build this community on Haidian Island and sell it at this price.