The branch of psychology that studies the laws of birth and change. It is an interdisciplinary subject of educational science and psychological science.
Educational psychology became an independent subject at the end of 19, but many educators in history have been able to
In educational practice, we consciously carry out targeted teaching according to people's psychological state. Confucius, an ancient educator in China, mentioned
A heuristic teaching method of "no anger, no anger, no anger" is put forward. Socrates in ancient Greece also put forward, "I'm not giving.
Human knowledge is a midwife who makes knowledge produce itself.
Modern western educational thoughts tend to base educational theories on the achievements of psychological research, that is, to promote.
The prerequisite for educational psychology to become an independent discipline. German psychologist Herbart's book General Pedagogy
","Psychology Textbook "and other books have played a pioneering role in the establishment of educational psychology. It didn't work at the time.
The name "educational psychology" has actually combined pedagogy and psychology into an inseparable system.
One.
Herbart divides teaching into educational teaching and non-educational teaching in his teaching theory. The former refers to ethics.
The cultivation of reason, morality, will and character, the latter refers to intellectual education activities that impart knowledge and skills, both of which must be
Based on psychological theory. When discussing education and teaching, he paid special attention to "arousing interest" and put
Interest is divided into experiential interest, speculative interest, aesthetic interest, sympathetic interest, social interest and religious interest.
Six interests. These psychological states can guide children's attention orientation, arouse psychological pleasure and promote thinking.
Want to be lively and energetic. The study of interest has become an important link between pedagogy and psychology.
. Pestalozzi before Herbart paid attention to inspiring later educational theorists in educational practice and thought.
The role of psychology in education has also played a certain role.
The emergence of experimental psychology is another important condition for educational psychology to become an independent discipline, which leads to the emergence of experimental education.
The emergence of learning. Experimental pedagogy is the pioneer of educational psychology and the product of the combination of experimental psychology and pedagogy. morality
Both Lai and Moyman in our country have combined the theory of experimental psychology with the theory of education and teaching extensively. Lai's book is "true"
The book Experiential Teaching Theory is actually a book with educational psychology as its content, because educational psychology has become psychology.
This independent discipline laid a theoretical foundation.
Testing has played an important catalytic role in the formation and development of educational psychology and promoted the development of pedagogy and psychology.
The combination of Neo-Confucianism provides the theory and method for the birth of educational psychology. Pedagogy often refers to the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.
Because there are individual differences among students. How to adapt to individual differences and teach students in accordance with their aptitude are pedagogy and psychology.
* * * Follow the topic. Intelligence test and educational test are two methods to understand students' psychology when implementing class teaching system.
Tools for managing state and teaching effect. The measurement of students' academic performance after school enrollment and admission, as well as the case of students.
Various tests should be applied in the research.
Educational psychology has become an independent experimental science, which should be attributed to Thorndike. He gave a lecture at 1903.
The book Educational Psychology explains the concept of learning in detail with school situations, which is the real beginning of modern educational psychology.
. 19 13, this book was expanded into three volumes, including human nature, learning psychology, individual differences and their
There are three main reasons. His three laws of learning (law of effect, law of preparation and law of practice) and individual difference theory,
Around the 1920s, it became an important topic in educational psychology research. Because Thorndike put the focus of educational psychology research on
In terms of learning psychology, educational psychology in China has long regarded learning psychology as the research of educational psychology.
The main goal.
Around the 1920s, theories such as behavioral psychology, gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis were introduced into China.
It had a certain influence on modern pedagogy in China. After the Gestalt School was introduced into China, educational psychology began to emphasize it.
The position of "epiphany" in learning is no longer limited to trial and error, stimulus and response, psychology and other connectionism.
The questions raised in Educational Psychology expand the research scope of educational psychology to one of Thorndike's three laws of learning.
In addition to the problem of epiphany, there are Gestalt school's "whole concept", "transfer concept" and "law of precision"
And "completion principle" are applied to education.
Behaviorism theory urged China educational psychologists to pay attention to the study of human behavior and environment in 1930s.
Influence on people's psychology. Freud's psychoanalysis school makes educational psychology pay more attention to the study of consciousness, especially
Especially the subconscious and subconscious problems. Educational psychology attaches importance to the role of emotion in the process of education and teaching, and puts psychology
In the process of introducing health knowledge into education and teaching, it has also been influenced by this school.
After Pavlov's theory was introduced into China, it not only influenced the basic theory of psychology, but also
It influenced educational psychology. His two signal system theories provide a new theoretical basis for educational psychology, and also provide a new way of thinking for the development of educational psychology.
It found the connection between educational psychology and natural science. The second signal system theory makes children talk.
Language and thinking have become the main objects of educational psychology research.
Education develops with the development of society. In order to meet the needs of educational development, the task of educational psychology is getting heavier and heavier.
In addition, the scope of research objects is gradually expanding. Educational psychology focuses on the research and study of learning psychology in the early stage of development.
Most legal discussions focus on intellectual education. With the increasing emphasis on the all-round development of people in education,
More and more attention has been paid to the cultivation of moral behavior, moral emotion and aesthetic emotion.
The development of modern science, especially modern biology, anthropology, sociology, medicine and psychiatry.
Both of them have an impact on educational psychology, prompting it to constantly update its content to meet the requirements of social development. Second World ［composed of developed countries other than the superpowers］
After World War II, western educational psychologists put forward specific suggestions on the tasks and objects of educational psychology.
1947, the American Psychological Association set up a committee to plan the research of educational psychology, which believed that educational heart.
Neo-Confucianism should include five aspects, namely, human growth and development, including heredity and environment, general growth and development and society.
And the development of emotions, the basic theories of motivation, wisdom, sexual orientation and interest, and individual differences; Learning, including
The essence of learning, factors affecting learning, learning motivation, skills, reasoning and problem solving, attitude, special topics.
Objective To study and transfer training; Personality and adaptation, including emotions, mental health of students and teachers, and special
Special children, personality and social activities; Measurement and evaluation, including the basic principle of measurement and the measurement of intelligence and sexual orientation.
Measurement of quantity, learning, adaptation and application of measurement results; Methods and techniques of educational psychology, including
Including scientific research on educational issues, statistical techniques and research methods for teachers.
Based on the consensus of all aspects, the American Yearbook of Psychology holds that the research task of educational psychology is related to
The object should include eight items: educational evaluation and measurement; Characteristics of children's development; Special children and their education; have
Educational methods of learning psychology; Research on special subjects; Learning counseling and mental health; Teachers, staff and counseling
Teachers' learning behavior; Methods of educational psychology.
Observation is the most basic research method of educational psychology. Is the implementation of observation in class collective activities or in
In individual conversations, we can observe external activities and performances, and also reflect the psychological reaction of the educated.
Observe or analyze students' written materials.
The survey is divided into general survey and sampling survey. The former is a survey of the whole class or school, and the latter is a random division.
Sampling, stratified sampling, grouping sampling, specific gravity sampling and so on. The survey methods can be divided into questionnaire survey and interview.
Questionnaire method is to investigate different teaching effects and measure different people by compiling different tests.
The methods of IQ, sexual orientation and personality can better understand the psychological characteristics of the educated than the questionnaire method
Small change. The compilation of various tests and the use of various scales should ensure their effectiveness and reliability.
Comparative research is generally carried out in experiments with strictly controlled conditions. Subjects were divided into different conditions (intelligence
Learning ability, age, psychological quality, etc. ), one group is called the experimental group and the other group is called the control group.
The students in the experimental group were provided with new stimuli, such as new textbooks, while the students in the control group kept the commonly used textbooks.
. After a period of teaching, the academic performance, learning speed and understanding ability of the two groups of students were measured and compared.
Features, advantages and disadvantages. We can make different designs for different teaching methods and other teaching and learning problems.
Conduct different experiments.
Natural experiment method is to carry out experiments in daily learning environment, which can reduce the labor in laboratory experiments.
The unnecessary stress caused reflects the normal psychological state of the subjects, but it is difficult to strictly control the related variables.
Nowadays, China attaches great importance to the development of education, and the research of educational psychology has a very broad prospect.