The north is characterized by dryness, low average temperature, geothermal fields, large seasonal temperature difference and large temperature difference betwe
The north is characterized by dryness, low average temperature, geothermal fields, large seasonal temperature difference and large temperature difference between day and night. Orchids are mainly born in the south. They like warmth, are afraid of sunshine, require moist and ventilated air, and are harsh on the environment. So how can the north easily raise orchids? Let me take you to know more.
How to cultivate orchids easily in the north There are many varieties of orchids, and the adaptability of different varieties of orchids to the environment is quite different. Therefore, in the cultivation of orchids in the north, seed selection is the most important link. If a relatively delicate variety is cultivated because of improper seed selection, it is basically necessary to raise the dead and raise the disabled, and there is no incubator. Under the normal environment in the north, it is only suitable for raising thick-leaved cymbidium varieties. I have eight pots of orchids. Orchids with thick leaves germinate and bloom and grow well. Good leaves, no scorched leaves and diseases. And orchids with thin leaves, whether Chunlan Jianlan or other strains, are ill and disaster-prone, and the leaves are difficult to suppress. So far, several pots have died, and the living ones are not strong and dying. Even a professional orchid grower can't grow thin-leaved orchids unless he adopts a special way to simulate the southern environment.
There are many kinds of orchids with thick leaves and many top grades. Ordinary, such as the "iron bone element" in the cymbidium strain, is the first choice for beginners because of its beautiful leaves, white and noble flowers and good aroma. In addition, there are many cymbidium species such as "Bai Mo", "Black Ink" and "Dharma". The above varieties have thick leaves, good stress resistance, not easy to get sick and good adaptability to temperature and humidity, all of which are cultivated orchids in the north.
When you buy orchids, you need to find more seedlings or even plants, so that orchids in Miao Zhuang are easy to sprout and bloom. There are many orchid vendors wrapped in moss in the market, all of which are scattered single seedlings. Even if there are buds, they are only produced in the south. This kind of flower is hard to find, so you must not buy it. When buying conjoined orchids, it depends on whether the roots are developed and whether there is empty skin rot. If orchids have been planted in pots, remove the floating soil and see if the bulbs are connected. Even orchids are bought in the north and south.
In terms of soil, orchids have extremely high requirements for soil permeability. Those unfamiliar with land preparation must use orchid soil prepared by the flower market. Orchid soil consists of porous vermiculite, brick particles, bark blocks, autocratic nutrient soil particles, fairy soil and a small amount of humus soil. This kind of soil is more expensive, so don't worry about the cost. If you use ordinary soil, orchids will die
In terms of watering, many southern orchid books say that watering once a day or even more a day is in the case of special cultivation substrates in the south. In the north, I once got a warning from Mr. Huashi that I should water the thick orchid once a week at most. The effect of the first experiment is good.
Orchids are watered every five to seven days in summer and every half month in winter. Otherwise, it is easy to dirty the rotten roots and the air permeability is not enough. When watering, be sure to water it slowly along the edge of the basin. Never betray your heart, or it will rot easily. Similarly, if you spray water on the blade, you must ensure that the water droplets will not fill the core along the blade, which is appropriate. If this happens, dry it with a paper towel and dry it as soon as possible.
Due to the particularity of orchid soil, the surface soil is easy to appear dry, giving people the feeling of water shortage. In fact, if not, you should poke an inch of soil on the surface and feel the humidity with your fingers. Don't be too confused by illusion and water.
In terms of light, Eupatorium adenophorum likes sunshine, as long as it is not exposed at noon in summer, there will be no problem. In terms of temperature, Phalaenopsis adapts well and has no requirements. My Phalaenopsis has never been frostbitten below zero. If the temperature is too high to exceed 32 degrees Celsius, the growth and development of orchids will slow down. At this time, it is necessary to properly block and spray water to the surrounding ground environment to cool down.
In terms of fertilization, orchids must be used conservatively, not more and less. In some flower markets in the north, there is a special liquid fertilizer "Orchid King", which is the best fertilizer, because there are a large number of orchids related to orchids, and all kinds of nutrition are balanced, so please dilute it strictly. If there is no special fertilizer for orchids, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied. Orchids mainly need phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, but have little demand for nitrogen fertilizer. There is no need to apply fertilizers such as bean water. Excessive and careless application of nitrogen fertilizer will affect the growth and flowering of orchids.
In terms of air humidity, orchids like humid ventilation. Professional orchids often use pool fans, which are not available to the general public. If it is hot summer or dry winter, it is good to sprinkle some water on the floor of orchid farm from time to time.
Finally, orchids will grow slowly from the south to the north, but on the other hand, the leaves will slowly age, and new seedlings will be dwarfed to varying degrees in the north, which is normal.
Ten techniques of orchid cultivation 1. Potted soil requirements: neutral and slightly acidic soil with high humus content, loose and good drainage is the best, and the PH value is generally around 5.5 to 6.5. In Sichuan, Emei fairy soil and "Xingju Jiji brand" are mostly used to refine orchid plants, and more generally, "bamboo root mud" and humus soil under wet leaf forests in mountainous areas are used to cultivate orchids.
2. Location: Orchids can be cultivated outdoors and on balconies in spring, summer and autumn. It is required to choose a place with good ventilation, moist air and no environmental pollution. Just stay close to ponds and rivers, at least put trees or bamboo forests.
Sunshade net reduces sunlight and temperature. It is best to put the basin on a wooden frame or steel frame. If the floor should be tiled, the balcony at home can also be tiled with small tin cans to increase humidity.
3, proper shading: orchids are mostly semi-shaded plants, and most varieties are afraid of direct sunlight and need proper shading. Orchids can be opened in the first half of April to get more sunshine and promote their growth. In May, in addition to the sunshine at noon, it can also be basked for 6 hours; It has been cloudy all day since June. After 10, except Zhongyang, it can be fully opened for maintenance. Remember this proverb: "leafy shade is good, and more sunshine is good."
4. Rational fertilization: orchids are vegetarian, and fertilization depends on the selected pot soil and growth. Fertilization can be applied to those who grow luxuriantly and have no diseases, and fertilization or a small amount of fertilization is not suitable for those who grow poorly. The newly planted basin roots are underdeveloped.
All orchids can only be fertilized after 1-2 years. Generally, when the elongation of orchid leaves and buds is about 1.5cm from June to July, the decomposed liquid fertilizer should be applied once every three weeks with a dilution concentration of about 10%***. Avoid using chemical fertilizers in case of high temperature.
This season is not suitable for fertilization. Diluted fertilizer should be applied every two to three weeks from August to September. Orchids should be fertilized at night and watered in the morning, which is called "backwater".
5. Proper watering: Rainwater and spring water are better for orchids, and tap water or rice washing water should be used overnight. When you pour it, pour it from the edge of the basin, not into the bud. The watering amount should be determined according to the air temperature, the dryness and wetness of the basin soil and the growth of bluegrass.
It depends. Most of the leaves are watered, and the thin leaves are watered less. From April to May, the new buds have not yet been born, so the pot soil should be dry, and the new buds are too wet to rot easily; June-September is the growth period of orchid buds, so the amount of watering should be increased, and it should be watered every morning or sunny day.
Second, avoid watering in the hot sun at noon. To reduce water consumption in autumn, foliar water spraying can be used to keep the basin soil moist, and water consumption can be controlled to keep "80% dry and 20% wet" in winter.
6. Spraying in the evening: orchids are originally grown in a humid air environment, so in the dry season, in addition to shading, they must be sprayed in the evening to increase the air humidity and lower the temperature; You can also water the table of potted orchids. "One cold and one hot" can stimulate the growth of orchids.
7, wind and rain: "February ghost wind" is a normal phenomenon, you can cut off dead branches and broken leaves. Orchids can rain lightly, but avoid mildew rain, heavy rain or continuous rain, otherwise the heart and leaves will rot easily. A small amount of plant ash can be appropriately sprinkled in rainy season.
8. Pruning and picking flowers: In orchid cultivation, you should always cut off dead leaves, broken leaves and diseased leaves. To promote ventilation. For rare orchids, if there are too many flower buds, only strong buds are left, and it is appropriate to have 1-2 flower buds per pot. Chunlan should be picked after half a month of flowering, and rare orchids should be picked after 7 days. The leaf buds in spring thrive and create the beauty of the next year. The last flower of the preface to Sharon was cut 3 cm away from the surface of the basin one week after flowering.
9. Cold and warm: orchids have different cold resistance due to different varieties, different places of origin, so the time to enter the house in winter and the location of indoor display are also different. Han Lan, Qiu Lan and Winter jasmine grow in the south.
When partying, it is advisable to enter the room when the temperature is 5℃ or close the window fence, and try to bask in the sun in the south. But in spring and Xia Lan, it has strong cold resistance, and it can only be put indoors at 0℃ and placed in the northeast. On a sunny day, around noon, facing south.
Windows should be opened on the surface or southeast, and nets should be drawn for ventilation. Qiu Lan is not allowed to open windows on sunny days of 1-2℃. Of course, if there is a greenhouse, you can use electro-optic heating.
10, Disease Prevention and Insect Prevention: Pot soil should be disinfected generally * * * and exposed to the sun can also be used to prevent diseases. Orchids are most prone to white silk disease in rainy and high temperature seasons, and a small amount can be brushed with wet cloth, while a large number can be used.
500-800 times of Bordeaux solution or Tobuzine, and sprayed once every 7- 10 days. Most of the pests are scale insects, commonly known as "blue salamanders". In the incubation period, 1% omethoate and 25% Yingfu EC were used.
1000 times liquid, sprayed once a week. It is advisable to treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and the pots and pans should be sparse to increase ventilation and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Matters needing attention in cultivating orchids in the north If you want to cultivate orchids in the north, you should try your best to create environmental conditions suitable for their growth and development, meet the requirements of their biological characteristics, and make them grow and bloom well. Specifically, we should do the following work.
1, select a good basin and culture soil.
In general, families raise orchids, and the choice of pots is better with pottery pots.
If you want to add aesthetic feeling to the decorative effect, you can cover a glazed porcelain basin outside the clay basin. The size of the basin is suitable for the orchid root to spread completely in the basin.
It is best to use orchid mud for basin soil. You can also modulate it yourself. 6 parts of humus soil or peat soil, 3 parts of sandy soil, cake fertilizer 1 part, 5 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of compost soil and 2 parts of coarse sand can be mixed evenly.
2, the water should be appropriate.
Watering orchids is a routine work, and it is also an important link in the success of orchid cultivation. Blue flowerpots should always be moist, but avoid too much water.
In cultivation, the watering amount should be determined according to different seasons and different growth stages of orchids. Generally, from the spring, with the temperature rising, orchids turn into vigorous growth period, so the watering amount should be gradually increased, with watering 1 time every L ~ 2 days; The high temperature in summer is also the peak of orchid growth. Generally, it is advisable to water each time in the morning and evening, and it is forbidden to water at noon.
When the rainy season comes, the amount of watering should be flexibly controlled according to the rainfall and the humidity of the basin soil to avoid root rot caused by accumulated water in the basin soil; At the end of autumn, the temperature begins to drop, and the watering amount should be gradually reduced, and it can be watered every 2 ~ 3 days 1 time; In winter, the temperature is low, and most orchids go into dormancy. At this time, the water should be controlled, and it can be watered 1 time every 5 ~ 7 days, but the watering amount of cymbidium and cymbidium in winter should be more appropriate.
3, thin fertilizer should be skillfully applied.
Fertilize orchids with thin fertilizer, but not with thick fertilizer. There is a saying that "orchids are clear and jasmine is turbid". Generally speaking, newly planted orchids should not be fertilized in the first year; Fertilization began after Qingming in the second year, until beginning of autumn. 65438+ can be applied with fully decomposed pancake fertilizer water 0 ~ 2 times a month. Because orchids are fleshy roots, don't apply immature fertilizers to avoid rotting roots.
Control water 1 ~ 2 days before each fertilization, and then apply it after the soil in the basin is slightly dry. Water should be poured once the next morning to prevent the roots from being polluted by unclean things in the fertilizer solution and hurting the roots. Pay attention to avoid splashing leaves when applying liquid fertilizer. For orchid plants that have reached flower age after several years of culture, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the early stage to promote the germination and rapid growth of new buds; In the later stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were mainly applied, which was beneficial to increase pseudobulb, widen leaves and provide sufficient nutrients for flower bud differentiation.
Specifically, liquid fertilizer mainly consisting of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied twice a year before flower bud differentiation in autumn; During bud pregnancy, the leaves should be washed with clear water first, and after the leaves are dried, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed on the leaves and back with a small sprayer, or plant ash water should be applied to the roots. At this time, exogenous fertilization is beneficial to promote the development of roots, stems and flowers of orchid.
Applying liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer twice about 20 days after flower withering can promote plant growth. Don't apply fertilizer in rainy days, and stop applying fertilizer in winter dormancy period.
People who have seen the method of cultivating orchids in the north also: