How can we "think before you move"? Sun Tzu emphasized two aspects, one is temple calculation. Sun Tzu said, "If the husband wins without fighting, there will be more; If the temple didn't win before the war, it would be too few. Win more, win less, it is better to have nothing? From this point of view, I will see the result. "What factors should be considered in temple calculation? That is, "five things" (Tao, heaven, earth, generals and dharma) and "seven strategies" (that is, the master's way? Who can? What is heaven and earth? Decree Dunxing? Who is stronger? Who practices foot soldiers? Who is the reward and punishment? )。 According to these aspects, we can determine who wins and who loses. The concrete application of Mao Zedong's comprehensive dialectical view in the field of war is an innovation and development of the idea of "temple calculation". When Mao Zedong inspected the development process of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he did not ignore the overall relationship of contradictions, but simply inspected a contradiction and its two aspects. Instead, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is regarded as a collection of contradictions and complex relations, and all the basic elements of the Sino-Japanese war and their dialectical relations are investigated, revealing the fundamental laws of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from the relationship between all the basic elements of the Sino-Japanese war. He pointed out: "... all the basic elements of war are not incomplete fragments; It is implemented in all major issues and all operational stages of both sides, and it is not dispensable. ""We say that War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is a protracted war, and this is a conclusion drawn from the interrelation of all factors. "The second is planning." It is one of the ten military principles of our army in the war of liberation not to fight unprepared battles, not to fight uncertain battles, to strive to be prepared for every battle, and to strive for victory in the comparison between the enemy and ourselves. Practice has proved that this is also a universal law. Everything should be carefully planned and prepared. For example, the first battle at the beginning of the war has a great influence on the overall situation of the war and the results of subsequent operations. We must adhere to the principle of winning the first battle. All decisive campaigns and strategic actions must be based on strength, superiority and certainty, carefully organized and prepared, and we must not underestimate the enemy. The Pingxingguan War is a typical example. Before the victory of Pingxingguan, the Eighth Route Army had a favorable opportunity to fight with some large-scale Japanese troops, but it gave up because of its caution in the first battle. In mid-September, 1937, the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division arrived at the front line of Shanxi Pingxingguan. At this time, the Japanese army was attacking the Great Wall defense line from Pingxingguan to Ruyuekou in the second world war zone of the Kuomintang army. In order to combat the enemy's madness and cooperate with friendly forces in defensive operations, the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division decided to ambush near Pingxingguan according to the enemy's situation and terrain conditions at that time and annihilate the enemy who attacked Pingxingguan from Lingqiu. On the 24th night, 1 15 division ambushed in the rain in the highland on the right side of the northeast highway of Pingxingguan. At 7 o'clock on the 25th, the main force and vehicles of the enemy's 5 1 Division 2 1 Brigade entered our ambush circle, and our army launched a fierce attack on the enemy. After a day of fierce fighting, more than 3,000 people were wiped out, all the luggage and vehicles of the enemy were destroyed, and the first great victory since the Anti-Japanese War was achieved. This victory inspired the people of the whole country to win the Anti-Japanese War, expanded the political influence of our party and army, and broke the myth that the Japanese army was invincible.
In the economic field, the fiercer the competition, the more important the wisdom of "planning before moving" in this competition. Only those enterprises that attach importance to commercial ingenuity will stimulate their vitality and achieve the best economic benefits. Xu Fumin, a farmer entrepreneur in Wuxi, has read Sun Tzu's Art of War, and he knows something about the art of ingenuity in Sun Tzu's Art of War. He adhered to the principle of acting first and then acting in business, and achieved a series of victories. When Xu Fumin ran a helie farm, he used the principle of virtuous cycle of biological chain to run a dairy farm and a duck farm. Cow dung and duck dung flow into fish ponds, which provide breeding conditions for plankton and are ideal feed for fish. He adopts three-dimensional fish culture, with herring in the upper layer and crucian carp in the middle and lower layers, making full use of the water surface, which is more than twice as high as raising a single species. Experts from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations came here to inspect and think that this is the best mode of aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region. Xu Fumin raises ducks differently, and selling ducks is very cheap. He thinks Beijing roast duck is very profitable, so he discusses opening a roast duck restaurant with his colleagues. Beijing roast duck is famous for its fatness. He specializes in raising British "Cherry Valley" ducks in Helie Farm, which meets the needs of people who like to eat lean meat. So they opened the "Wuxi Roast Duck Restaurant" in downtown Wuxi. After opening, it is often packed. Duck viscera and fatty liver can also be sold abroad for exchange. This is an example. In the early days of reform and opening up, in order to adapt to the development of domestic and foreign trade, many "hot spots" such as sheepskin fever, earthworm fever and grape fever were set off in some areas of China, some of which benefited a lot and some suffered heavy losses. The key to the problem is that business leaders should think calmly, don't be led by the nose and don't show their cards easily. Good at predicting future trends. When a product is popular, the buyer may give you a good price to induce you to expand investment and strengthen production. Once they find your card, they will change their faces and try their best to lower the price. Chinese herbal medicines once exported from China were very popular abroad, so they were blindly picked and processed, and the output increased sharply. In export, domestic counterparts compete to reduce prices, which not only reduces foreign exchange income, but also seriously damages valuable Chinese herbal medicine resources and affects the reputation of Chinese herbal medicine. On the contrary, when China imports a certain chemical product, foreign businessmen think that the imported product can live, wait for the price to be sold and rip it off. Our country turned to its own production and advertised in newspapers. In this way, foreign businessmen have to sell have it both ways's goods at low prices. It can be seen that the content of "seeking" under the conditions of market economy is also profound and extensive. Who wants to win in the competition, should be more demanding and good at judging.
Because wisdom is very important and it is not easy to make decisions, the ancients emphasized "gathering wisdom from all sides" and playing the role of a think tank. They put forward that "wisdom is not for one person, and the whole people must participate in planning", and pointed out that "without planning, counselors will gather wisdom and make it more successful", and even heroes can't achieve anything. This is the so-called "wisdom is in the world", and it is enough to know how to make good use of it.
Think tank, also called think tank, brain enterprise or consulting company, is a scientific research institution. According to the definition of American Dictionary, it is an institution, company or group organized for the interdisciplinary comprehensive research of technical or social problems. Think tanks don't produce concrete material products, but gather a group of experts and scholars, use their collective wisdom to make suggestions for leaders, provide plans, schemes and schemes to achieve certain decision-making goals, or provide some new scientific theories and methods to act as the "outer brain" of leaders. The word think tank was recorded in ancient China. "Historical Records Biography of Gan Mao The awl" says: "The awl is witty and wise, and the Qin people call it a' think tank'." The biography of Han Chao Cuo said: "The prince's family is a' think tank'." Yan Shigu's note: "Everything on him is a smart calculation, if it is a bag." China ancient screen guest, admonisher, door guest, counselor, strategist, etc. It belongs to a think tank dedicated to decision makers. These people are generally knowledgeable and talented. After being reused by the rulers, it will have a great impact on the development of the country's political, economic and military situation. In the history of our country, there are countless such examples. Jiang Shang, for example, was appointed as a military adviser after three trips to Wei River in Zhou Wenwang. He was far-sighted and brilliant, and played an important role as a staff officer in conquering victory, pacifying the world and establishing the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qin Mugong recruited Yu Yu from Xirong, redeemed Prissy from Chu with five sheepskins, recruited Uncle Jian, and recruited Pipao and Gong from the State of Jin, all of which were reused. They helped Qin annexed 20 small countries and became the overlord at that time; Filial piety brought Shang Yang, reused Zhang Yi and reused Zhang Yi from Wei. , all attached importance to and played the role of "think tank", thus laying the foundation of imperial industry. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang destroyed Xiang Yu and won the world. One of the important reasons is that Liu Bang's "wise men are like clouds", and there are a number of think tanks such as Sean, Xiao He and Li Shiqi. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei of Shu Han visited the hut and invited Zhuge Liang to enjoy the world. Emperor Taizong was an enlightened monarch who reused his brain. He ruled the world with the help of Wei Zhi and others, so there was a prosperous time of Zhenguan. In the Qing Dynasty, Huang Taiji paid attention to the role of a think tank, boldly reformed in the face of difficulties, and achieved success, thus becoming a rising star in history.
Think tank system also has a long history abroad. 65438+In 1930s, King Gustav II of Sweden set up an advisory assistant in his army in an irregular way. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/7th century, Louis XIV of France held the post of Chief of Staff in his army. /kloc-at the beginning of the 9th century, scharnhorst, a Prussian military reformer, established the chief of staff system in the army, and used the collective brains of the chief of staff to assist the commander-in-chief in making decisions. American President Jackson, who took office from 65438 to 0828, appointed some talents, often discussed state affairs with them in the kitchen of the White House and decided on major policies, forming the so-called "kitchen cabinet".
Although there were many think tanks in ancient history and some think tank systems were formed, at that time, they often served decision makers in an individual way and with their own experience; The emergence of modern think tanks was after the Second World War. After the Second World War, the international economy developed rapidly, science and technology advanced by leaps and bounds, and the market competition was unprecedentedly fierce. Modern management decision makers are faced with the grim situation of diverse goals, complex structure, comprehensive functions, extensive contents and rapid changes. The comprehensiveness, complexity and randomness of decision-making problem determine that it must be undertaken by a think tank composed of experts with multidisciplinary knowledge and technology. The British Association of Consulting Engineers was established in 19 13, which is the embryonic form of modern consulting. The Brookings Institution was founded in 19 16, and the Hoover Institution was founded in 19 19. These two comprehensive policy research institutions are the beginning of contemporary think tanks. The RAND Corporation participated in the work of the US Military Staff Office during the Second World War, and later developed into a comprehensive strategic research institution, known as the pioneer of think tanks in the western world.
The participation of think tanks in government decision-making has become an important political phenomenon in the contemporary world. According to data, there are about 4,500 think tanks in the world today, including about 2,500 in the United States. In China, it has always been a tradition for intellectuals to influence government policies. In recent years, China's folk think tanks have developed rapidly and gradually expanded in scale, playing an irreplaceable role in the country's political life. The future war is not only a confrontation of force, but also a contest of knowledge and intelligence. How to effectively mobilize private think tanks to serve the war is an important issue. The mobilization value of folk think tanks should not be underestimated. Folk think tanks have gathered a large number of experts and scholars, and their research horizons cover political, military, economic, cultural and other fields. They can put forward valuable thoughts on national defense construction and even highly targeted guiding principles for military operations through comprehensive analysis of the situation at home and abroad, thus providing an important basis for decision makers to make decisions. Many American military strategies come from private think tanks. For example, the missile defense system was established at the suggestion of non-governmental think tanks. Before George W. Bush came to power, think tanks including RAND Corporation and Heritage Foundation published more than 200 research reports every year, constantly creating public opinion for the establishment of missile defense system. In addition, folk think tanks can also play a unique role in information communication and diplomatic negotiations by virtue of their unofficial role. For example, in order to win wide international support, non-governmental think tanks can freely enter and leave third countries in an unofficial capacity and participate in relevant academic seminars. At the same time, it can play a role that some official diplomatic channels cannot play. At present, this "second track" has become a recognized channel for foreign exchange. At present, the construction of think tanks in China is still in its infancy, and there are still some problems such as insufficient attention, low construction quality, poor "information channel", serious "second-hand information" and weak independent innovation ability. In the face of the increasingly fierce intellectual contest in modern wars, while vigorously strengthening the construction of military think tanks, we cannot ignore the important role of private think tanks. It is necessary to focus on the overall needs of China's military strategy, do a good job in mobilizing private think tanks, build a national defense policy think tank system that combines military and civilian, complements each other and promotes each other, and provide decision-making and planning support for "winning." Whether individuals provide decision support, think tanks or think tanks, or provide decision support through other channels, the principle of "think twice before you act" remains unchanged.