Main contents of purchasing demand
An important content of purchasing demand is technical specifications, such as quality, performance, function, volume, symbols, signs, technologies and methods. On the one hand, technical specifications reflect the purchasing demand, which is often a basic requirement of budget units. On the other hand, technical specifications are also the basis for evaluating suppliers' responses. The preparation of technical specifications is a highly technical and time-consuming work, which directly affects the procurement effect of the whole project.
The budget unit shall specify the demand of the procurement project, and demonstrate the technical specifications and service requirements of the procurement project in the early stage of procurement. If it is difficult to clearly refine the procurement requirements, you can invite procurement consulting experts or relevant industry experts to demonstrate the procurement requirements. Before determining the purchase demand, we should fully understand the market information, and we should not only adopt the scheme recommended by a few suppliers as the demand index. It is worth mentioning that unreasonable high-tech configuration will lead to idle and waste of resources, and low-tech configuration can not meet the actual functional requirements, so the procurement requirements should be realistic. After market research and demonstration of purchasing demand, budget units should not disclose the results of preliminary demonstration of purchasing demand to suppliers, otherwise it will not be conducive to full competition in the purchasing process and the purchasing results may be unsatisfactory. As the saying goes? No one wants to watch the ball without suspense? . As a supplier, we should consider how to use various marketing strategies to win the purchase contract, so as to win business opportunities. Budget units should also learn a little marketing and purchasing psychology.
In many cases, suppliers can't respond to procurement requirements, often because the procurement technical specifications are unclear, incomplete or unreasonable. Thus, the formulation of specifications is the most critical link in procurement.
In practice, the most common problems in formulating technical specifications are: insufficient preparation time for formulating technical specifications; Employees are not proficient in business or overconfident; Lack of necessary professional and expert participation and consultation; Technical specifications are too strict; Technical specifications are biased or exclusive, restricting competition, and so on.
Classification of online procurement
Online procurement platforms are displayed according to software functions, which are generally divided into bidding procurement, bidding procurement, negotiation procurement and direct procurement.
Bidding procurement is divided into open bidding procurement and invited bidding procurement. 1) Public bidding procurement refers to the procurement method in which the procurement unit publicly issues a tender announcement on the Internet and invites uncertain suppliers to participate in online bidding; 2) Invited bidding procurement refers to the procurement method in which the procurement unit sends out an invitation to bid and invites more than five specific suppliers to participate in online bidding.
Bidding procurement, also known as? Reverse auction procurement? , is a new procurement method combining bidding and online bidding. It enables the buyer to obtain the best price through the online price reduction competition of suppliers, which greatly reduces the procurement cost. Online bidding procurement is widely used in industrial product procurement, government procurement and global procurement. For example, Wal-Mart, Carrefour, IBM, Microsoft and other well-known multinational companies all use online bidding for global procurement. According to different purchasing objects, buyers can choose different purchasing methods, and indirect production materials such as office supplies are generally purchased by bidding or direct procurement; Strategic resources and important direct means of production are generally purchased by bidding or negotiation; The purchase of maintenance and service materials with small purchase volume generally adopts direct purchase; Bidding or negotiation is generally used for products with complex technology and non-standard products or materials with large purchase amount;
Classification of online procurement industry
According to the function and nature, it can be roughly divided into enterprise e-procurement; Online procurement of finance and insurance industry; Government e-procurement; Public resource trading center business; Online purchasing in colleges and universities; Comprehensive business of bidding agency.
Advantages of online procurement
Compared with traditional procurement methods, online procurement has the following advantages:
1. Enterprises can find more suppliers online, even all over the country. The range of choices has greatly increased.
2. Due to the high efficiency of Internet and quick information exposure, the procurement time is generally shortened;
3. There are a large number of suppliers in the procurement network, so enterprises can get the best price and reduce the procurement cost;
4. The online purchasing cycle is short and the operation is fast, which makes it possible for enterprises to have zero inventory;
5. Online transactions make transactions more transparent and reduce the possibility of black-box operation.
Research shows that online purchasing can reduce the purchasing cost by 70% and the product cost by 5%- 15%. Significantly reducing procurement costs is the core driving force to promote enterprises to adopt online procurement.
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