(1) Optimum Planting Area of Myrica rubra (Ⅰ)
This area belongs to Siming Mountain, Tiantai Mountain and Yandang Mountain, including Dinghai, Ningbo, Taizhou and most parts of Wenzhou in Zhoushan. Influenced by the maritime climate, the famous Myrica rubra, Myrica rubra in late rice, Myrica rubra in Dongkui and Prunus mume are all produced here, which is the main producing area of Myrica rubra in Zhejiang Province, accounting for more than 75% of the total output and area of Zhejiang Province. According to the different climate, topography and geological background, this area can be divided into three sub-regions (I- 1) and Ningzhou sub-region (I-2).
Figure 6-2 Zoning Map of Bayberry Production Suitability in Zhejiang Province
1. warm yellow partition (I- 1)
This sub-region is mainly distributed in Linhai, Huangyan, Wenling, Ouhai, Yueqing, Yuhuan and other counties and cities south of Sanmen Bay. There are 8 local Myrica rubra varieties in Huangyan, including Shui Mei, Charcoal Plum and White Myrica rubra. At the end of 1950s, Dongkui, an excellent variety with large fruit type, was bred by Jiangkou Dongao and Linjiaao. The fruit is highly spherical and extra large, with an average single fruit weight of 25.2 grams, an average single fruit weight of 50 grams and a maximum fruit shape of 78 grams. It is the largest variety in the world at present. The fruit is deep red or purple, the meat column is slightly thick, the juice is rich and the flavor is rich. Sugar content 13.4%, total sugar 9.5%, total acid 1.36%, edible rate 94.87%. It is one of the four excellent varieties of Myrica rubra in Zhejiang Province.
The climate in this area is suitable. In winter, there is no low temperature ≤-9℃ (altitude 100m), which is also the windward slope of the southeast monsoon. From July to September, the frequency of drought is low in summer and autumn, plum rains appear early, and there is much rain in June, which is very beneficial to the fruit of Myrica rubra.
2. Ningzhou Sub-region (Ⅰ-2)
This sub-region includes Yuyao, Cixi, Xiangshan, Fenghua and other counties (cities), and the terrain is mainly Siming Mountain and Tiantai Mountain. Geographical location is close to the northeast of Zhejiang, and the low temperature may be ≤- 9℃( 10% or less) in winter. At present, bayberry is mainly distributed in Yuyao and Cixi. In the low mountain and gentle slope areas on both sides of the Yaojiang River Basin, the main production areas of water chestnut have basically taken shape, with Sanqi Town, Zhang Ting Town, Hemudu Town and Yuyao Town in the east of Yaodong, and the main production areas of powder seed (Xishan White Myrica rubra) are mainly in Mazhu Town and Moushan Town in Yao Xi. Its production has the following characteristics: first, the cultivation area is the largest in China, and the output is in the forefront, making it the largest seed producing area in China; Second, the planting is becoming more and more standardized, and the provincial local standard Yuyao Yangmei series standards have been promoted and implemented in the producing areas. Third, the fruit quality is good. The main variety Eleocharis tuberosa is the first fresh food processing variety recommended by domestic experts, with excellent quality and average fruit weight 10g. It is colorful, juicy, sweet and sour, and rich in various minerals and vitamins. There are 62,000 mu of Myrica rubra in Cixi, of which 60,000 mu has been put into production, and the production area and annual output are the highest at the county (city, district) level in China. There are about 35,000 mu of Yangmei bases in Henghe and Kuangyan, the main producing areas of Yangmei, which are distributed in Meiyuan, Longnan, Dashan, Ganbing, Tongao, Dong Fan and other villages. The famous "water chestnut species" and "early large species" are the main types of Myrica rubra in Cixi, accounting for more than 95% of the total area.
(2) Suitable planting area of Myrica rubra (Ⅱ)
This area includes Shaoxing city, part of Hangzhou city, most of Huzhou city, Tiantai, Xianju and other places. Topographically, it belongs to both sides of Qiantang River estuary, Huiji Mountain, Kuocang Mountain, Donggong Mountain, Yandang Mountain and other mountainous areas. Influenced by Qiantang River and Taihu Lake in the north, the temperature and humidity conditions are suitable for bayberry growth. According to the characteristics of topography and climate, it can be divided into Hangshao (Ⅱ-1) and Tiantai-Yongjia (Ⅱ-2).
1. Ya District of Hangzhou (Ⅱ-1)
Xiaoshan, Yuhang and Shangyu in this subregion are one of the famous producing areas of Myrica rubra in Zhejiang Province. At present, the planting area of Myrica rubra exceeds 40,000 mu. Due to the influence of Qiantang River and Caoe River, the air humidity in this area is also beneficial to the growth of Myrica rubra. The temperature is suitable from May to June, but there is low temperature and freezing injury in winter. So plant it on the south hillside or mix it with other trees.
2. Tiantai-Yongjia subzone (II-2)
This sub-region includes Tiantai, Xianju, Yongjia and Wencheng. Planting in areas with suitable altitude, there is no low temperature freezing injury in winter, abundant precipitation in June and drought in summer. However, the eastern part of this sub-region is blocked by mountains such as Yandang Mountain and Tiantai Mountain, and there is no humidity and temperature regulation of large water bodies in this region. The temperature is high in May and June, and the development of Myrica rubra meat column is slightly poor, which has certain influence on Myrica rubra varieties. In view of the high temperature in May and June in this sub-region, the mountain overlapping shady slope with an altitude of 200 ~ 400 m can be selected for cultivation, which is expected to improve the variety and yield of Myrica rubra.
(3) General suitable areas for planting Myrica rubra (3)
This area is mainly the inland area of Zhejiang Province, belonging to Jinqu Basin, Longmen Mountain, Xianxialing Mountain, Tianmu Mountain and other mountains. Most areas are in the upper reaches of Qiantang River and Xitiaoxi River, including most of Hangjiahu Plain, mountainous areas in northwest Zhejiang, Jinqu Basin and mountainous areas in southwest Zhejiang. Except for most areas in Hangjiahu Plain, the temperature in this area is relatively high from May to June, and the humidity temperature is relatively low. The quality of Myrica rubra is far worse than that in Area I and Area II, and the annual variation range is large, with the coefficient of variation of 0.50% ~ 0.68%. But there are also high-quality bayberry growing in Lishui and Dayegang near Taihu Lake in Changxing. The region has a large span from north to south, and there are obvious differences in climate, topography and geomorphology, which can be divided into four sub-regions.
1. Lishui Sub-region in Southwest Zhejiang (Ⅲ-1)
This sub-region is mainly the hilly area in southwest Zhejiang, with high temperature in winter and generally no low temperature freezing injury. Abundant precipitation in March-June is beneficial to waxberry fruit hypertrophy, but due to high temperature and low humidity in May-June. In addition, the summer drought is severe (the frequency is 15% ~ 20%), which affects the yield and quality. Because this area is located in the hilly region of southwest Zhejiang, with overlapping mountains, continuous peaks and diverse mountain climate, Myrica rubra can be developed in shady slopes, mountain docks and mountainous areas with good microclimate environment.
2. Tonglu-Jiande Sub-region in Northwest Zhejiang (Ⅲ-2)
This sub-region includes Tonglu, Jiande, Fuyang, Chun 'an, Pujiang, Zhuji and other places, in which the production of Myrica rubra in Tonglu and Jiande has a certain scale, but the quality is not as good as that in Area I, and the local Myrica rubra varieties are mainly reddish. The frequency below -9℃ in winter in this area is about 10%. However, the high temperature and low humidity from May to June affect the yield and quality. You can choose to develop Myrica rubra on the hillside by the river.
3. Zhejiang Jinqu Basin Sub-region (Ⅲ-3)
This sub-region is mainly the Zhongjinqu Basin in Zhejiang, including Jinhua City and most parts of Quzhou City. The temperature in this sub-region is high in winter, and there is generally no low-temperature freezing injury, with abundant precipitation from March to June. However, due to the high temperature, it is not conducive to the hypertrophy of Myrica rubra pulp, and its quality is only at the middle and lower level, far less than that in the first area.
4. Changlin-Jiaxing Sub-region in Northern Zhejiang (Ⅲ-4)
This sub-region is mainly the majority of Hangjiahu Plain in northern Zhejiang and Changxing, Lin 'an and other places in northwestern Zhejiang. Although Jiaxing and other places have favorable conditions for maritime climate, because they are located in the north of Zhejiang, they are most affected by cold air in winter, and the frequency of winter temperature below -9℃ in this area is above 20%, which affects the yield and quality. Changxing and Lin 'an have a certain planting area of Myrica rubra, but the annual output of Myrica rubra is very different. The development of Myrica rubra should be planted on the hillside below 300 meters above sea level.