What is the first surname clan with history in Ningxia? In the long history that followed, which surnames and clans appeared in Ningxia one after another, and wrote a rich and colorful stroke? In a future column, we will uncover the stories of these surnames and their families for you.
Tuguhun was an ancient Xianbei country that ruled the northwest from the end of Western Jin Dynasty to the beginning of Tang Dynasty. After the late Northern Wei Dynasty, its power gradually became strong, and it became a powerful country in the Central Plains dynasty. The Eastern Wei Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty all kissed each other. Princess Guanghua in Sui Dynasty was the second wife of Tuguhun, Princess Honghua in Tang Dynasty was the queen of Noccu Khan, and the owners of Jincheng County and Jinming County married Prince Tuguhun. Later, because Tubo occupied Tuyuhun, Nonibo and Princess Honghua moved to Lingzhou (now Wuzhong, Ningxia). The Tuguhun royal family in Lingzhou inherited Khan and was crowned king, which was well received by the Tang Dynasty 126.
Rule the northwest for 300 years
Tuguhun is a surname, a country name and a person name. Tuguhun was originally the brother of Ruoluoyao, the leader of Murong Department of Xianbei nationality in Liaodong, Western Jin Dynasty. Around 280 AD, in order to avoid the fighting between brothers, Tuguhun led 700 families to herd cattle and drive them westward. About 3 13 AD, he stopped in Han Dynasty (now Linxia, Gansu Province) and conquered Qiang tribes in Qinghai, Gannan and western Sichuan by force to establish a kingdom. Tuguhun died in 3 17, and his eldest son Tuyan succeeded to the throne. In 329, Tuyan extended the cotyledon to the throne, and Tuguhun was the name of the family and the country. Since then, after the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuguhun's power has become more and more powerful. By 445 AD, its influence had crossed the Green Mountain in the Western Regions, invaded the south of the country (now from northern India to Afghanistan) and reached Central Asia. It has long controlled the nationalities such as Di, Qiang and Xiaoyue in the west and ruled the western region of China.
Tuguhun has a vast territory and is extremely dangerous. A good horse travels thousands of miles a day. If a city is unguarded, it will live with aquatic plants. Is this a convention? Rats play with cats? Tactics, and the Central Plains Dynasty. In the late Northern Wei Dynasty, the 15th King Kwalu? Since the Khan? . Quaru has been in power for a hundred years. Once made friends with the Eastern Wei Dynasty, made friends with the Eastern Wei Dynasty. In the Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties, relying on clever soldiers and swift horses, they invaded the border and triggered many wars. Although defeated, it did not harm the country. In 596 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty married Guanghua Princess and succeeded to the throne. The following year, the master was killed by China people, and his brother Fuyun married Guanghua Princess according to the family custom. After the princess gave birth to Murong Shun, she gave it to the Sui Dynasty as a proton. In 608, because Fuyun constantly plundered the territory of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Di personally led the Sixth Army, occupied the eastern part of Tuyuhun, and made Murong Shun Khan, but he could not enter the DPRK to succeed to the throne. In 6 17, Fu Yun took advantage of the decline and fall of the Sui Dynasty to recover lost ground and repeatedly defeated the Tubo invasion.
In 6 18 AD, the Sui Dynasty was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty, but Fu Yun still wantonly occupied the territory of the Tang Dynasty. In June of the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), the enraged Emperor Taizong sent troops to the west. In June 5438+10, Tuguhun was defeated and was followed far away, repeating itself? Rats play with cats? Unique skill, Emperor Taizong imperial edict Tang Jun main search Fuyun. Tang Jun's multi-channel troops left Qinghai Lake, crossed quicksand for 600 miles, marched for thousands of miles, and chased Qiemo (now Qiemo County, Xinjiang). In April of the following year, Fu Yun hanged himself at the end of the road, and people surrendered to Tang Jun. In the Tang Dynasty, Murong Shun was called Khan, Tianzhu King was beheaded, and Tugu Hunguo was restored. Soon, Murong Shun was killed by China people and made his son Yan Wang Khan. Noniber was young when he succeeded to the throne, and domestic ministers fought for power and profit, and civil strife continued. Emperor Taizong ordered the general Hou to help, wiped out the opposition forces, and then named him Khan King and Heyuan County. Since then, Tuguhun has been using the calendar years of the Tang Dynasty as the title of the Tang Dynasty.
The princess married Nora.
In the 13th year of Zhenguan (639), Nuoju entered the Tang Dynasty, donated tens of thousands of cattle, horses and sheep, and married the princess. Emperor Taizong named the daughter of Li Daoming, the king of Huaiyin, as Princess Honghua and married her. Princess Honghua is the niece of Tang Gaozu Li Yuan and the cousin of Emperor Taizong. She was smart and beautiful since she was a child, and she received strict education from her family, and her intelligence was quite high. She is both talented and beautiful, and she is the closest relative to the emperor among the princesses in the Tang Dynasty. In 640, Princess Honghua, who was only 65,438+08 years old, left Chang 'an and, under the escort of her father Li Daoming and General Murong Bao, arrived at Tuguhun Capital Fucheng (now Shinaihai Township, * * County, Qinghai Province) and married Nonibo.
Princess Honghua shouldered the mission of the emperor of the Tang Dynasty all her life, standing in the bitter and desolate Xixi without any regrets, assisting Nuoju and guarding the western border of the Tang Dynasty. Tuguhun sent envoys to pay tribute every year. Emperor Taizong not only treated him with courtesy, but also attached great importance to Nuoju. Before the death of Emperor Taizong, the imperial edict carved the image of the minority leader appointed by 14 into a statue and stood in front of his mausoleum, including Nuo Nuo Bowl. In 649 AD, Tang Gaozong succeeded to the throne, and Bai Nuo became a captain of Ma Xu in the Tang Dynasty. Nuo Nuo Bo sent a delegation to Beijing to congratulate him and presented many famous horses in Qinghai. Tang Gaozong thought it was too precious to occupy his love, so he asked his envoy to take the horse back to Tuguhun. In 653 AD, Princess Honghua invited her to North Korea, and Tang Gaozong made an exception and allowed her. In October of A.D. 165438+, Nojibo and Princess Honghua arrived in Chang 'an, becoming the only pro-princesses who returned to the DPRK in the Tang Dynasty. Tang Gaozong worshipped his eldest son Su Du Momo as the left leader, and named Wu Zetian's nephew and granddaughter as the monarch of Jincheng to marry Su Du Momo. Later, Su Du Momo died, and Princess Honghua took her second son, right general Wuwei and Liang Hanwang Lumomo, to propose to North Korea, and Tang Gaozong married her to the imperial concubine Jin Ming. At this point, a princess and two princesses in Datang successively married Tuguhun and formed several generations of in-laws.
Tubo captured Tuyuhun.
In the third year of Tang Longshuo (663), the two countries began to attack each other and wars were frequent. Both Tubo and Tuguhun wrote to the Tang Dynasty, telling the truth and asking for help. Because both countries are vassal countries, they all have princesses and relatives, and they did not get the consent of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Su, the minister of Tuyuhun, went to Tubo, and when Tubo learned about it, he sent troops on a large scale. Tuguhun fought against Tubo in Heyuan area. Because a traitor collaborated with the enemy, Nuoju was defeated and fled to Liangzhou with Princess Honghua. However, the population, herds and military strength of many tribes have been reduced to Tubo. Afterwards, the Tang Dynasty took the general Su as an envoy to Anji to mediate. Because Tubo and Tuyuhun were completely merged, Tuyuhun tribal leaders talked about surrendering to the Qin Mausoleum, and the national situation doubled, refusing to quit Tuyuhun. Tang Gaozong had to stay in Liangzhou temporarily in Jeannot, and sealed the green king.
After Qin Ling surrendered to Tubo, he actively opposed the Tang Dynasty, and was always valued by Tubo. When Tubo Zampa was young, it was said that the Qinling brothers were in charge of state affairs, which harmed the Tang Dynasty for more than 30 years. Because the Tang Dynasty allowed Tubo to grow bigger, its forces approached the territory of the Tang Dynasty and became invincible enemies. In 670 AD, Tubo captured four towns in the western regions of the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty felt that the situation was serious. In April of that year, General Xue was sent to lead a 65,438+10,000-strong army to the western expedition to Qinghai in an attempt to recover the territory of Tuyuhun and reopen the passage to the western regions. In World War I, Xue's army was surrounded by 400,000 Tibetan soldiers and horses, and almost all of them were wiped out. Tang Jun was defeated, Tuguhun failed to restore the country, and the passage to the western regions was blocked.
There is no hope of rejuvenating the country and moving to Lingzhou.
Tuguhun has no hope of reviving the country. In the Tang Dynasty, Neuber moved from Liangzhou to the south of Haomen River (now Datong River in Qinghai Province) in Shaanxi Province. Noveber thinks this place is close to Tubo, and the place is very small, which is not ideal. In the third year of Xianheng (672), the Tang Dynasty moved it to Lingzhou (now Wuzhong, Ningxia), set up an Anle House (now Mingsha Town, Zhongning County), set up the Tugu Hunbu Department, set up Noble as the secretariat, and placed Princess Honghua and her family in Lingzhou City. Wu Zetian hung on the arch for four years (AD 688), and Noniber died of illness. His son Murong Zhong succeeded to the throne, and he was made king of Qinghai in the Tang Dynasty. Princess Honghua continued to assist Murong Zhong in governing the Happy House.
On May 3, 698, Murong Zhong died. Princess Honghua, who is old and sickly, is very sad because her son died on the same day? Sleeping in the private parts of Lingzhou East Asia? (According to the epitaph of Princess Honghua) died at the age of 76. So far, Princess Honghua has lived in Lingzhou for 26 years. In March of the following year, its coffin arrived in Liangzhou and was buried in Yecheng Mountain, Ash Valley, Nanyang, Liangzhou.
The royal family perished in the northern army.
At the end of 755 A.D., the Anshi Rebellion broke out, civil strife broke out in the Tang Dynasty, the army was transferred eastward, and the northwest frontier was empty. Tubo took the opportunity to fight? Help the country and ask for thieves? A cover for a large-scale invasion of the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Zhide (AD 756), Tubo captured Yuefu, which was a territory of Lingzhou. In the Tang Dynasty, Tuguhun moved to the south of the Yellow River and set up Changle House (now Weizhou Town, Tongxin County, Ningxia). In the first year of Tang Guangde (762), Yuanzhou and Changle were occupied by Tubo, except for a few who stayed in Changle, most of them moved to Lingzhou and Yanzhou, and their troops were merged into the Shuofang Army (Zhiling Prefecture). Later, in order to avoid being plundered by Tubo, most of his troops moved eastward to Hetao and Shanxi in Inner Mongolia.
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Until the death of Mu Rongfu, King Tuyuhun attacked and closed it. Since then, the Tuguhun royal family has survived in Lingzhou of Datang for 126 years and has become extinct. In the late Tang Dynasty, Tuguhun was scattered all over the Tang Dynasty. According to historical records in the Five Dynasties, Tuguhun people were scattered in Yuzhou (now Yuxian County, Hebei Province) and other places. In 936, Yanyun belonged to Qidan, and this part of Tuyuhun people belonged to Qidan. Until the yuan dynasty, the history books still occasionally mentioned tuguhun department. After the Yuan Dynasty, Tuyuhun merged with the Han nationality or other nationalities, and Tuyuhun, who once dominated the northwest for more than 300 years, disappeared into the long river of history.