The author filmed in Nanjing Museum.
There are many ancient names in Nanjing in history, such as Jinling, Moling, Jianye, Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangning, Yingtian and so on. Behind every name is a historical story about Nanjing, among which three special names, Jianye, Jianye and Jiankang, will be introduced in this paper. Through these three names to explore the rise and fall and prosperity of Nanjing over the past 100 years.
In 2 1 1 year (the 16th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty), Sun Quan moved the political center of Jiangdong from Jingkou to Moling. In the second year, Moling was changed to Jianye, which means that the great cause of building the emperor will be built here. In 229 AD, the rising sun rose and Jianye was established as its capital. This is also the first time in history that Nanjing has been designated as the national capital.
But before that, Nanjing suffered a devastating "mountain-breaking" action.
The author filmed in Qinhuai River.
In 2 1 1 year BC (that is, the thirty-sixth year of the first emperor), when Qin Shihuang returned from his northern tour and passed through Jinling, a warlock told Qin Shihuang that Jinling had a "kingly way".
When Qin Shihuang heard this, he ordered people to cut mountains to make Qinhuai River cross Jinling. Also changed Jinling to Moling, in order to destroy Jinling's "kingly way".
Thirteen years after the death of Chu, the first emperor was thirty-six years old, and the first emperor traveled eastward and crossed the river. The gas watcher said, "Five hundred years later, Jinling has the gas of the son of heaven." Because of chiseling the bell mound, the long dragon of Jinling was cut off and flowed, and it has been called Qinhuai so far. ("A Record of Health, Volume I, Wu Shang")
Qin Shihuang thought that this would destroy the spirit of Jinling's imperial power and he could enjoy all the splendor, but he didn't expect Daqin to die the next year. What is even more surprising is that in less than 500 years, Nanjing became the son of heaven, or the Six Dynasties that lasted for hundreds of years.
The author filmed in Confucius Temple.
The prosperity of Wudu construction industry
Starting from Sun Quan, Soochow also experienced three dynasties: Shaodi, Jingdi and Houzhu, which lasted for 52 years. Jianye was the capital of Wu Dong in other periods except that it moved to Wuchang briefly in the late and middle period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Under the rule of Emperor Wu Dong, Nanjing has developed from a sparsely populated place into a prosperous place with dense population, developed handicrafts and commerce.
Sima Qian once described the south in Historical Records: Chu is more vast and sparsely populated ... or the water is flooded by fire ... So there are no people who are frozen and hungry in the south of Jianghuai, and there are no homes for Qian Qian's ten thousand daughters. "
It can be seen that during this period, Nanjing and even the Jiangnan area were still in the primitive state of vast territory, sparsely populated and underdeveloped.
Since Sun Quan succeeded to the throne, on the one hand, he used the favorable terrain around Jianye for military defense to resist the invasion of Cao Wei; On the other hand, vigorously develop the domestic economy, especially the construction industry, and constantly improve the personnel, economy and cultural level.
Supplement to personnel; Sun Quan adopted the method of combining rigidity with softness: first, recruiting talents; Absorb people who moved south from the Central Plains; Second, drive the people of Shanyue down the mountain; Third, capture thousands of residents from Yizhou and other places to supplement.
In terms of economic development, Sun Quan adapted to local conditions. Use the original river course in Jianye city to transform; Relying on the advantages of the Yangtze River and Qinhuai River, artificial rivers will be excavated to form an interconnected water transport network.
Dongwu waterway extends in all directions, especially the waterway network centered on Jianye at that time, which greatly promoted the development of Jianye and Jiangdong areas.
In addition, the developed shipbuilding industry and navigation technology in Dongwu also enabled a large number of important materials in Jiangdong, such as grain, salt, iron and resources obtained from overseas trade, to be transported to Jianye conveniently and quickly. This has also become the reason why Jianye business is so prosperous.
It can be said that after Sun Quan established the capital, Jianye had a great and far-reaching impact on the political, economic and cultural development of the South. At the same time, Jianye also became a veritable commercial city in the Three Kingdoms period.
The author filmed in Nanjing Museum.
The decline of Jianye in the Western Jin Dynasty
During the Western Jin Dynasty, Nanjing was once in a state of decline and was no longer a prosperous commercial capital.
In 265 AD, Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor, known as Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty in history, and Wei Yecheng was still the capital. In 280 AD, Enemy at the Gates, Jin Army and Sun Hao, the last emperor of Wu, had no strength to fight back, and led all the officials out of the city to surrender, and Soochow perished.
After Wuping, Sima Yan hated the geomantic omen and prosperity of Jianye and took some compulsory measures to deal with it:
1, change "Jianye" to "Jianye", with the intention of using the word "Ye" in the capital of Jin State to stabilize the "Ye" in the capital of Dongwu, thus breaking the geomancy of Jianye;
2. In order to lower Jianye's status, Jin established a three-level administrative system of states and counties, and Jianye was subordinate to Danyang County, one of the eighteen counties in Yangzhou.
Yangzhou has 173 counties, and Jianye belongs to one of them. This state is simply from "heaven" to "hell". The once prosperous capital has now become a small county, which is really in decline.
The author filmed in Nanjing Museum.
Jiankang in the Southern Dynasties once again ushered in glory.
After a short decline of 37 years, Nanjing finally ushered in the dawn, re-established the status of the capital and became famous again.
In 3 17 AD, Si Marui called the king the year of dynasty change, and established the ancestral temple in Jiankang (after Sima Ye ascended the throne, it was renamed Jiankang for taboo). In 3 18, he was officially proclaimed emperor, and the title was still Jin, which was called "Eastern Jin" in history, and Jiankang became the capital again.
Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen successively established their capitals here, and the construction and development of Nanjing, the national capital, also started.
The author filmed in Nanjing Museum.
1. The development of Buddhism. During the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism reached a peak, especially during the Liang Wudi period in the Southern Dynasties. There were hundreds of thousands of monks and nuns alone, which shows that Jiankang Buddhism was so prosperous at that time. In "Southern History Officials and Guo Zushen Biography", there is such a piece of information:
There are over 500 Buddhist temples, which are extremely poor and magnificent. 10 More than ten thousand monks and nuns have abundant assets. Your county is beyond words.
The capital is Jiankang, where there are more than 500 magnificent Buddhist temples,100000 monks and nuns, not to mention other counties and counties, countless. It can be said that in the same period of China, the Buddhist culture of Jiankang was the first.
2. A gathering place for celebrities. Zu Chongzhi, a famous mathematician and astronomer, Wang Xizhi, a book sage, Gu Kaizhi, a painter, Ge Hong, a medical scientist and other historical celebrities have all shined here.
3. The commercial economy is developed. Yangzhou has always been the most developed area in the Southern Dynasties. Jiankang belongs to the core area of Yangzhou and is the economic center of Sanwu area. In particular, handicrafts-based commerce is developing in full swing.
Danyang (referring to Jiankang) is located in old Beijing, with rich figures, a small number of businessmen, a gentleman funded by Lu Guan, and a city in Erjing, where people are mixed and customs are quite similar. (Excerpted from Geography of Sui Shu)
In just over a hundred years, the status of Nanjing has been changing constantly, from the capital-county seat-capital. The ups and downs between these are all due to the "Feng Shui" in Nanjing. After the death of Chen in the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ordered the entire Jiankang City to be razed to the ground, which was also the reason.
In the history of Nanjing, there were prosperity and depression. Only the names of Jianye-Jianye-Jiankang witnessed this process, so they are not only the names of a city, but also a proud history of urban development.