Cold chain logistics generally refers to a systematic project that frozen foods and drugs are always in a prescribed low temperature environment in all aspects of production, storage, transportation and sales, as well as before consumption, so as to ensure product quality and reduce loss.
According to the forecast of China IOT Cold Chain Committee, the total demand of cold chain logistics in China will reach 65.438+0.8 billion tons in 2065.438+08, an increase of 33 million tons over the previous year, with an increase of 22.65438+0%.
The scale of cold chain logistics market was 303.5 billion yuan, up 48.5 billion yuan over the previous year, up 19% year-on-year, keeping pace with the demand.
In 20 18, the cold storage market in China is expected to increase by 4.88 million tons, with a year-on-year increase of 10.3%. And from the new region, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Jinan, Chongqing, Dalian and other second-and third-tier cities have seen a large increase.
On the surface, the cold chain market is a promising market, but the actual development is not as glamorous as it seems. The money in the cold chain logistics industry is not as good as we thought. According to relevant surveys, the average net profit of the cold chain logistics industry is about 8% to 10%, and it is still decreasing.
As far as the development prospect is concerned, China's cold chain logistics industry should be as agile and rapid as rabbits. Why is the actual development gap so big?
A comprehensive view is:
First, the cold chain circulation rate is low.
Cold chain circulation rate refers to the proportion of cold chain logistics in all logistics.
The gap between the circulation rate of cold chain logistics in China and developed countries is more than half. Relevant statistics show that the cold chain circulation rates of fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products in China are 22%, 34% and 465, 438+0% respectively, and the refrigerated transportation rates are 35%, 57% and 69% respectively. Most fresh products are still circulating at room temperature. In Europe, America, Japan and other developed countries, the refrigerated transportation rate of perishable food has exceeded 90%, and the cold chain circulation rate is as high as 95%~98%.
Second, transportation is difficult.
Generally speaking, it takes at least half a day for fresh products to reach the local area, and it takes two to three days or even longer to reach nearby provinces. Such transportation not only costs customers a long time to wait, but also reduces the freshness of products.
It is inevitable that some areas need to spend time, but some areas spend unreasonable time because of unreasonable road planning, which leads to a series of problems in transportation, which is undoubtedly harmful to cold chain logistics transportation.
Third, resources are scattered and the degree of integration is low.
Behind the broad development prospect of cold chain logistics industry is unbalanced development. As far as the logistics industry is concerned, the cold chain logistics has a low concentration and lacks a giant with super integration ability.
No giant has integrated all kinds of resources in the cold chain logistics industry, failed to systematize and scale, and failed to form scale effect for optimal scheduling. Therefore, the transportation scheduling of cold chain transport vehicles will be so difficult, to some extent, it is a flicker, which will drag down the overall profitability of the cold chain logistics industry.
In fact, behind the problems of low cold chain circulation rate, difficult transportation, scattered resources and low integration, there is the simplest and most fundamental core problem, that is, vehicle transportation scheduling.
All logistics industries have a * * * nature: they can't do without transportation.
As far as cold chain logistics is concerned, the most basic tool is the refrigerated truck, which can run fast and stop, so there is no need to worry about the development of cold chain logistics.
Today's market situation is: as of 20 18, there were only150,000 refrigerated trucks in China, and as early as 20 14, the number of refrigerated trucks in developed countries such as Japan and the United States exceeded150,000, which is one of the reasons why the loss of fruits and vegetables in China is greater than the total output of Japan in one year.
Secondly, it is difficult to dispatch cold transport vehicles. In the market, we often encounter such a situation. Cold chain drivers can't find the source of goods, but a lot of fresh food is damaged because the freight is not timely. What is the reason? There is no * * * enjoyment resources, and there is information asymmetry between the owner and the driver.
There is another situation: the owner sends out the goods, but no driver is willing to take the order, and the final result is an increase in food damage rate. Why? The freight price is unreasonable, and drivers will lose money on fuel and other vehicle expenses during transportation.
Why is cold chain logistics developing slowly? The reason is very simple, eight words: vehicle transportation scheduling is difficult.
Although there are few refrigerated trucks in China, as long as the existing refrigerated trucks can "run", then everything is not a problem, and the cold chain logistics industry will naturally follow suit!
How to solve the problem of difficult vehicle transportation scheduling? Lengyi Yunli Technology Co., Ltd. solved this problem. Please look forward to the next article to explain how to solve it.