1 Problems in cost management and cost control of electromechanical installation project
1. 1 unscientific cost calculation.
When compiling the project cost budget, the comprehensive ability of relevant personnel is uneven, and the calculation of project list is not accurate enough, which causes the problem of high project cost. When signing the contract, some contract managers did not carefully review the contents of the contract, and there were violations of the contract in the mechanical and electrical installation project. Some construction workers do not operate according to the contract, which leads to the failure of cost management and cost control.
1.2 paid insufficient attention to cost management and cost control.
The corresponding managers do not pay enough attention to the cost management and cost control of electromechanical installation engineering. In the engineering design stage, the cost is relatively small, but the work in this stage accounts for more than 80% of the total project cost. In the actual implementation process, the work in the design stage has not been highly valued, which makes the electromechanical installation project not comprehensive in economic and technical indicators.
1.3 lacks advanced management concepts.
At present, cost management and cost control personnel despise decision-making and attach importance to construction in the specific work process. Some units pay too much attention to economic benefits and change the relevant documents of design units at will, which not only increases the price of materials, but also brings certain security risks to the project construction. At the same time, in the whole mechanical and electrical installation process, there is a lack of advanced management concepts, and there are a lot of illegal acts in some construction links, which greatly increases the project cost.
2 electromechanical installation project cost management and cost control factors
2. 1 design factors
Engineering design has certain influence on engineering quality, but it also affects engineering cost [2]. The rationality of engineering design is an important factor in engineering cost management and cost control. In the actual implementation process, engineering designers lack cost consciousness, and some engineering design units are restricted by the design period and the comprehensive quality of designers, which leads to the lack of rationality in engineering design.
2.2 Human factors
In the mechanical and electrical installation engineering design, due to the difference of technical level of engineering designers, there may be problems in the engineering scheme, which will affect the quality and cost of mechanical and electrical installation engineering. In the specific construction stage, the technical level of the construction personnel is not high, and the construction operation is not carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations, which affects the cost management. The project construction quality is not up to standard, so it needs to be reworked, which increases the cost.
2.3 Equipment factors
The quality of building materials and the quality of equipment used have certain influence on the cost management and cost control of electromechanical installation. If the building materials are unqualified, it will not only lay a safety hazard for the use of the building, but also cause the project to be reworked many times and increase the project cost. At the same time, the use efficiency, energy consumption and damage probability of mechanical equipment have a certain impact on engineering construction, and the construction equipment can not run smoothly, which will prolong the construction period and increase the cost of labor and other aspects.
2.4 Change factors
Mechanical and electrical installation involves many aspects, such as civil engineering, water and electricity or decoration, which need scientific and reasonable distribution in different professional fields. Only in this way can the construction efficiency be improved. In this regard, in the specific construction process of building electromechanical installation engineering, it may conflict with other majors. In this case, it is necessary to make appropriate changes to the project, which will lead to the increase of project cost and affect project cost control and cost management. Figure 1 is the cost management flow chart of electromechanical installation project.
3 electromechanical installation project cost management and cost control strategy
3. 1 Scientifically set the targets of cost management and cost control
Before the mechanical and electrical installation project starts, the relevant cost personnel need to carefully read the bidding documents, construction drawings and construction contracts, especially pay attention to the review of the "flexible" clause. After careful consideration and analysis of different internal and external factors, the key links of mechanical and electrical installation cost control are obtained and further strengthened, and colleagues formulate corresponding preventive measures. In terms of technical disclosure of mechanical and electrical installation, the cost department raised a series of questions to the construction enterprises to ensure that the actual cost has high economy and improve the rationality and feasibility of the cost [3].
3.2 Material control
In the concrete implementation process of electromechanical installation, the reasonable procurement of materials is the most basic work in the whole project, and materials account for the largest proportion of the project cost, which has a direct impact on the project cost. Material quality plays a decisive role in the overall quality of the project, so it is very important to purchase materials reasonably. (1) The standardization of material procurement is high: relevant technicians should attach great importance to the standardization of materials when purchasing materials, and only in this way can the quality of electromechanical installation engineering be guaranteed. Taking a water supply project as an example, valves need to be purchased during pipeline installation. There are many kinds of valves, such as butterfly valves, pressure reducing valves, globe valves and gate valves. Pipes and valves are connected by threads, flanges, etc. The materials used are metallic or nonmetallic materials, and some piping systems also use synthetic materials. These materials have many brands and different prices. In the process of selecting these materials, relevant technicians need to follow the material selection specifications, which is of great significance to the construction quality and cost control. (2) Rationality of material selection: analyzing the rationality of material selection involves the rationality of cost and quality. When purchasing, we can't just consider the low price of materials and ignore the quality of materials. In addition, the selected materials should have high security to meet the needs of the group and protect the rights and interests of users. In the process of reviewing the drawings, the contractor, the construction unit and the supervision unit should keep communication and put the safety of construction and future use in the first place. Such as the installation of transformers, water pumps, diesel generator sets, etc. Usually, only the installation enterprise is required to report the labor cost and installation cost. , and the materials and related equipment used are basically purchased by the construction unit through bidding [4]. However, the use of this procurement method will affect the project cost management to a certain extent. The different materials and equipment used in the mechanical and electrical installation project are very professional, which has a great influence on the overall cost of the project. In this case, a relatively flexible inquiry system is needed to ensure that the procurement of materials and equipment is effectively controlled in terms of cost and quality.
3.3 Strictly control the mechanical and electrical installation change visa.
Because in the process of electromechanical installation, the construction is relatively complicated, which has a lot of influence on cost control. In the actual construction, there are some hidden projects, and the problem of changing the visa often occurs. In case of visa change, the construction unit, design unit, construction unit, supervision unit, cost department and other relevant personnel should be organized to analyze and coordinate the change in detail, and strictly control the visa change on the basis of ensuring the construction period and construction quality, so as to provide a relatively scientific and reliable basis for future project payment.
3.4 improve the quality of enterprise personnel, so that the rights and responsibilities are clear.
In the concrete implementation process of electromechanical installation, personnel at all levels belong to the main body of cost control. In order to further improve the quality of cost control, we must attach importance to the improvement of the quality of all employees in the enterprise, clarify the responsibilities of all post personnel, and establish the awareness of saving all employees in the installation enterprise. In view of the above viewpoints, we need to pay attention to the following problems: ① For the electromechanical installation project, we need to be fully responsible for the project and the team to ensure that the cost control is in direct proportion to the economic benefits; (2) According to the actual requirements of the project, materials procurement, construction equipment selection, acceptance, storage, use and recycling shall be carried out seriously. The cost personnel should communicate with the project management personnel more, and scientifically adjust the material and equipment procurement and inventory plan according to the specific situation to avoid unnecessary economic losses; (3) The cost personnel insist on going deep into the site, make reasonable adjustments to the cost control plan and control target according to the specific situation and construction progress of the electromechanical installation construction site, and then report the improvement plan to the superior in time. Only after passing a series of audits can they implement [5].
3.5 Scientific implementation of cost control in the completion settlement stage.
There is a close relationship between design budget, construction budget and completion settlement in the specific process of cost control of electromechanical installation project, and completion settlement is the last link of cost control of electromechanical installation project. Relevant enterprises should further review the cost control of the whole construction process according to the specific requirements of construction drawings, construction contracts and basic procedures [6]. Especially in the aspects of engineering quantity and design change, we must carefully verify and confirm. Then, combined with the approval of quota unit price, engineering quantity and charging standard, the actual efficiency and quality of cost control projects are controlled, and the summary of work experience is highly valued. Fig. 2 is the flow chart of completion acceptance of electromechanical installation project.
As far as electromechanical engineering is concerned, it covers a wide range, including water supply engineering, equipment installation engineering and intelligent engineering in industrial, public and civil fields. To carry out scientific and reasonable cost management and cost control, it is necessary to scientifically formulate cost management and cost control objectives, strictly control the visa for mechanical and electrical installation change, improve the quality of enterprise personnel, clarify the rights and responsibilities, and finally scientifically implement cost control at the completion settlement stage.
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