Answer: Zhan Tianyou Information.
First, the teaching objectives:
1. Understand the deeds of Zhan Tianyou, an outstanding patriotic engineer, and experience Zhan Tianyou's patriotic enthusiasm and innovative spirit. Stimulate students' thoughts and feelings of loving and contributing to the motherland.
2. Learn the new word 10, and master the sounds and shapes of words such as "Yong, Wei and Yi"; Understand the meaning of words such as "blackmail, determination".
3. Be able to read the text emotionally and feel the psychological feelings of the characters at that time with the help of the description of their words and deeds in the text.
Second, the teaching emphasis and difficulty:
Focus: How did Zhan Tianyou overcome the difficulties in building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and realize Zhan Tianyou's outstanding talent and patriotic feelings?
Difficulties: Understand how the train climbs the hill, and understand the social background and natural geographical environment of Zhan Tianyou presiding over the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.
Third, the text interpretation:
This paper describes the construction of the Jing-Zhang Railway presided by Zhan Tianyou, which fully shows that Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer and shows the wisdom and strength of the people of China. Typical materials and appropriate details. In the process of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, only the three most difficult things are chosen to write: surveying the line, digging tunnels and designing herringbone lines, which can reflect Zhan Tianyou's "outstanding". In terms of tunnels, Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels are selected. The text is focused, clear in level and simple in language, which is a vivid teaching material for patriotism education for students.
The writing method has two characteristics. First of all, the full text is arranged according to the method of general description first and then specific description. Second, in the specific narrative, write in the order of development, and express the spiritual quality of the characters through specific examples. This kind of text structure characteristics of writing notes has played a good demonstration role in students' practice.
The first paragraph of the text clearly reads: "Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in China." This is the central sentence of the text. "Prominence" and "patriotism" are the eyes and veins of the whole article, and "patriotism" is a main vein running through the article. Then introduce this event in popular language and point out the significance of successful railway construction. In just three sentences, I got a preliminary understanding of the main content of the text and grasped the center of the article. This section is the beginning of the whole article, which leads to the following sections. We should not only interpret the characters, but also the value of the text.
Fourth, text analysis:
1. Short text.
This paper focuses on Zhan Tianyou's outstanding achievements in his life-presiding over the construction of the first railway trunk line designed and constructed by China engineers and technicians, and sketching out the tall image of an outstanding patriotic engineer for readers.
This paper arranges the materials according to the method of general description first and then specific description. The full text is divided into four parts. First of all, Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in China. Then, through the introduction of the social environment at that time, it reflects the great significance of Zhan Tianyou's presiding over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway; Then, according to the order of the project progress, the process of building Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhan Tianyou is described from three aspects: line survey, tunnel excavation and herringbone line design. Finally, I wrote about the completion of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway two years ahead of schedule and the Chinese and foreign people's nostalgia for Zhan Tianyou, and pointed out the significance of this incident-a powerful counterattack against the imperialists' contempt and ridicule of the people of China.
Zhan Tianyou's patriotism runs through the whole article. When introducing the obstacles and difficulties in the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, it focuses on the fact that Zhan Tianyou bravely issued an order to safeguard the dignity of the motherland in the face of imperialist arrogance and extreme contempt for the people of China. When talking about the road construction process, he emphasized that patriotism was his driving force to overcome all difficulties and obstacles; Creative tunnel excavation and herringbone design are the products of his patriotic spirit, scientific attitude and creative ability. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed two years ahead of schedule, which showed his outstanding achievements, strengthened the ambition of China people and destroyed the imperialists' prestige.
First, through Zhan Tianyou's deeds, inspire students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland, determined to serve the country and the consciousness of bold innovation in practice; Second, by understanding the content of the text, understand the role of keywords in expression and expression; Third, take Zhan Tianyou as the expansion point to accumulate materials for the comprehensive study of this group.
The focus of this kind of teaching is to understand Zhan Tianyou's patriotism through the description of the characters' words and deeds and psychological activities; The difficulty lies in understanding the advantages of the two tunneling methods and the beauty of herringbone design.
2. Text analysis.
Understanding of (1) sentence.
A foreign newspaper said contemptuously, "China engineers who can build a railway north of Nankou have not yet been born."
"Not yet born" means that a person has not yet been born. This sentence reflects the pressure of Zhan Tianyou to accept the task of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Foreign newspapers say that China engineers who built the railway north of Nankou have not yet been born, but in fact they look down on China engineers and technicians, and they despise and laugh at China people. In their eyes, it is unrealistic to appoint Zhan Tianyou to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Only foreigners can finish this project. Their words also imply that the geographical environment along the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is harsh and the railway construction project is very arduous. Writing the text in this way can better reflect Zhan Tianyou's patriotic quality of sharing worries for the country.
(2) Zhan Tianyou often encourages employees, saying, "Our work must be accurate first, and we can't be a little sloppy. ... maybe? ... this kind of statement should not come from the mouth of engineers. "
Zhan Tianyou asked the staff to survey, draw and calculate accurately and strictly, and never be vague or careless. This sentence shows Zhan Tianyou's meticulous and highly responsible spirit and rigorous scientific attitude towards the project. [elf children's website]
③ When encountering difficulties, he always thought: This is the first railway built by China people themselves, and it must be built; Otherwise, it will not only make foreigners laugh, but also make engineers in China lose confidence.
This is Zhan Tianyou's inner thoughts when he encounters difficulties, and it is also his motivation to overcome difficulties and accomplish arduous tasks. Jing-Zhang Railway is the first railway built by China people with their own technical strength. The quality of this railway construction is directly related to the reputation of the country and the people. If it can't be repaired, foreigners will laugh at China's conspiracy, and our engineers in China will lose confidence; When it is restored, it can counter the contempt of the imperialists and improve the self-confidence of China people, especially engineers in China. This sentence fully shows Zhan Tianyou's thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland and his strong determination to fight for the motherland.
How can a train climb such a steep slope? Zhan Tianyou designed a herringbone line along the mountain.
This is a rhetorical question. Firstly, the question of how to make the train climb a steep slope is put forward, and then a herringbone line designed by Zhan Tianyou is used to answer it. Zhan Tianyou creatively designed a herringbone line along the mountain, using two locomotives to push and pull, which solved the major problem of trains climbing steep slopes. This is his outstanding contribution to railway construction and the embodiment of his outstanding creative ability.
The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident gave a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China.
"Strike back" means to strike back at the attacker. Before the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, the imperialists tried their best to obstruct the construction of China engineers and technicians, attacking China's appointment of Zhan Tianyou to preside over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway as a "joke" and even boasting that "China engineers who can build the railway north of Nankou have not yet been born". The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed two years ahead of schedule, which proved the intelligence of the people in China, increased the ambition of the people in China and destroyed the prestige of imperialism. This period shows the achievements of the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, which once again shows that Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer, echoing the first sentence.
(2) Understanding of words.
Trunk line: the main route of traffic lines, wires and pipelines (water pipes, oil pipelines, etc.). With a branch line? The main railway lines are mentioned in the text.
Hinder: to prevent or undermine development or success.
Threaten: use the weakness of the other party to force the other party to agree to their own requirements and conditions.
Sensation: It caught the attention of many people at once. The article pointed out that Zhan Tianyou was the chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, which caused great shock in the whole country.
Careful: thoughtful and meticulous. Generally speaking, when considering a problem and making a plan or scheme, they are thoughtful and meticulous, without omissions and mistakes. In this article, Zhan Tianyou is a person who strives for perfection in his work and works carefully.
Theodolite: An instrument for measuring angles, which consists of a telescope rotating around a horizontal axis, a vertical dial and a horizontal dial. It is widely used in astronomy, topography and various engineering surveys.
Finish: Finish. Generally refers to large-scale projects.
Despise: to despise or despise. The text means that the imperialists don't care about China at all.
A brief introduction to the author of verb (verb):
Zhan Tianyou (1861April 26, 2009-1965438+April 24, 2009, English name: Jeme Tien Yow), Han nationality, whose word is sincere as soon as possible, is called Dachao [1]. [1] Originally from Wuyuan, Huizhou, he was born in Nanhai County, guangzhou fu, Guangdong. Its former residence is located at No.42 Yacai Lane, Shierfu West Street, Enning Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou. 12 years old studied in the United States, 1878 years old was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering. He is an expert in modern railway engineering in China [3] and is known as the first chief railway engineer in China. He is responsible for the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and other projects, and is known as "the father of Chinese railways" and "the father of modern engineering in China".
1905- 1909 presided over the construction of the first railway independently designed and built by China-Zhangjing Railway; The creation of "shaft excavation method" and "herringbone" line shocked China and foreign countries; Great achievements have been made in the planning and construction of Hu Jia, Luotong, Lu Jin, Jinzhou, Pingyi, Xinyi, Chaoshan, Yuehan and other railways. He is the author of Railway Terminology and Brief Introduction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Project.
Six, writing background:
At that time, it was in the late Qing Dynasty, and the late Qing government, represented by Li Hongzhang, set off the idea of learning from foreigners to control foreigners and started the Westernization Movement! During this period, a group of Chinese sons and daughters, represented by Zhan Tianyou, were sent by the Qing government to Europe and America to learn advanced foreign ideas!
In the United States, students in preparatory classes abroad witnessed the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe and marveled at the rapid development of machinery, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. Zhan Tianyou said firmly: "In the future, there will be trains and ships in China." With the belief of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated from New Haven with 1867. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering.
After returning to China, Zhan Tianyou enthusiastically prepared to contribute his knowledge to the railway industry of the motherland. However, the officials of the Westernization School of the Qing government were superstitious about foreign countries, and blindly relied on foreigners when building railways, regardless of Zhan Tianyou's professional expertise, and sent him to Fujian Naval Academy to learn to drive seagoing ships. 1882 1 1 was sent to the flagship "Wu Yang" as a driving officer to direct the drill. 1883, the Sino-French war broke out. In the second year, the long-planned French fleet entered the Minjiang River in succession, ready to go.
From the post-war to 1888, Zhan Tianyou went through many twists and turns and was transferred to China Railway Corporation as an engineer, which was the beginning of his participation in the railway industry in China.
After Zhan Tianyou won the first battle, he immediately encountered a more severe test. 1905, the Qing government decided to build the first railway in China-Jing-Zhang Railway. Both Britain and China wanted to intervene, but their attempts failed because of the strong opposition of the Russian people. Under pressure, Zhan Tianyou insisted on not appointing foreign engineers, and said: "China is vast and rich in resources, and I feel ashamed to rely on outsiders all the way to work!" "China has awakened, and China people will use their own engineers and their own money to build railways."
1In August, 905, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was officially started, and intense exploration and route selection began. Zhan Tianyou ran around the rugged mountain day and night with the measuring team and instruments on his back. One evening, the fierce northwest wind roared in Badaling area, whizzing past with dust, which made people unable to open their eyes. The survey team finished the work in a hurry, filled in the survey figures and climbed down from the rock wall. This not only ensures the construction quality, but also speeds up the project progress. When digging a hole, I dug a lot of stones by hand and picked out the spewing spring water one by one. Zhan Tianyou, as the chief engineer, has no shelf. He digs stones and carries water with the workers, and his face is covered with mud and sweat. He also encouraged everyone to say, "The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the first railway that we built with our own people and our own money. The eyes of the whole world are watching us, and we must succeed! " "No matter success or failure, it is definitely not our own success or failure, but the success or failure of our country!"
Zhan Tianyou once put forward three requirements for the whole project: "less money, good quality and quick completion". After several struggles by workers, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was finally opened to traffic in September 1909. It was originally planned to be completed in six years, but it was completed four years ahead of schedule, and the project cost was only one-fifth of that estimated by foreigners. Some European and American engineers paid tribute to Zhan Tianyou after visiting by bus. But Zhan Tianyou said modestly: "This is the strength of more than 10,000 employees of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, not my personal credit. Glory should belong to everyone. "
After the completion of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, Zhan Tianyou succeeded as the supervisor and chief engineer of Guangdong-Han Railway. At this time, the United States decided to grant him a doctorate in engineering and asked him to go to the United States to attend the conferring ceremony in person. He gave up this honor in order to devote himself to the railway construction of the motherland.
After the Revolution of 1911, in order to revitalize the railway industry, Zhan Tianyou and his colleagues established the China Engineering Society, and was promoted to president. During this period, he devoted a lot of efforts to the training of young engineers and technicians. In addition to setting an example, he also encouraged young people to "study hard for invention" and asked them not to "favor one over the other, and not to fish for fame". Take others with sincerity, not yourself as a mirror. "
Zhan Tianyou has been engaged in the railway industry for more than 30 years. At that time, almost every railway in China had different degrees of relationship. Old age breaks down from overwork 19 19. Comrade Zhou Enlai once spoke highly of Zhan Tianyou's achievements, calling him "the glory of the people of China".
Note: Exactly! Hope to adopt!