General news reports also attach great importance to the preliminary work of interviews. Journalists should be good at studying and analyzing information and writing an interview outline on this basis. However, this kind of data analysis is limited and the interview outline is relatively rough. Because the main purpose of general news interview is to obtain a relatively independent fact. Therefore, as long as journalists are good at asking questions, they will often gain something. However, the depth of a single and relatively independent fact is not enough for in-depth reporting. The study of "why" and "how" makes the collection and research of background information a place where journalists spend a lot of energy in in-depth reporting and early interview. First of all, through the research and analysis of social reality and development, identify the hot and difficult issues that the audience is generally concerned about. Whether the subject matter can be selected accurately, sensitively and farsightedly is directly related to the success or failure of in-depth reporting. This requires journalists to have a keen sense of smell in real life and a wise grasp of social dynamics. Freezing Point of China Youth Daily is a column that is good at in-depth reporting, but those seemingly cold news events are just the tip of the iceberg of social hot and difficult issues for some time. Through hard investigation and study, journalists found the right subject matter in the messy and trivial clues. Secondly, collect and analyze background information. The background of news events generally includes: supplementary historical materials, materials showing the relationship between things, materials providing necessary experiences for characters, data facts and so on. Collecting and analyzing these background materials is very important for the preparation of in-depth reports and interviews, and also has a far-reaching role in promoting the whole reporting process, including helping journalists get interview opportunities, quickly enter the interview role, and gain the trust of the interviewees. In order to interview Dr. Kissinger exclusively, CCTV reporter Shui Junyi analyzed Dr. Kissinger's personality characteristics on the basis of preparing a lot of relevant background materials, and then directly contacted Kissinger's office for an interview. He also explained the benefits of Kissinger's interview to the office staff, and finally let Kissinger accept an exclusive interview.
Finally, draft a comprehensive, in-depth and clear interview outline. The interview outline is the embodiment of journalists' logical thinking and thinking level. A good interview outline can help reporters strengthen their confidence, stay calm in the face of adversity, take the initiative in the interview and make the interview perfect. Du Junfei mentioned in the book Principles of In-depth Reporting that Lalu Gilland, a professor of journalism in Nevada, USA, had put forward an auxiliary formula for designing an interview outline, which had certain guiding significance. He reminded reporters that when setting questions, the following specific questions should be involved: goal-what is the goal you (or organization) want to achieve?
Obstacles-Do you have any problems? What is the current resistance?
Solution-How do you deal with these problems? Is there a solution to the contradiction?
When did this idea begin? Whose opinion is it based on?
Of course, the drafting of the interview outline also has a great relationship with the reporter's own interview habits and communication methods, but it is more important to ensure the uniqueness, accuracy, coherence, creativity and fascination of the question.
After all, the interview is nothing more than a lively and thoughtful conversation. Specific questioning skills include: 1, grasp the core question, get to the point, and get to the point. This method is to ask some difficult and closely related questions at the beginning, and then expand them into more general questions. Suitable for interviewing people who are good at words, quick thinking and confident. Cut to the chase will make the other person feel that you are frank and efficient, and cut to the chase will make the other person feel that you know what to do and are worth talking to.
2, from shallow to deep, ask questions and explore unknown details. In-depth reporting has many sharp problems, and sometimes it is inevitable for reporters to hit a wall. The interviewee is either nervous, evasive and irrelevant, or deliberately refuses, evasive and perfunctory. This requires reporters to have the perseverance and skills to ask questions. You can first use some broad topics to ease the atmosphere and gradually introduce topics; Or beat about the bush, trace back to the source, and lead to unknown details.
3. Inductive questions will lead to vivid and convincing dialogues. In leading questions, the interviewee should be sensitive and willing to argue, while the reporter should grasp the opportunity of conversation and induce the other party to give a positive answer with tone, intonation or wording. What kind of results will be produced by leading questions depends on the harmonious relationship between journalists and interviewees. Because leading questions can easily make the conversation uncompromising, but as long as a harmonious relationship is maintained, it may lead to unexpected truth.
4. Moderate silence. Silence is also an important skill in in-depth reporting, because most of the in-depth reporting questions are targeted, targeted and exclusive, and it is necessary to leave time for the interviewee to think and explain the questions. Smart reporters generally don't interrupt the interviewees, so they may get direct questions that they can't get. Keeping a straight face is sometimes just as effective. Mike wallace, a famous American TV host, said, "I find that the most interesting thing in TV interview is to ask a beautiful question, and then you will be silent for three or four seconds after the other person answers, as if you are still expecting more answers from him. Do you know what will happen? The other party will feel a little embarrassed and talk to you about more things. "
Be good at observing and listening, and capture the facts that can't be revealed in the interview question and answer. Ai Feng reminded all reporters "don't forget to bring your eyes and ears when interviewing". We emphasize observation and listening, because in-depth reports and interviews require the full commitment of journalists. Many little-known truths and precious news facts are perceived by journalists by mobilizing all their senses, including their hearts. (1) Choose a suitable perspective for detailed observation. This perspective may refer to a macroscopic and holistic perspective to grasp the relationship between things; It may also refer to the reporter's personal feelings and thoughts; It may also refer to the microscopic perspective when observing on the spot. In short, the correct perspective and careful observation will enable journalists to obtain accurate, direct and distinctive information. (2) Be a careful listener. In Contemporary News, Kuang Yunmiao pointed out that a journalist, especially an experienced journalist, should be the best listener, not a chatterbox. Indeed, journalists who are good at listening are often more likely to reap rich results and communicate with the interviewees more easily. The fleeting news clues and the implied meaning of the interviewee will be discovered because of your intentional listening, and the understanding of news facts may be closer to its true colors.
Specific requirements for the interview:
1. Appoint the time and address;
2. If there is any change, make a second plan;
3. Drafting the interview content, including the preparation of questions;
4. Understand the background of the interviewee and collect information in advance;
5. Have a certain understanding of the history of CUHK (including Kangyuan and Shipai) beforehand;
6. Ask the interviewee in advance whether they can record and take photos;
7. Grasp the theme during the interview (try not to digress) and control the time;
8. Interact with the interviewee during the interview;
9. Pay attention to your own expression and speed, and speak clearly during the interview;
10. Ask questions in time when you encounter unclear places in the interview, and absolutely avoid subjective fabrication and addition;
1 1. After the interview, you can ask if you can provide relevant information;
12. Send some gifts to express gratitude;
13. Send the completed interview draft back to the interviewee, and ask him to have a look and make appropriate amendments;
14. Send a copy of the final publication to the interviewee and thank him again.
News interview outline
1. interview topic: protecting citizens' privacy 2. The purpose of the interview
Through interviews, we can clearly understand the privacy threats and hidden dangers around us, understand the harm caused by invading others' privacy, and let everyone have a clearer understanding and improvement on the issue of maintaining privacy. Let everyone establish a sense of privacy and enhance their sense of responsibility to respect the privacy of others. 3, the event related background
It is understood that at present, the protection of personal information in China's laws is relatively weak, which basically belongs to an "indirect protection". Due to the lack of legal protection, China citizens' personal information has been leaked and abused to a considerable extent. The disclosure of personal information not only interferes with the life order of many people, but also threatens personal property and life safety. However, because it is difficult for individuals to grasp the evidence, many parties whose privacy has been violated don't know where to start. Many citizens feel that they have received some special "attention". In their own lives, all kinds of people often break in suddenly. They know their personal data like the palm of their hand, even more clearly than themselves, so that they feel like goldfish living in transparent glass fiber reinforced plastic, and their every move is monitored, with no privacy at all. Faced with this situation, it is urgent to strengthen legislation and improve the legal system of personal information protection. 4. Respondents (1) (willing to be interviewed) Parties (2) Participants
(3) Relevant persons selling materials containing private information (4) Units and individuals with private information sources (5) Relevant legal experts.
5. Interview form: individual interview (interview with more than five people, one-on-one interview) 6. Question design (1) (willing to be interviewed)
A. How did you know that your privacy was leaked? What was your reaction when you learned about it? B.who do you think leaked your privacy and for what purpose? C. What troubles and injuries have privacy leaks brought to you and your family? (2) Participants
A. What do you think of the problem of privacy being leaked?
B, if your privacy is leaked, what measures will you take, choose silence or take legal weapons to protect yourself?
C. Have you ever intentionally or unintentionally revealed other people's privacy? (3) Relevant persons selling personal information A. Where is the source of your personal information?
B, what is the use of this information for buyers, and what is its price? How much profit can you get from it?
C. Did anyone buy these materials? Did many people buy them?
5 1. What do you think the earthquake brought you? stand or fall
52. At present, many schools initiate the study of the spirit of earthquake heroes who sacrifice themselves to save others. What do you want to say to them here?
Interview outline of a journalism school student
Interview outline? Interview topic: "Watcher of Spiritual Home"-Interviewer:? Interviewee: Hunan Radio and Television News reporter? Interview topic: a reporter, an experience.
In this complex society, he is just a reporter and an ordinary companion with a pen: commenting on newspapers is magnificent and doing things in a down-to-earth manner; Maybe he is not successful and bright, but he plays his own wonderful role between squares and guards his spiritual home. ? Interview form: QQ chat? Interview questions:
1. I graduated from School of Journalism and Communication, Hunan Normal University just over two years ago. How did you come up with the idea of applying for this major?
Being a reporter has always been my ideal, and it is logical to choose a journalism major. Being a reporter is certainly one of the most important directions for me to choose my career.
2. What kind of news publications do you like to read? The article mentioned Southern Weekend? Why? Do you think it is similar to the truth and sharpness you are pursuing? ? & lt reporter >, "news writing", "news dissemination" and so on. I like the publishing style of Southern Weekend very much, because it pays attention to the voices of the lowest people. I sympathize with the disadvantaged groups, and as a reporter, I should cheer for them.
3. What news types do you pay more attention to? People's livelihood Current politics. People's livelihood is also concerned, and we can see the other side of society.
4. obsessed with words? Your own words? I won't be infatuated with my own words, I don't like my own words.
5. Besides loving Chinese characters, your handwriting is also commendable. Calligraphy won the silver prize in the national calligraphy competition.
I practiced calligraphy when I was a child, and now I regard it as a kind of accomplishment. ? 6. As the gold medal real estate reporter of Hunan Radio and Television News, what does this "gold medal" mean?
Just like the gold medal in the Asian Games, you should be the top reporter. ? 7. Hunan Science and Education News adopts the compilation method, and your identity has changed from a reporter to a reporter editor. Can you adapt to this change?
This is a natural law, and you will soon get used to it.
8. When did you join China Newspaper Network? June 5, 2004 to1October 38, 2004
9. How do you want to join? Learn more about industry consultation, learn news editing business, and communicate with people in the industry.
10, as the moderator of China newspaper network "Media Cooperation and Workplace", it has been nearly three months. Are you still adapting and doing well?
If you are responsible for Bambusa bambusa, you should know how to pay.
1 1, students, interns, journalists, editors and moderators of a website? These changes are only in two years. How do you think you made these changes?
I am an insider, and making a newspaper is almost the same as making a website.
12, you said that you "want to look at the problem from a higher angle, because the starting point of looking at the problem is too low, it is difficult to see the crux of the problem and grasp the essence of the problem. I hope I can have my own say in the newspaper industry and inspire others! " . May I know what you mean by "height"?
The so-called height means that your perspective is higher than others, and you should have a keen observation of the problem. ? 13, your article, especially when it comes to the current media field, always "feels far from reality, especially in the course of journalists' professional ethics, I have deep doubts about journalists' professional ethics". As a journalism student, I haven't left campus yet, and I really want to know what the real media field is. What do you suspect? What do you think a real journalist should be like?
If you are a person with ideal news, you really want to do something for the society through your own pen, but entering this industry, journalists also have many constraints. You have no right to publish, the leader has the right to shoot your manuscript, your ideal will get farther and farther, and finally you will be numb. ? 14, China is a country full of human feelings. In some units, nepotism is very serious. Have you ever been in this situation?
This happens, and it is very common. This is the cruelty of society.
15. In your article, you analyzed the reasons for the closure of Oriental New Newspaper, saying that "capable people are superior and mediocre people are inferior. Some jobs obtained through the internet can't adapt to the development of market economy. At present, newspapers are moving towards market-oriented operation. If they don't operate according to market rules, they will be abandoned by the market. " Can this be your attitude towards "this nepotism"?
It should be like this. If we don't adapt to the development needs of the market and blindly develop nepotism, it will have no future and the newspaper industry will come to a dead end.
16, QQ signature has always been "cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in order, run the country and level the world", and the net name "unconstrained style" is also very imposing. Why is this signature?
Signature is because if a person wants to have an ideal, he must first learn to cultivate himself, which is a gradual process. The screen name doesn't mean anything to me. I hope my mind is free. ? 17, is it a person with a gap in his chest? "Eager to have a say in the newspaper industry?" ? I want to interpret the situation of the press and be a responsible reporter. ? 18, your friend said that you are "neither suitable for business nor politics". May I know why they say so?
This is determined by my own personality. I am not tactful, straightforward and easy to offend people. People are simple and easy to trust others.
19, do you sometimes feel that "life is as dull as water, with no ebb and flow"?
I want to live a passionate life. I don't like plain life. I want to enrich myself and forget about life.
Living pain.
20. The following question was asked by an adjunct professor in your university. I'll ask you again with it.
"How do you position yourself?
I still position myself as a reporter.
What is your life plan? I just want to move forward step by step in this industry. ? What is your own goal in life? "Do a newspaper. ? 2 1, the last question, "Maybe time can smooth out my unruly edges and corners. In order to survive, maybe I will restrain my inner arrogance and arrogance. "Do you really feel arrogant?
I despise some people in my heart, but I won't tell others easily. I keep a low profile and don't want to show off. ?
Pollution and treatment of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River basin
-Interview outline
News clue:
An interview report on pollution control of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin came from an accidental opportunity. Today, through this social practice, I have the honor to practice in my hometown Zhangping TV Station and report this news report with reporters.
Environmental protection has become a hot issue that people pay more and more attention to. Environmental pollution directly affects social and economic progress and development. City leaders have long been concerned about the water pollution problem in the Jiulong River Basin of our city, and deeply realized that many pig breeding has seriously polluted the water quality of the Jiulong River, and it has become more and more serious, which has attracted the attention of the relevant departments of the city. In this regard, the city has formulated a series of measures and regulations on how to control the pollution of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River basin, and conducted on-the-spot investigation to understand the situation. So I also have a chance to interview and report this news clue. Interview topic:
The purpose and focus of the interview on pollution and treatment of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River basin;
Through interviews, we have a deep understanding of the pollution and treatment of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River basin, and have a clear understanding of the facts and the remediation measures taken against it. In addition, through the correct guidance and support of the city leaders, we learned about the achievements of some large-scale ecological farming models, as well as the situation and existing problems of urban banned and free-range households. Interview direction:
The interview mainly focused on the guidance of the leaders of relevant departments of the city on the pollution and control of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin, as well as the effectiveness and existing problems of pollution control of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin. First of all, understand the pollution of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River basin to the environment, Jiulong River and urban life in our city, then understand the achievements and problems of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River basin in our city, and finally understand what measures will be taken to control the pollution of pig breeding industry in our city in the future. Interview method: face-to-face conversation
Respondents:
Director of the Environmental Protection Bureau, Director of the Agricultural Bureau, Director of the Municipal People's Congress, Director of the Municipal Urban Construction Bureau, large-scale aquaculture households and free-range households.
Interview questions:
1. What is the current situation and distribution of pig breeding in our city? Where is more farming? 2. Where are we going to inspect today? What is the purpose of this inspection? What effect will be achieved through inspection? 3. At present, what is the progress and situation of pollution control of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin of our city?
4. When did our city begin to pay attention to the pollution of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin? What is the task of the governance working group established for this purpose? What is the relationship between the pollution control of pig breeding and the economic work route of our city?
5. What are the distribution of forbidden areas and suitable areas in our city? How to divide the forbidden zone and the suitable zone? What is the impact of farming in forbidden areas and free-range households?
6. What policies does the government have to deal with the many families who are forbidden to raise children and are free-range? How to do mass work well in the face of the negative attitude of some families who are forbidden to raise children and raise them in free range?
7. What is the general situation of pig breeding in our city at present? What policies will be introduced for pig breeding pollution in the future? Target?
8. When did you start raising pigs? Scale? What has the government done to support and guide your agriculture? What kind of breeding mode is mainly adopted and what are the benefits? How to evaluate the work of government? (large breeder)
9. When was it farmed? Scale? Do you support the government's work?
Interview notes
I came to the office of the director of urban construction of the Municipal People's Congress early this morning, waiting for the appearance of the inspection leader. Today's task is to go to several arranged places (Guilin, Luzhi, Heping township (street)) to check the pollution control of pig breeding industry in our city. It seems a little early to arrive, but better early than late, which makes me a little uncomfortable. This is my first close contact with city leaders. Sitting there, I was a little at a loss. My first psychological feeling is that people are leaders, and talking to them always feels out of reach, let alone interviewing them. Fortunately, there are old reporters with me. After all, old journalists are old journalists, and they can still talk and laugh as usual in the face of leaders. It seems that the leader is not as serious as he thinks. Because I slowly joined their conversation and got to know something about this inspection, I chatted in the chat and let me appreciate the elegance of the director of the Municipal People's Congress. His speech is humorous, clear-cut, wide-ranging, and complex issues are simple and clear. I really deserve to be the director of the National People's Congress!
Set out, today's destination is some large-scale breeding households and banned and free-range households in township streets. First of all, we bumped all the way by car and arrived at a big breeding house, deep mountain! It is difficult for us to lead, and we almost have no concussion. This is the so-called "mountain farming", ecological farming. Farmers adopt the "pig-marsh-fruit (tree)" model, combine planting and breeding, and comprehensively utilize resources, which not only avoids pollution, but also achieves good economic benefits. During the inspection, I talked with leaders and farmers, and also learned about the work of many city leaders on pig breeding pollution. As early as 2004, our city has attached importance to pig breeding.
In order to attach great importance to it, a special management team was set up, and in addition, how to do ecological farming well by large farmers and their achievements were learned. The achievements are gratifying, but the problems still exist. After investigating the breeding and pollution control of large-scale breeders, the working group came to a private farmer located next to the Radio and Television Building in our city, which is a forbidden household and seriously pollutes the living environment in the urban area. When the team members saw the dirty pigsty and the pollution of farming everywhere, they all sighed greatly. A small pigsty crowded seven or eight heads, with high density. It's a pity that they can grow so big. The team members inspected the conversation, and the owner also fed the pigs, turning a blind eye to the leaders. The leader euphemistically expressed his opinion and advised him to stop breeding as soon as possible, but the owner ignored it and vowed that we were leaving, which is still clear. Hey, it seems that leadership is not easy to do either!
After the inspection, the inspection team held a discussion on the inspection situation, thinking about the inspection situation, summing up the achievements, analyzing the shortcomings, recognizing the situation clearly, formulating realistic policies and planning the pig breeding work in our city. Pollution control of pig breeding has a long way to go! ! !
press release
The Municipal People's Congress inspected the pollution control of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin.
On July 17, Chen Lechang, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, led some representatives of the Municipal People's Congress to inspect the towns (streets) such as Guilin, Luzhi and Heping to understand the pollution control work of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin.
In recent years, the aquaculture industry in our city has been developing continuously, especially the pig breeding, which has reached a certain scale. Since 2004, our city has set up a leading group for pollution control of pig breeding in Jiulong River Basin, organized special work for comprehensive control of pig pollution, advocated ecological farming, supported and guided farmers to adopt the "pig-marsh-fruit (bamboo, tree, tea)" ecological farming model, implemented the combination of planting and breeding, and achieved certain results. However, in some towns (streets), there are many forbidden areas and free-range households, and there are still pollution problems. How to correctly guide the ecological aquaculture of farmers and standardize the healthy development of aquaculture is very important. Deputies to the Municipal People's Congress paid close attention to the pollution control of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin, went deep into various farms, inspected and grasped the progress of pollution control of pig breeding industry on the spot, held discussions on existing problems, put forward suggestions on the next pollution control of pig breeding industry in Jiulong River Basin, and asked relevant departments to closely follow the main line of "grasping the project with all their heart and creating the environment with all their heart" and pay close attention to the implementation of various work measures. Scientifically formulate the development plan of pig industry, rationally divide the forbidden areas, restricted areas and moderate breeding areas, implement the principle of "mountain farming", strengthen guidance and supervision, intensify rectification, strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system and the "three simultaneities" system, guide farmers to develop ecological farming, protect the environment and realize sustainable economic, ecological and social development.