Keywords: archival intermediary; File storage; Summary of research
1 Statistical Analysis of Papers
At present, China's archives institutions mainly exist in the form of archives storage centers, archives rooms, archives storage centers and archives information consultation centers. Therefore, this paper takes the title of the article as the search term, and selects file agency, file storage, file office, file consulting service and file storage as the search terms. By searching the articles published in China HowNet, China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database, China Doctoral Dissertation Full-text Database, and China Excellent Master Dissertation Full-text Database, up to 20 1 1, * * has obtained relevant documents 195. The specific annual distribution is shown in the table, and the annual publication trend of the paper is shown in the figure:
As can be seen from the table, the research articles about archival institutions first appeared in 1992. Therefore, the author chooses 1992 ~ 20 1 1 to analyze the archival agency industry.
As can be seen from the figure, in recent 20 years, Chinese scholars' research on archival intermediary institutions has generally shown an upward trend. 1992 ~ 1996 is the embryonic stage, which is small and unstable; It reached its peak in 2000 ~ 2003. Since 2004, it has gradually stabilized, with an average of about 12 articles per year.
2. The research theme of archival intermediary institutions.
After combing the articles, it is known that the research in this field mainly focuses on the connotation and types, development status and problems, market prospects and development direction of archival intermediary institutions. The research on the development status can cover the relationship with the archives administration department, the operation mode and management of the archives intermediary institutions, and the laws and regulations of the industry.
2. 1 Basic theoretical issues of archival intermediary
2. 1. 1 the connotation of archival institutions. Scholars have different understandings of the connotation of "archival intermediary institutions". Zong Peiling believes that archival intermediary organizations are social intermediary organizations that provide archival business services between archival administrative departments and society. [1] Zhang Yan believes that the archival intermediary organization is a legal person organization that provides archival affairs services among archival administrative departments, individuals and enterprises with its unique social service function, and plays the role of supervision, communication and coordination. [2] Zhang Baoxing believes that the archival intermediary institution is a self-supporting and independent accounting enterprise or institution owned by the whole people, and it is a social service institution that directly handles archival affairs for organs, enterprises, institutions and individuals. [3] Based on the different understandings of scholars, the definition of archival intermediary organizations can be divided into three types: first, from the subordinate concept, archival intermediary organizations are considered to be social intermediary organizations; Second, from the definition of legal status, it is considered that archives intermediary institutions are legal entities with independent accounting and self-financing; Thirdly, from the relationship with the archives administration department, it is considered that the archives intermediary institution is a subsidiary of the archives administration department.
At present, there is a phenomenon of "diversity" or "one person has many meetings" in the understanding of the connotation of "archival institutions" in the archival circles. The author believes that, on the one hand, it is difficult for scholars to grasp its essential characteristics because of its late start and immature development. On the other hand, scholars' research on this industry is not deep enough and perfect, and there is a lack of academic confrontation.
2. 1.2 Types of archival institutions in China. According to different classification methods, scholars can divide it into the following types: according to the way of production and operation, it can be divided into public welfare archives intermediary institutions established by archives or archives authorities and facing the society, and commercial archives intermediary institutions that exist in the form of legal persons and operate in the market. [4] According to the specific forms of existence, it can be divided into file office, file storage service center and file science and technology information service company. [5] According to the business scope, it can be divided into file consulting service department, file office, file cadre education department and file supplies and equipment service department. [6]
2.2 the development of archival intermediary institutions
2.2. 1 The relationship between the archival intermediary institutions and the archival administrative departments. This issue has always been a hot topic in the research of archival intermediary industry. At present, scholars generally agree with Zheng's exposition on this issue. He divided the external relationship between archives intermediary institutions and archives administration departments into three types. One is "overlapping", that is, the relevant functional departments of archives intermediary institutions and archives administration departments are "two brands and one team". Second, it is "close", that is, the archives agency is a subordinate institution or enterprise of the archives bureau (museum), and it has a very close relationship with the archives administration department and is relatively independent. Third, it is "loose", that is, the archives intermediary institutions and archives administration departments have no direct leadership or investment relationship except business guidance, and belong to independent legal persons and independent market entities. Among them, the second is the mainstream relationship among the three types of relationships at present. [7] It can be seen that the development of archives intermediary institutions in China has a strong administrative dependence.
In this regard, some scholars have proposed to establish a shielding mechanism for administrative intervention by the archives administration department. On the one hand, it is necessary to perfect the legislation and stipulate the authority and obligation of the archives administration department in the form of legal provisions to avoid the unclear scope of the authority of the archives administration department and the flexibility of the authority; On the other hand, the archives administration department should not interfere with the specific business of the institution and should not have a direct economic interest relationship with it. Establishing the shielding mechanism of administrative intervention can create a good environment for the independent practice of archival intermediary institutions, thus avoiding all kinds of illegal acts caused by government power from the source. [8]
Shanghai, Tianjin and other places have abolished the requirement that the personnel of archival agencies must be certified by the archives administration department in the revised archives laws and regulations, further reducing the excessive supervision of archival administration departments on archival agencies by law, and creating a more relaxed environment for the development of archival agencies. [9]
In the future, the archival intermediary institutions can only develop and grow if they are separated from the protection of archival administrative institutions and operate in a market-oriented way. Archives administration institutions should also consciously create an environment suitable for their own development for the archives intermediary industry and avoid unfair competition.
2.2.2 Operation and management of archival intermediary institutions. According to the three relations with the archives administration department, Zheng proposed three operation modes of archives intermediary institutions, namely, administration, marketization and between them. He believes that the administrative operation mode is more effective in the initial stage of archival intermediary institutions, but there are some disadvantages such as separation of government from enterprises and confusion between civil servants and intermediary employees, which is not conducive to the long-term development of archival intermediary institutions; Market-oriented operation mode conforms to the nature and characteristics of intermediary institutions and is the mainstream development trend in the future; The operation mode between them is reasonable in a certain period of time, but it is only a transitional operation mode in the long run. [ 10]
In terms of institutional management, Ou Qijian believes that it should be carried out from three aspects: internal regulation, external supervision and industry legislation. Internal norms include: real decoupling from the administrative department, independent operation, self-financing; Strengthen the internal constraints of archival intermediary service institutions and establish a good image of intermediary institutions; Strengthen the construction of rules and regulations and professional ethics. External supervision includes: establishing a unified archives intermediary supervision and management institution; Strictly examine and approve the establishment of new archival intermediary service institutions and strengthen supervision by public opinion. Industry legislation includes: the guiding ideology and basic principles, nature and management system of archival intermediary institutions. [ 1 1]