Mu Zeng and Alexei Qiu in the TV series "The Shogun Storm"
Mu was once a rare minority bibliophile in our province and even the whole country. He is also an enlightened English master who has studied China culture the most among the 22 generations of Mu Tusi in Lijiang for 470 years, and has made great achievements in politics, economy, culture and book preservation. The Naxi nationality has become a culturally developed minority in our province, which is inseparable from Mu Zeng's ethos of attaching importance to learning, introducing Chinese culture, reading and attaching importance to cultural education. The Biography of Tusi in Ming Dynasty said: "Yunnan local officials all know the history books, and the people who are polite and righteous are headed by Lijiang Mu." It can be seen that the study and acceptance of China culture by Lijiang Toastmasters at that time was second to none. Muti Tusi is known as "vast territory and abundant resources", "farthest handed down from the world" and "rich local counties" and is also known as the three major local governments in Yunnan. At the same time, it also prepared conditions for the popularization of Han culture and the social, economic and cultural development of Naxi nationality after the Qing Dynasty. During Mu Zeng's reign, because of his many achievements, it became the most prosperous period in Naxi history, and was also honored as "Satan Jaber" (king of Lijiang) or "king of wood" by local people. In many temples, there is his image, which is famous in the future.
The prosperity of the Mu family is not accidental. Mu Zeng's ancestors advocated learning Chinese poetry and calligraphy culture. Mu Zeng loved books since childhood, was familiar with classic history books, made great efforts to govern, and had lofty aspirations. When Mu was a hereditary chief, the indigenous leaders in rural Sichuan wanted to invade the border villages with the young master of Mu Zhi New Calendar and thousands of cavalry. "One day, the enemy will suffer for generations." Xiao Muzeng knew this truth well. Regardless of his youth, he led his family to defeat the enemy, beat drums with his own hands, and marched forward with stones. "Husbands should not despise young people." All the soldiers saw the young man. Mu Tusi's sphere of influence gradually expanded, foreign enemies never dared to attack again, and Mu Zeng's dominant position was further consolidated, paving the way for Mu Zeng to develop the society, economy, culture and education in Lijiang area wholeheartedly.
"aim high all your life and prosper in your career", and be good at summing up historical experience. He learned from a painful lesson that the central government of the Tang Dynasty supported Nanzhao to resist Tubo and supported Nanzhao to annex other imperial edicts, which led to the final failure of imperial edicts. He understood the importance of relying on the central government to win support, so he expanded his power. In the forty-six years of Wanli (16 18), he adopted an aggressive and friendly policy and actively donated 650 yuan to the imperial court when there was war in Liaoyang. Emperor Wanli rejoiced and said, "Minister Lijiang, who is far away in a remote place, heard about the thief's behavior and helped him lose ten thousand yuan. He is anxious for the public, so he can enjoy it. He should add three clothes as a sign of advice. " In the forty-eighth year of Wanli, the Beijing Army donated silver 1.22 to buy horses before liberation. Emperor Wanli gave the word "loyalty" In the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), he donated silver10.2 million taels to mine local products. Ten things were ignored: "First, respect for heaven, second, love for the people, fourth, use talents, fifth, use energy, sixth, distinguish right from wrong, seventh, be cautious in punishment, eighth, be faithful, ninth, be harmonious with Liao, and tenth. According to Ming History, Mu Xiang paid tribute to Ming Dynasty 18 times. Muti Tusi also undertook the obligations of being sealed off, sent to Korea, paid tribute, and requisitioned grain and grass, and actively helped the Ming Dynasty to settle the chaos and took the opportunity to expand its military strength. The Mu family's attachment and support to the central dynasty made the Ming Dynasty regard the Mu family of Naxi nationality as a "northwest fence" that could "control Tubo" and "make peace", and it was rewarded and knighted by the court for many times, including 28 records, such as thirty-four years of Wanli, which was awarded to Dr. Zhong Xian. In the third year of the apocalypse, Dr. Zhong Xian was awarded the right post of Minister of Public Affairs of Yunnan. In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, Zuo Buzheng was appointed Chief Secretary of Sichuan. In seventeen years, the Taipu Temple of Qin family was awarded the title of Zhengqing. It is precisely because of the numerous awards and awards of the imperial court and the expansion of power that the Mu regime became stronger, its sphere of influence was broader, and its relationship with the central dynasty was closer, which won time and space for the development of Naxi nationality and the absorption of advanced culture.
With the above conditions, Mu Zeng vigorously developed the economy during his term of office, and developed silver mines, copper mines, gold mines, iron mines and salt mines in Nanping, Zhongdian, Weixi, Ninglang, Muli and Yanjing, Tibet. Kangba Tibetan area organizes water conservancy construction and introduces rice. Issue silver ingots with the words "once cast by wood". And on the basis of predecessors, further large-scale construction, expansion and construction of Muyamen, construction, construction of Baisha Dading Pavilion, King Kong Hall and other buildings, construction of temples, donation to rebuild the uterus of He Qingzhuang, donation to repair the Lufeng Dashiqiao, Binchuan Five-hole Dashiqiao, Tibet Yanjing Bridge and so on. During the Wanli period, Mu once donated 65,438+1 02,000 silver to build Stan Temple on Jizu Mountain, and bought110,000 mu of land in Yongsheng, Binchuan and Deng Chuan, donated it to Jizu Mountain, and asked Xu Xiake to write "Jizu Mountain Records". The newly compiled Yunnan Tongzhi said: "In the mountains, merit is the heaviest."
Naxi area is the intersection of Tibetan culture spread to the south and Yunnan mainland culture spread to the north. On the basis of attaching importance to national traditional culture, for the purpose of Mu's rule, Mu once adopted the religious policy of "eclecticism", implemented the enlightened policies of "governing according to customs" and "adapting to customs" in Lijiang area, inherited the general plan of ancestors, and supported Tibetan Buddhism that Tibetans and Mongolians believed deeply. Support the construction of several Lama temples in Tibetan areas, build Buddhist temples in Longhua Mountain, Xishan Mountain, Songgui and other places in Heqing, and donate Buddhist scriptures (there are more than 0 kinds of Buddhist scriptures 10 in Heqing County Library).
Mu Zeng is not only familiar with classics and history books, but also has a good literary accomplishment. He also attached great importance to and advocated China culture among Naxi families. He tried his best to hire mainland scholars to teach China culture to his children in Lijiang, or to send their children out to study and receive China culture education systematically, so that advanced China culture could be spread in the Naxi area of Lijiang. At the same time, the "Song Yu Academy" and "Wanjuan Building" were established in Lijiang, and various books were widely collected free of charge. According to Ganlong's "Lijiang Fu Zhi", "It is easy to read and recite, and it is very popular. There are thousands of buildings at home. I sang a lot with Yang Shen and Zhang Han. " In order to learn China culture better, Mu Zeng spent a lot of money to build a three-story earth building on the left side of his residence, and at the expense of his work, he bought a large number of books from the mainland and put them in the three-story building.
"There are tens of thousands of rare books of ancient books in Song and Ming Dynasties in the building, and group books can also be prepared." Becoming a veritable "Wanjuan Building", Mu once wrote the poem "Searching Books"; "Wanjuan is as muddy as a shelf, and the quinoa kiosk is full of clouds", which vividly depicts the richness of the collection of books in Wanjuan Building.
And this leafy scroll building is also the main place and cultural enjoyment for the Mu family to inherit classics, teach subjects, make friends with songs and learn from each other's strengths. Although the present buildings have been destroyed and books have been lost, there are still sporadic books scattered among the people, with the words "Ten Thousand Volumes of Lou Ji" printed on them. Mu Zeng not only built his own library to collect books, but also built special Buddhist scriptures pavilions in many temples. According to historical records, there were many temples in Lijiang in the Qing Dynasty. These temples and Taoist temples all have Tibetan Classrooms, which contain a considerable number of scriptures. For example, Huayan Temple in Jizu Mountain, at the request of Mu Zeng, Ming Xizong hid Buddhist scriptures here and named this temple "Zhuguositan Temple". Yongsheng Lingyuan Temple Kannongji Tibetan Scripture Building also has a considerable collection of ancient books. During his retreat from Censhan Jiefang Temple to concentrate on reading and writing, Mu Zeng also reprinted a volume of "Compassionate Emperor Liang Zibai" and stored it in the temple. Some of these scriptures are still hidden in Lijiang County Library. These scrolls have been preserved to this day, which is inseparable from Mu Zeng's lifelong love of books and his dedication to Buddhism. While advocating learning Chinese culture, in order to preserve and spread books and classics, he hired Tibetan monks to compile and print the Tibetan Buddhist Classic Tripitaka in Lijiang in the 42nd year of Wanli (16 14), which lasted nine years and was carved into 65438+ in the third year of the apocalypse (1623). This is the first official Ganjul engraving in Tibetan area, and it is one of the precious cultural relics of Jokhang Temple.
In the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), the 38-year-old Mu once became famous, retired and gave way to his son Mu Yi. He lived quietly in Nanzhishan Villa in Yulong Mountain, where he spent most of his life living in mystery, writing poems and educating his children. In the spirit of "One husband has thousands of books, why can he boast of being a hundred cities in the south", Mu Zeng actively welcomed scholars and celebrities from the Central Plains and talents from all walks of life to Lijiang to promote cultural exchanges, and made extensive contacts with famous scholars from this province and the Central Plains. He invited Xu Xiake to Lijiang, but he became a monk and made friends with him. With Yang Sheng 'an, Zhang Zhichun, Dong Qichang, Zhou Yanru, Zhang Bangji and other famous poets and calligraphers, they sang with each other. Such contacts broadened Mu Zeng's horizons and made great achievements in literature. His poems handed down from generation to generation have been endowed with more than a thousand poems, which are included in six collections, namely, Yun Dan Mo, Kong Cuiju Collection, Xiaoyuetang Collection, Mountain Escape Collection, Shan Zhi Collection and Guangbita Poetry Copy. There are some book excerpts, such as Poems in Southern Yunnan, Yunnan Poetry Collection, Yunnan Poetry Collection, Yunnan Poetry Collection and Yunnan Series. When Xu Xiake came to Lijiang, Mu Zeng also asked him to teach his son Chinese studies "a glimpse of the original text". Mu Zeng not only invited some Chinese teachers, doctors and painters from the Central Plains, such as Ji, Ji, painter Ma Xiaoxian and famous doctor Yang Hui in the Ming Dynasty, but also hired skilled craftsmen such as mining technicians and construction talents to Lijiang, which promoted the development of science and technology in Lijiang.
Due to Mu Tusi's active introduction and advocacy of Chinese culture, the Mu family has a high cultural accomplishment and attainments, and a number of Mu Tusi writers in the Ming Dynasty, represented by Mu Gong and Mu Zeng, have emerged, creating a new chapter in the history of Naxi where Chinese culture has created writers' literature. Except Mu Gong and Mu Zeng, Mu Tai, Gao Mu, Mu Qing and others can write poems in Chinese, and they have made great artistic achievements, and their works have also been selected respectively.