First, the great achievements of Nanchang's economic and social development since the reform and opening up
(1) The national economy has developed rapidly and its comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced.
In the practice of reform and opening up for 30 years, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have led Nanchang people to firmly grasp the center of economic construction, insisting that development is the last word, and the national economy has maintained sustained, rapid and stable development. In 2007, the regional GDP of Nanchang reached138.989 billion yuan, 29.5 times that of 1978, with an average annual growth of 12.5%. In 2007, Nanchang could create 1978 GDP in just three and a half days. The annual per capita GDP reached 30,460 yuan, 9.6 times higher than 1978, with an average annual growth of 1.0%. According to the current exchange rate, per capita GDP has exceeded $4,000.
(2) Economic restructuring has achieved remarkable results.
While the economic aggregate has doubled and the economic strength has been significantly enhanced, Nanchang's economic restructuring has also achieved remarkable results, and its industrial structure has been continuously optimized. The structure of the three industries has changed from 29.3: 49.2: 21.5 "213" at the beginning of the reform and opening up to 6.2: 54.3: 39.5 "231"in 2007. Compared with 1978, the secondary industry has an average annual growth of 13.4%, and its proportion has increased by 5. 1 percentage point. The tertiary industry grew at an average annual rate of 14.9%, and its proportion increased by 18.0 percentage points. At the same time, Nanchang's primary industry has embarked on the road of modern agriculture and characteristic agriculture. In 2007, the added value of the primary industry was 8.34 billion yuan, 4. 1 times higher than that of 1978.
The internal structure of industry is becoming more and more reasonable. The industrial structure has changed from "light and heavy" to the coordinated development of light and heavy industries. From 1979 to 2007, the total output value of light industry increased by 12.6% on average, and that of heavy industry increased by 12.0% on average. The proportion of light and heavy industries changed from 50% in 1978 to 54.3% and 45.7% in 2007. The agricultural structure has changed from "grain as the key link" to a new pattern of simultaneous development of agriculture and economy and coordinated development of various industries. In 2007, the proportion of pure agriculture decreased from 85.4% in 1978 to 39.9%, while the proportion of animal husbandry and fishery increased from 1 1.8% and 1.4% to 33.7% and 23.2%.
The ownership structure has been steadily adjusted. The reform and opening up has completely changed the pattern of Nanchang's state-owned economy dominating the world, gradually cut off the bondage of ownership to productive forces, and formed a situation in which the state-owned economy continues to grow, the private economy rises rapidly, and the foreign-funded economy is increasing day by day. From 65438 to 0978, in Nanchang's GDP, the proportion of public ownership economy reached more than 95%. By 2007, the proportion of the public sector of the economy had dropped to 45. 1%. Non-public ownership economy plays an irreplaceable positive role in Nanchang's economic development.
County economy has distinct characteristics. Nanchang County, Xinjian County and Qingshan Lake District are gradually built into comprehensive strong counties based on industrialization, with equal emphasis on domestic demand and export-oriented economy. As the old city, donghu district and Xihu District occupy more than half of Nanchang's consumer goods market, and are further strengthening Nanchang's position as a "business center". Qingyunpu district's building economy, tourism economy and logistics cluster are developing rapidly, and will become the commercial sub-center of Nanchang. Jinxian County, Anyi County and Wanli District, with convenient transportation and rich natural resources, have become characteristic agriculture and ecological agriculture bases in Nanchang. Two national development zones, High-tech Industrial Development Zone and Economic and Technological Development Zone, have become the industrial bases of Nanchang. High-tech industrial development zone has formed pillar industries such as electronic information, integration of optics, mechanics and electronics, biomedicine and new materials. The economic and technological development zone has formed supporting industries such as air conditioning, paper making, automobiles and electronic information. Using the advantages of mountains and rivers, Honggutan New District has initially built a new urban area with administrative office and residence as the mainstay, integrating culture, business, tourism and leisure. The embryonic form of the pharmaceutical industrial base in Shanghai Economic and Technological Development Zone is beginning to appear. Hero Economic Development Zone is developing into a modern industrial park integrating leisure and vacation, science and technology exhibition, biotechnology and ecological agriculture.
(3) The people's material and cultural living standards have been comprehensively improved.
The income of urban and rural residents in Nanchang has increased substantially, the savings have increased year after year, and the life has entered a well-off society from food and clothing, and it is moving towards prosperity. In 2007, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Nanchang reached 13076 yuan, an increase of 37.6 times compared with 1980; The annual per capita net income of rural residents reached 5034 yuan, 39.9 times higher than that of 1978. The increase in income makes the family property of residents increase continuously. By the end of 2007, the balance of savings deposits of urban and rural residents reached 74.457 billion yuan, and the per capita savings deposits increased from 1978 yuan in 29 years to 16000 yuan.
Residents' consumption expenditure has increased substantially. In 2007, the annual per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 10064 yuan, which was 26.2 times higher than 198 1. The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 2972 yuan, 26.5 times higher than that of 1978. Significant changes have taken place in the consumption structure, and the level and quality of residents' durable consumer goods have been continuously improved. By the end of 2007, every 100 urban households had color TV sets 145, refrigerators 102, air conditioners 165438, computers 5 1.33 and telephones 87. Every 100 rural families have 1 10 color TV, 45 refrigerators, 25 air conditioners, 40 motorcycles and 72 telephones.
The living environment of residents is improving day by day, and the quality of life is constantly improving. The reduction of Engel's coefficient (that is, the proportion of food consumption expenditure to residents' consumption expenditure) is an important symbol of the improvement of the material living standards of urban and rural residents. 1980, the Engel's coefficient of urban and rural households in Nanchang was 59.6% and 63.0% respectively, but it decreased to 39.9% and 50.2% in 2007, down by 19.7 percentage points and 12.8 percentage points respectively. At the end of 2007, the per capita living area of urban residents increased from 4.88 square meters in 1980 to 27.27 square meters in 2007; The per capita living area of rural residents also increased from 7 square meters in 1978 to 42.32 square meters in 2007; The number of health technicians per 10,000 people increased from 0.6 in 1978 to 5 1 person in 2007. With the rapid development of social security, a social security system with old-age insurance, unemployment insurance and medical insurance as the main contents has been formed.
(d) fiscal and financial growth.
With the continuous expansion of economic aggregate, Nanchang's fiscal revenue has grown rapidly. In 2007, the total fiscal revenue of Nanchang City reached 1906 1 100 million yuan, 76.2 times that of 1978, with an average annual growth of 16. 1%. Among them, the general budget revenue reached 8.722 billion yuan, 33.2 times higher than that of 1978, with an average annual growth of 13.0%. There are 6 counties and districts whose total fiscal revenue exceeds 654.38+0 billion yuan. The quality of income has been continuously improved, and the proportion of tax revenue in total fiscal revenue has increased from 79.2% in 1978 to 9 1.7%. The financial industry has developed rapidly, and the balance of deposits and loans has risen rapidly. At the end of 2007, the balance of bank deposits reached 65.438+076.322 billion yuan, and the balance of loans reached 65.438+074.233 billion yuan, while the balance of bank deposits and loans of 65.438+0978 was only 275 million yuan and 992 million yuan.
(5) The rapid development of industry has greatly improved economic benefits.
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang's industry has gradually moved towards a market economy from a closed system of independence and self-development, and achieved leap-forward development. Ten manufacturing bases for automobiles, air conditioners, medicines and other products have initially taken shape, and high-tech industries such as optoelectronics, new materials and communication equipment have also risen rapidly. In 2007, the city's industrial added value was 53.275 billion yuan, accounting for 38.3% of the regional GDP, of which the industrial added value above designated size was 403/kloc-0.50 billion yuan, accounting for 29.0% of the regional GDP. There are 939 industrial enterprises above designated size, with a total industrial output value of12765438+80 million yuan, 68.5 times higher than 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 15.8%. The output of major industrial products has greatly increased. In 2007, compared with 1978, steel products increased by 40.2 times, with an average annual growth of 13.7%. The automobile increased by 70.4 times, with an average annual growth rate of15.9%; The power generation increased by 4.6 times, with an average annual increase of 6.1%; Cigarettes increased by 3. 1 times, with an average annual growth rate of 5.0%; Cement increased by 50.7 times, with an average annual growth rate of 14.6%.
The economic benefits of industrial enterprises have been greatly improved. In 2007, Nanchang's GDP energy consumption per ten thousand yuan output value was 0.955 tons of standard coal per ten thousand yuan, which was lower than the national average. The sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 98.2%, the comprehensive index of economic benefits was 2.2328, the profit was 5.323 billion yuan, and the tax revenue was 7.446 billion yuan.
(6) The scale of investment has expanded unprecedentedly, and the investment structure has been continuously optimized.
Since the reform and opening-up, Nanchang has taken expanding effective investment as an important means to promote economic restructuring, upgrade industrial level, enhance competitive strength and enhance development potential, and made great efforts to increase investment in basic industries, infrastructure and key productive projects, alleviating "bottlenecks" such as transportation, posts and telecommunications, energy and raw materials. The investment scale has been expanded unprecedentedly and the investment structure has been continuously optimized. In 2007, Nanchang's investment in fixed assets was 8198.9 billion yuan, 67.0 times higher than that of1978, with an average annual growth rate of 25.2%, of which non-state-owned enterprises invested 53154 million yuan, accounting for 64.8% of the total social investment. The investment in fixed assets above cities and towns was 774 12 billion yuan, of which non-state-owned investment was 49.544 billion yuan, accounting for 64.0% of the investment above cities and towns; Among the non-state-owned investments, foreign investors, investments from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan115.59 million yuan, and personal investments165438+20 million yuan; The investment ratio of the three industries was adjusted to 0. 1: 39.6: 60.3.
(7) Effective investment attraction.
In 2007, the total import and export volume of Nanchang reached $3 1.95 billion, of which the total export volume reached $2.336 billion, an increase of 1.97 times compared with 1.980. All-round, multi-field and multi-level investment promotion has added new vitality to Nanchang's economic development. Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang has continuously optimized the investment environment and improved the public service system, making Nanchang a hot spot for international and eastern coastal developed areas to undertake industrial gradient transfer. Over the past 30 years, Nanchang has signed a total of 2,886 foreign capital utilization contract projects, with contracted foreign capital of 7.976 billion US dollars and actually utilized foreign capital of 6.0/kloc-0.50 billion US dollars. The proportion of foreign-invested enterprises in Nanchang's main economic indicators is increasing year by year, and foreign-invested enterprises have become the main force to promote the rapid economic development of Nanchang. In 2007, among the total industrial output value above designated size, foreign-invested enterprises completed 26.438 billion yuan, accounting for 20.8% of the city; In fixed assets investment, foreign investment and investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan account for 14.9%. Nanchang's foreign tourism has also developed rapidly. In 2007, Nanchang received 896,543,800 overseas tourists, which was 4.8 times higher than 1983. Tourism foreign exchange income reached 25.55 million US dollars, an increase of 65.438+0.72 times compared with 65.438+0.983.
(8) The city has taken on a new look and the infrastructure has been gradually improved.
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the beginning of the new century, Nanchang has continuously increased its investment in urban infrastructure construction around the "two articles" of building a modern civilized garden hero city and a modern regional economic center city. A large number of transportation, communication, energy, municipal and environmental projects have been completed and put into use, and the carrying capacity of Nanchang has been significantly enhanced. The highway has formed a "five-hour economic circle" with Nanchang as the center and five hours access to the surrounding provincial capitals. Urban and rural highway networks extend in all directions, and every village has access to highways.
The layout of urban functions is constantly optimized. The planning and construction of the old city, the new city, the expansion area and the ecological area go hand in hand, which opens the urban framework of "one river with two banks and two cities supporting the river" in Nanchang; A large number of key urban infrastructure projects such as Nanchang Bridge, New Bayi Bridge, Misheng Bridge, Ring Expressway and "Eight Lakes and Two Rivers" have been built one after another. New Nanchang, a famous historical city, a city of mountains and rivers and a modern new city, has risen. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period alone, Nanchang has invested 65.438+07.843 billion yuan in urban public infrastructure, an increase of 654.38+06.8 times compared with the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. In 2007, Nanchang's urban public infrastructure investment reached 654.38+0.0645 billion yuan, accounting for 654.38+03.0% of the total social investment; The total length of roads increased from 65438+26 1 km in 0980 to 91km in 2007; The total road area increased from 2.08 million square meters in 1980 to16.96 million square meters in 2007; The number of urban bridges increased from 24 in 1980 to 133 in 2007. The urban three-dimensional traffic road framework with three rings and eleven shots has basically taken shape. Urban street lamps increased from 5357 in 1980 to 45763 in 2007; Posts and telecommunications have developed rapidly. In 2007, the total capacity of telephone exchanges in Nanchang was 22 1 10,000, and the capacity of mobile communication exchanges reached 410.3 million. The total post and telecommunications business increased from 4.69 million yuan in 654.38+0.978 to 437.65+0.84 million yuan in 2007. The comprehensive service function of the city has been continuously strengthened. The daily production capacity of tap water reached 14 1000 cubic meters, the daily supply of pipeline gas reached 206,000 cubic meters, and the number of buses increased from 1980 to 2,448 in 2007.
In 2007, the park area in Nanchang has reached 736 hectares, and the public green area is 17 12 hectares. The urban green coverage rate has reached 40.4%, and the per capita public green area is 8.08 square meters.
Second, the enlightenment of Nanchang's economic and social development since the reform and opening up
(1) Implementing the Party's basic line is the fundamental reason for the sustained and rapid economic and social development.
1978 just divides the 50 years since the founding of New China into two periods with roughly the same length. The achievements of economic and social development in the two periods are very different, and there are many reasons for the differences. We can draw convincing comments from different angles, but the fundamental reason is that China has comprehensively, correctly and actively implemented the Party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism in the past 30 years of reform and opening up. Practice shows that the reason why China can maintain social and political stability and rapid economic development is to adhere to the correct line of "one center and two basic points". System reform, the establishment of a socialist market economy, and giving full play to the basic position of the market in resource allocation have greatly liberated and developed productive forces and injected inexhaustible motive force into economic and social development.
Adhering to the correct line of "one center and two basic points" has brought great vitality to Nanchang. Through the supporting implementation of the central system reform measures, the economic and social operation management system has been continuously improved, the government efficiency has been continuously improved, and the market mechanism and government management mechanism have been effectively integrated; Introduce various factors of production through opening to the outside world; Improve the efficiency of market competition through various elements; Through the non-public economy from scratch; By establishing high-tech industrial clusters; By establishing a modern service industry system with local characteristics and rich cultural characteristics of Jiangxi and Anhui, Nanchang has gradually established a brand-new and dynamic support system for rapid economic and social development.
(2) To benefit the people and provide inexhaustible motive force for economic development.
Man is the most revolutionary decisive factor among the elements of productive forces, and people are the creators of history. The fundamental purpose of socialist economic and social development is to continuously improve people's material and cultural living standards. Reform and opening up have greatly improved the comprehensive national strength and provided a material basis for continuously improving people's living standards. Practice has proved that when more people can enjoy the fruits of reform and opening up and get more benefits, they can consciously and wholeheartedly devote themselves to economic construction, thus providing a steady stream of power for the deepening of reform and opening up.
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the broad masses of people in Nanchang have gained great practical benefits through honest labor, the living standards of urban and rural residents have been greatly improved, and the enthusiasm of the people in the city to invest in the great practice of economic construction has been continuously improved. In the future, we still need to adhere to the people-oriented principle, put the interests of the people first, give more consideration to benefiting the people when formulating policies, and give full play to the great strength of the people.
(3) Increase investment to provide sufficient guarantee for economic growth.
Since the reform and opening up, especially since 10, Nanchang's various economic and technological inputs have been accelerated, and large inputs have produced large outputs, which fully guaranteed the dynamic foundation for economic take-off. Objectively speaking, at present, our city is still an investment-driven economy, and the increase of investment will still play a leading role in economic growth. Take investment in fixed assets as an example. Since 1978, the investment growth in Nanchang has been accelerating, and the investment scale has jumped to a new level. From 1978, the investment in fixed assets in Nanchang is only1200,000 yuan. 1995 exceeded 5 billion yuan; Less than 8 billion yuan in 2000; In 2005, it exceeded 50 billion yuan, and in 2007 it was 8198.9 million yuan.
Huge investment has played a decisive role in changing the face of Nanchang. The scale of Nanchang city has expanded rapidly, the living environment of residents and the appearance of the city have undergone fundamental changes, and the level of major urban facilities has jumped to a new level, effectively changing the urban investment environment and providing a good external environment for domestic and foreign investors to start their own businesses in Nanchang. The living conditions of residents have also been greatly improved in the rapid development of the real estate industry. In agriculture, water conservancy construction focusing on harnessing large rivers and Mentang Reservoir and increasing effective irrigation area has been carried out, which has provided a guarantee for the stable development of agriculture. Industrial investment has always been the main component of investment. In 2007, Nanchang's industrial investment exceeded 30 billion yuan. By increasing investment, Nanchang's industrial economy has been continuously transformed and optimized, and emerging industries that meet market demand have risen rapidly. The rise of a number of industrial parks has become an important engine of Nanchang's economic development.
(D) Building a modern manufacturing base is the basic driving force for Nanchang to accelerate its development.
At the beginning of reform and opening up, Nanchang's industrial economic foundation was weak, the overall technical level was backward, there were few pillar industries, and the total industrial scale was small. Industry is the bottleneck restricting the rapid development of Nanchang's overall economy.
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang has always attached importance to expanding industry as a breakthrough to accelerate economic development. Especially since the beginning of the new century, Nanchang has fully implemented the strategy of revitalizing the city through industry, and its industrial economy has developed rapidly. In 2007, Nanchang industry played an increasingly prominent role in stimulating GDP growth. In 2007, the proportion of industry in GDP reached 38.3%, ranking first in all industries. Accelerating the process of building a modern manufacturing base, vigorously developing the park economy and making the pillar industries bigger and stronger are the basic ways to realize the rise of Nanchang in central China.
(E) Developing modern service industry is the key strategy to enhance Nanchang's comprehensive strength.
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang's service industry has developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 1978-2007 reaching 14.9%, and the added value of service industry in 2007 was 54.9 billion yuan. The internal structure of the service industry has also undergone tremendous changes. With the accelerating process of reform and opening up and the rapid development of emerging industries, the proportion of traditional industries has gradually decreased, while the proportion of emerging industries has increased rapidly. Nanchang service industry has not only become an important pillar of economic growth, but also played an important role in optimizing industrial structure, solving employment pressure and improving people's lives.
(6) Vigorously develop the non-public economy and add infinite vitality to the overall economy.
Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang's non-public economy has gradually supported half of the economic and social development, and the non-public economy has added infinite vitality to Nanchang's development. In 2007, there were 613,700 employees in the city's individual and private economy, and 654,380+054,200 employees in other economic units such as joint-stock cooperative system, foreign investors and businessmen from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Non-public ownership economy has become the main body of employment in Nanchang. In 2007, there were 939 industries above designated size in Nanchang, including 340 private enterprises with non-public economy and 34 foreign and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businesses 134. In addition, a considerable number of 340 limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies are non-public enterprises, so non-public property has become an indispensable part of Nanchang industry. In the wholesale and retail market, except for a few commodities such as petroleum products, which are mainly sold in the public sector, the rest are mainly in the non-public sector; In the field of investment, private investment accounted for 49.2% in 2007; In the service sector, the data of the 2004 economic census showed that among the legal entities in Nanchang, there were 426 state-owned collective units, accounting for 22.8% of the total number of service units, 77.2% were private entrepreneurs, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen, and 92,600 were self-employed service households.
Practice has proved that under the condition of market economy in the primary stage of socialism, the non-public economy is an indispensable part of the whole economic system. The non-public sector of the economy keeps up with the market demand, grows stronger in the competition, and brings infinite vitality to the economic and social development, as evidenced by the competitive development of the non-public sector of the economy in the developed coastal areas. Nanchang should seize the opportunity, vigorously develop the non-public economy, give full play to the role of the production factors of the whole society, and accelerate economic development.
(7) Strengthening opening to the outside world is an important way to accelerate development.
Opening to the outside world, expanding import and export business and increasing the intensity of introducing domestic and foreign capital are important ways to accelerate economic development. Since the reform and opening up, Nanchang's foreign trade has developed steadily from scratch. In 2007, Nanchang's total import and export volume (customs caliber) was US$ 365.438+US$ 95 million, of which US$ 2.336 billion was exported and US$ 859 million was imported. In 2007, the actual utilization of foreign capital was 1.23 1 billion dollars, and the actual utilization of domestic capital outside the province was 32.3 billion yuan.
Through opening to the outside world, the introduction of capital, technology, management concepts, talents and other production factors has greatly accelerated the process of Nanchang's modernization, and the status of export-oriented economy has become decisive and indispensable. Nanchang must constantly emancipate its mind, improve its own quality through various means, and increase the attractiveness of opening up.