1. The supervision unit is employed by the construction unit. As a third party, it is difficult to practice, and the independence, impartiality and scientificity of supervision cannot be guaranteed;
2. Construction units rarely delegate project management rights, and the responsibilities of "quality, cost, schedule control and safety production management" required by the national standard "Code for Supervision of Construction Projects" are ineffective, and the supervision role is mostly limited to quality control;
3. Functional restrictions further limit the development of the supervision market, and the fierce competitive environment breeds vicious competition, which in turn leads to a vicious circle of industry development. ...
I. Reform process of regulatory system
Cancellation of compulsory supervision is the main way of engineering supervision reform: in 20 14, Shenzhen took the lead in carrying out the pilot reform of non-compulsory supervision, and then gradually expanded the pilot scope from social engineering to government engineering. Subsequently, Shandong, Tianjin, Hunan and other provinces, as well as cities such as Chengdu and Xiamen, also joined the pilot ranks of non-compulsory supervision. 20 18 in March and April, Shanghai and Beijing also successively issued policies on the reform of compulsory supervision system, stipulating that engineering supervision will no longer be compulsory in some projects.
In view of the problems such as the handling of construction permits and the examination and approval of completion acceptance caused by the cancellation of compulsory supervision in some areas, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development revised the Measures for the Administration of Construction Permits for Building Projects in September 20 18, deleting the original Item 7 of Paragraph 1 of Article 4: If the project that should be entrusted with supervision according to regulations has been entrusted with supervision, this means that the construction unit can apply for a construction permit without entrusting supervision.
Pilot whole-process engineering consulting and architect responsibility system are also reform options in many areas: more than ten provinces such as Shaanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have started the whole-process engineering consulting pilot; From 20 16, Pudong, Shanghai (165438+2006 10/0), Xiamen, Fujian (17165438+10), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (.
Carrying out the project quality insurance system instead of the project supervision system is another innovative development direction of the current project supervision system reform. 2019,65438+1October, 1 1, xiong'an new area Management Committee of Hebei Province issued "Management Measures for Bidding of Construction Projects in xiong'an new area (for Trial Implementation)", in which Article 44 clearly states: Combining with the application of BIM, CIM and other technologies, the project quality insurance system will be gradually implemented to replace the project supervision system. March 2020 1 According to the Notice of Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Optimizing the Construction Management of Construction Units in this Municipality, the construction units can purchase insurance for potential defects of project quality (hereinafter referred to as "IDI") in projects that do not require project supervision, and the insurance company entrusts risk management institutions to manage the project construction.
First, the transformation opportunities and trends of supervision industry
With the continuous advancement of the above reform policies, the pilot scope of canceling compulsory engineering supervision in China has been expanding, and the sense of crisis and panic of supervision practitioners for the future development of the industry has become increasingly strong. However, judging from the deepening development of supervision qualification management, market demand and supervision system reform, the crisis of engineering supervision system reform also breeds new opportunities for industry transformation and development.
(A) from the perspective of supervision qualification management
First of all, China's engineering supervision system started to develop late, but the industry has high requirements for the ability level of supervision practitioners, especially the complex knowledge structure, engineering technology, legal knowledge, contract management and measurement knowledge are indispensable; In addition, the long-standing irregular market competition and low supervision fees in the domestic supervision industry have caused a large number of brain drain in the supervision industry, leading to a long-term talent gap in the domestic supervision market.
According to the latest data of the registered supervision engineer management system, as of June 65438+1October 65438+March 2020, there were ***2 13 135 registered supervision engineers in China. It is estimated that the market demand for high-end supervision talents in China will be about 600,000 in the same period. Therefore, objectively, the domestic engineering supervision market has a strong market demand for supervision talents.
Secondly, from the perspective of the policy trend of supervision professional qualification management, the country also shows an urgent market demand for senior supervision talents.
2065438+February 23, 2009, 65438+2009, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Management Measures for General Contracting of Housing Construction and Municipal Infrastructure Projects, clearly stating that "registered supervision engineers" and "people who have served as general supervision engineers similar to the proposed projects" can be the project managers of general contracting projects.
On February 28th, 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other four departments jointly issued "Regulations on Professional Qualification System of Supervision Engineers" and "Implementation Measures for Qualification Examination of Supervision Engineers", which not only pointed out that obtaining the professional qualification of supervision engineers can be regarded as having the title of engineer, but also can be used as a condition for applying for a higher professional title. In addition, the restriction of intermediate titles in the application conditions of supervision engineers was abolished, and the original examination period was changed from 2 years to 4 years, which greatly reduced the examination threshold of supervision engineers and improved the pass rate.
In addition, in recent years, with the nationwide social security networking, the combination of certificates and inspections has become stricter, and the long-standing phenomenon of hanging certificates in the supervision market has also been alleviated. The market demand for effective supervision engineer qualifications has become increasingly strong, creating a good market opportunity for the development of the supervision personnel industry.
(B) from the deepening development of the supervision system reform.
After the cancellation of "mandatory project supervision", various regions actively explored alternative schemes. At present, there are mainly the self-operated mode of the construction unit, the mode of the external supervision unit (the government purchases services and entrusts supervision), the mode of implementing the whole process engineering consulting service management, and the mode of purchasing IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance.
1. Self-operated mode of the construction unit
Under the self-operated mode, the construction unit employs professional and technical personnel as internal engineers to perform supervision duties. The corresponding personnel who actually perform the supervision duties belong to the internal employees of the construction unit, rather than a single responsible subject. They only need to be responsible to the construction unit (owner) and do not undertake the duties entrusted by the government. The original statutory supervision responsibilities shall be borne by the construction unit.
This is in line with the policy opinion that the state has continuously tightened the primary responsibility of the construction unit for project quality in recent years, which can force the construction unit to take the initiative to pay attention to the standardization and rationality of project supervision, change the situation that the responsibility boundary is unclear under the "five-party responsibility system" in the past, and quality and safety accidents are mostly paid by the supervision unit, which is conducive to promoting the healthy development of the supervision industry.
2. The mode of external supervision unit
After the cancellation of mandatory project supervision, the construction unit can also provide supervision services to the project by entrusting external supervision units. At present, this method mainly entrusts supervision through the way of government purchasing services, that is, the local housing and construction bureau determines several supervision units through the way of government purchasing services. If the construction unit needs to hire an external supervision unit, it needs to apply through the government website and choose from the above supervision units.
The biggest feature of this model is to avoid the bad problem of winning the bid in supervision bidding in the past. Through the overall arrangement of government purchasing services, the qualification ability of supervision units is guaranteed and the supervision implementation is standardized. At the same time, because the supervision service fee is submitted to the financial department through the housing and construction department according to the procedure, it avoids the irregular market phenomenon that the construction unit used the supervision fee to "hold" the supervision unit. Under this supervision mode, project supervisors have a good supervision environment, which can effectively ensure the scientificity, standardization and rationality of supervision work and is conducive to the benign development of supervision industry.
3. Whole process engineering consultation and IDI insurance
In addition to the self-operated mode and external mode of the construction unit, some areas have also put forward the idea of replacing engineering supervision with "whole process engineering consultation" and "IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance" to effectively control the engineering quality, progress and cost.
Formally speaking, the whole process engineering consultation and IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance are brand-new engineering management models which are in line with international practices and applied innovatively in the field of construction engineering, and the relationship between them and the engineering supervision system is substitution and substitution. However, from the perspective of the development of supervision industry, both whole-process engineering consulting and IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance are emerging engineering management industries in China, which objectively lack corresponding professional technology and management talents, which creates good market development opportunities for the transformation and upgrading of supervision industry.
Take the whole process engineering consultation as an example
The essence of engineering supervision is a kind of engineering consulting management service. Theoretically, the supervision function covers the whole life cycle of project construction. However, due to the vague development orientation of the domestic supervision system, the supervision function is often limited to the construction stage, which does not fully reflect the original value of the supervision industry.
The transformation and upgrading of supervision industry to the whole process of engineering consultation can reshape the value of supervision industry, give full play to the consulting management function of engineering supervision in the whole process of project construction, and effectively expand the vertical business extension of engineering supervision.
In addition, TIS quality risk management service in IDI engineering quality potential defect insurance also has the characteristics that quality supervision covers the whole process of engineering construction. As an independent third-party quality management service organization, it has good quality supervision environment conditions, is not affected by the construction unit and the construction unit, and can give full play to the original quality and safety supervision function of supervision.