First, the scope of the whole process cost control in the construction stage
The development of a construction project needs to go through three stages: decision-making stage, design stage and implementation stage (bidding stage, construction stage and completion acceptance stage), in which the construction stage is the most critical stage of project implementation. The goal of the whole process cost control in the construction stage refers to the reasonable determination and effective control of the construction drawing budget price, contract price and project settlement price by the registered cost engineer in the cost consulting industry. This project is based on the existing laws, regulations and relevant provisions, and adopts scientific calculation methods and practical valuation basis.
Traditional project evaluation is usually carried out at one time when the project is completed and settled. Although some expenses are reduced in the form of project evaluation, the actual effect is only to verify the final project price. However, the whole process cost control in the construction stage is different from the traditional project price evaluation model in terms of service scope, consulting content and work nature. The characteristics of the whole process cost control in the construction stage are: the cost engineer controls the whole project cost dynamically, beforehand and actively in the whole construction stage. The monitoring performance of project cost is from rough to fine, from lag to advance, which can better adapt to the changes of market economy and the entrustment needs of owners. According to the entrusted contents, registered cost engineers can provide comprehensive cost consulting and tracking services accordingly. At present, the whole process cost control scope in China's construction stage mainly includes: reviewing all kinds of construction project contracts (agreements), putting forward reasonable suggestions for controlling cost and reducing cost, compiling project capital plan and cash flow statement, attending construction meetings on the construction site to provide on-site services, reviewing monthly workload report and project advance payment (progress), compiling and reviewing construction drawing budget, comprehensively (emphatically) reviewing the total amount of formed steel bars, and adjusting project budget control objectives. Prepare dynamic analysis of project cost, review design changes, visas or other project costs, and provide consultation on project claims and counterclaims and materials (including materials provided by Party A, etc.). ), equipment and greening price, review the project budget (settlement) by stages, provide relevant project cost information and legal consultation, provide a full set of project cost control files, and write the overall project cost consultation report.
Due to the timeliness of cost consultation, in the whole construction stage, the cost engineer solved a series of problems related to cost and related expenses in advance, especially the reasonable suggestions for cost control and cost reduction, which can ensure and promote the reduction of project construction cost and the control of construction period and quality.
Second, the construction stage to implement the whole process of cost control
In the specific implementation process, cost engineers should be honest, high-quality, efficient, pioneering and innovative, and constantly learn operation methods and skills in order to get twice the result with half the effort. Due to the differences of projects, the emphasis of cost control is slightly different. Here are some practical methods and skills of cost control.
1. Prepare the implementation plan of the whole process cost control in the construction stage.
The implementation plan is a programmatic document for cost control. According to the requirements of the entrustment contract and the characteristics of the project, the implementation plan of the whole process cost control in the construction stage is compiled, which mainly includes the general situation of the project; Cost control organization; Cost control process; Consultation content at each stage; Feasible work plan, etc. Arrange cost engineers to enter the site for consulting services in a reasonable and orderly manner.
2. Reasonable suggestions on cost control and cost reduction.
According to the current relevant regulations and the spirit of the project contract, the registered cost engineer uses the scientific theory of cost consultation and rich practical experience, and provides reasonable suggestions for the owner to control and reduce the cost in time according to the specific characteristics of the project.
3. Look at the overall situation and focus on the key points
(1) Review the project contract (agreement). First, review the legality of the contract (agreement). Whether the spirit and text format of the contract (agreement) conform to the current relevant laws, regulations, policies and the spirit of project bidding. Secondly, review the rationality of the contract (agreement). Whether the language is concise, standardized and rigorous depends on avoiding laying the groundwork for future claims; Whether the description of relevant clauses is clear; Whether there are errors in the cost and calculation data; Whether the relevant contract schedules, annexes and signing procedures are complete.
(2) Review design changes and visa fees. First, qualitative review. Whether there are legal procedures and basis; Whether it conforms to the current relevant regulations, the construction contract and the spirit of project bidding; Whether the content is accurate, whether there is repeated calculation in disguised form, etc. Secondly, quantitative review. Whether the written expression is clear to prevent new contradictions and differences; Whether the cost calculation method and results are correct; Whether the corresponding accessories are complete, etc.
4. Review plans and steps
(1) First of all, you must thoroughly understand the spirit of project contract and project bidding, and be familiar with and understand the characteristics, charging standards and preferential conditions of the project; Secondly, review the project budget (settlement).
(2) Review the project budget (settlement). First review the quota (conversion), material price (supplement), charging standard, etc. Then audit the cost of design change and economic visa, and finally calculate the cost of engineering drawings for engineering quantity audit.
(3) Calculate the quantities of drawings. First the division engineering calculation, and then the unit engineering summary; Use the principle of overall consideration to avoid repeated calculation of engineering quantity and make full use of the calculated data as much as possible. It is required that the calculation level is clear and the calculation formula is clear at a glance, which is easy to recall, review and tell.
5. Standardize management and operate according to the set process (draw relevant charts).
Standardize operation and improve efficiency. Practice has proved that successful project cost control requires the sincere unity and cooperation of all relevant units involved in the construction.
(1) The owner, appraiser, supervisor and constructor are jointly responsible for price control, and all relevant units involved in the construction must unite sincerely and fully cooperate.
(1) Relationship diagram of owner, appraiser, supervisor and construction responsibility. Define the scope of responsibilities of all parties and the requirements for reporting, auditing and feedback of cost control in the form of charts.
(2) Monthly workload report and engineering payment flow chart. Define the monthly workload report and the procedural requirements of project payment declaration, review and feedback in the form of charts.
(3) Design change approval (visa) fee operation flow chart. Clarify the requirements for declaration, review and feedback of design changes and approval documents (visas) in the form of charts.
(4) Flow chart of material (equipment) price and cost audit. Make clear the procedural requirements for the declaration, review and feedback of materials (equipment) prices and expenses in the form of charts.
(5) Process the engineering budget (settlement) flow chart in stages. In the form of charts, the requirements for reporting, auditing and feedback of the project budget (settlement) are clearly handled in stages.
Strictly follow the process. Anything that does not meet the requirements will be returned to the next higher level.
6. The forms of consultation are flexible and diverse.
(1) Construction site office: According to the entrustment contract, the cost engineer can go to the construction site permanently or regularly or irregularly to dynamically manage the cost control.
(2) Work with modern tools: Cost engineers can control costs by telephone, fax and email. Seen from a distance.
(3) Oral consultation and answer: At the construction site or relevant construction meetings and coordination meetings, the cost engineer directly (indirectly) gives oral consultation and answer on the cost control issues.
(4) Written consultation report: such as consulting opinions on reviewing changes, visa fees or material prices; Evaluation report on settlement price of phased projects; Write the overall project cost consultation report, etc.
7. Specific working methods (organic combination of traditional methods and innovative methods)
(1) Traditional methods: all-test method, key method, memory method and experience method. Comprehensive review method refers to a comprehensive and detailed review of projects item by item; The key method refers to the review of key parts of the project; Memorization refers to reviewing projects by memorizing commonly used formulas, data, explanations, rules, standards, analysis and other materials; Empirical method refers to constantly summing up successful experiences, collecting and using valuable basic data, and focusing on those parts that are prone to miscalculation, omission, recalculation and overestimation in pre-calculation (conclusion).
(2) Innovation method: decomposition method, inquiry method and investigation method. A single (unit) project can be divided into several unit (division) projects, and the project budget (settlement) can be handled in stages; When inquiring about the price of materials (equipment), you can use professional newspapers and information networks to inquire; Visit suppliers or conduct market research to understand prices and information.
8. Review ideas and methods
(1) review ideas are clear: the order is reasonable and the levels are clear; Primary and secondary points, first main and then secondary; Easy before difficult, simple before complicated; First small, then big, first divided, then combined.
(2) Flexible review ideas: there are both firm principles (rigidity) and moderate flexibility (elasticity). According to the market formation price orientation and the market price range difference, the principle and flexibility are organically combined.
9. Preparation skills (preparation of project budget and settlement)
(1) Calculation of engineering quantity: The rationality of calculation sequence should be considered. Sub-items first and then sub-items; First the lower part, then the upper part; First foundation, then discipline; Structure first, then building; Build first and then install: build first and then install; Doors and windows first and then walls; Concrete structure precedes other structures, etc.
(2) Computer operation: be familiar with the functions of special software and make full use of the functions of copying, pasting, replacing, converting and price information of the computer to improve the accuracy and work efficiency of calculation; The data calculation of the summary table should be set by computer, and the calculation by heart or hand should be as little as possible.
10. Review skills
(1) Review the construction project contract (agreement): review the legality first, and then review the rationality.
(2) Review of design changes and visa fees: qualitative review first, then quantitative review. If it is found that design changes, visas and other expenses have been directly (indirectly) included in the expenses (direct fees or comprehensive rates) specified in the contract or relevant quotas, there is no need to conduct quantitative review.
(3) Audit the settlement expenses of the project: first audit the expenses such as design changes and approval documents (visas), and then audit some engineering drawings. It can prevent design changes and repeated collection of visa fees.
1 1. Consulting skills
(1) Respect each other and combine with the examination organ; Combination of principle and flexibility.
(2) The order of questions is reasonable: easy first, then difficult, small first, then big. Flexible negotiation methods: grasp the big and let go of the small, and be careful and rude.
(3) Pay attention to the rhythm of conversation: clear thinking, good at presiding and full coordination; Pay attention to language art, wit and humor, and strive to create a relaxed and friendly atmosphere for talks.
(4) Assessing the situation: observing words and observing colors, reflecting agility and strong adaptability; Grasp the initiative, seize the instant opportunity, use the other party's mentality, and try to mobilize the other party's enthusiasm for the talks.
(5) Control the overall situation: summarize, guide and seek common ground while reserving differences in time; Be good at finding and catching the "breakthrough" of negotiation; Once you have reached the knowledge of * * *, you should immediately sign the minutes of the meeting to prevent accidents.
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