(1) Organization and management of freight production. It mainly includes the delivery, transit and arrival of goods, organization of reloading and combined transportation with other modes of transportation, loading and unloading, distribution, storage and reloading of goods, distribution of transportation capacity and stowage of goods, formulation of goods transportation plan, and quality supervision and management of the whole process of goods transportation.
(2) Organization and management of supply. The supply of goods is the basic element of the transportation market, and it is also the focus of competition for freight operators in the market. Through the organization and management of freight production, the freight station grasps the information of goods supply and the changing law of goods flow direction, and grasps the characteristics of goods distribution, flow direction, flow rate and flow time in time to realize the reasonable transportation of goods. The freight station should strengthen the contact and consultation with the material units, undertake freight business, and assist the material units to choose reasonable transportation modes and routes, sign relevant transportation contracts and agreements, and provide reliable guarantee for the orderly operation of freight business. (3) Organization and management of transportation capacity. By providing the society with information on the source of goods and the flow of goods, the freight station organizes all kinds of vehicles to transport goods, and uses the market mechanism to coordinate the matching relationship between the source of goods and the transportation capacity, so as to keep the transportation capacity and the transportation volume relatively balanced.
⑷ Operation organization and management. According to the characteristics of freight flow, the best route and operation mode of freight vehicles are determined, and the operation plan is made to make freight vehicles run in an orderly manner.
5] Participate in freight market management. Freight stations should cooperate with industry management departments, organically link shippers, freight operators and road transportation management departments through transportation management, use economic leverage and effective management means to meet the needs of shippers and participants, promote the organization of scattered social vehicles and logistics, normalize transportation order, and rationalize the utilization of energy and funds. So as to achieve the purpose of management, so that all links of cargo transportation, storage and loading and unloading tools can operate harmoniously and flexibly. In addition to road freight transportation, truck freight stations should also carry out joint transportation with other modes of transportation, give full play to the characteristics and advantages of various modes of transportation, and gradually improve the comprehensive transportation system. The freight station should establish close contact with other modes of transportation through the traffic information center and its own information system, and coordinate the joint transportation business.
Transportation agent refers to the freight station handling all kinds of goods transportation business for all relevant units or individuals in its service area, providing two-way service for shippers and shippers, selecting the best transportation route, reasonably organizing multimodal transport, and implementing "one transportation, full responsibility". Achieve the purpose of facilitating owners and improving social and economic benefits. Analysis on the present situation of railway freight station
The existing management system and production organization mode of railway freight station can no longer meet the market demand for logistics services. Although the freight station has been reformed in different scope and degree from the inside, such as developing diversified operations, developing freight forwarders and establishing freight marketing institutions, it has not fundamentally solved its development problems.
Guiding logistics service of freight station with modern logistics thought
(1) Build a logistics platform. Infrastructure should focus on the modernization and intelligence of logistics equipment and facilities, such as warehousing automation, loading and unloading mechanization, processing and distribution integration, etc. Logistics informatization construction pays attention to the application of modern science and technology such as information network and satellite positioning system. ⑵ Integration into the logistics system. First of all, we should reform in consciousness, technology, talents, organization and management, change the habit of planned economy, and establish a logistics enterprise with corporate governance structure. Consider using their respective advantages to cut into the logistics system of highway, civil aviation, water transport and industrial and commercial enterprises with unique and convenient organization mode, service standard, technical level and equipment standard, and carry out high-starting cooperation.
⑶ Using modern management means, establish a logistics operation process and standard system with scientific design and planning.
Integrate into the supply chain
Railway freight station was originally an isolated point in the whole logistics chain. It has no strategic cooperative relationship with production enterprises and commercial circulation enterprises, and it is unclear about the supplier's supply information, customer's demand information and satisfaction. The supply chain requires that the railway freight station is not only a node, but also a connection point in the chain, so the freight station should be reformed according to the requirements and needs of the supply chain before it can be integrated into the supply chain.
(1) Choose the entry point and integrate into the supply chain. Through transportation services, we will go deep into the production and sales channels of enterprises, analyze the factors closely related to logistics such as production scale, production process and logistics demand, find the breakthrough point and integrate into the logistics chain.
⑵ Determine the logistics service level. If the existing logistics service level can meet the logistics demand of customers, then design the logistics service demand, draw up the service content, and then organize the implementation; If the demand cannot be met, we can consider increasing investment to improve the service level or establishing alliances with other logistics service enterprises.
(3) The choice and decision of alliance enterprises. Freight stations must establish alliances with other transportation and storage enterprises such as roads and aviation to form a whole, so as to effectively provide comprehensive transportation services and improve the level of logistics services.
⑷ Evaluate customer satisfaction regularly, analyze main influencing factors and determine improvement measures.
Modern logistics service content of railway freight station
(1) Broaden the scope of basic logistics services. Specifically, it includes: (1) developing distribution business while giving full play to transportation advantages to reduce transaction times, reduce logistics costs and improve service level; ② Change the temporary warehouse into a storage center, and carry out specialized storage, storage, circulation storage and short-term storage; ③ Distribution, processing and packaging operations should be carried out. If the goods are mainly less-than-truckload goods such as daily necessities, daily necessities and hardware, we can focus on developing the goods packaging business.
(2) Provide logistics facilities to the market. Freight stations can provide storage, transportation and loading and unloading facilities to the external market for a fee.
⑶ Design logistics solutions for customers. Provide customers with services such as logistics business reorganization, logistics network structure design and selection, warehousing function and scale positioning, transportation system optimization, optimal inventory management, and business information collection. , and provide customers with integrated solutions for logistics and information flow.
(4) Developing transportation agents. Railway transportation agency business is not only to improve service means, but also to promote the separation of transportation, production and transportation organizations of railway enterprises, and finally to make the logistics organization within the freight station professional, socialized and market-oriented, and become an important link in the supply chain.
To sum up, supply chain management plays an extremely important role in reducing enterprise logistics costs, improving logistics service level and enhancing enterprise competitiveness. Carrying out modern logistics services under the guidance of supply chain ideas can help railway freight stations to advance the pace of strategic restructuring and reform in a multi-level and all-round way, and finally build railway freight stations into modern logistics enterprises that can provide high-quality and professional services.
Railway freight station equipment
1. Receiving, disassembling and marshalling trains need enough station lines such as arrival and departure lines, marshalling lines, loading and unloading lines, parking lines and locomotive running lines.
2. Set up necessary freight yard equipment, such as warehouses, cargo platforms, awnings and bulk freight yards.
3. Loading and unloading equipment, etc.
4. Offices and lounges for cranes and stevedores. Automobile Freight Station and Its Location
Automobile freight station is sometimes called bus station or parking lot, and its main task is to complete the production task of road freight transportation safely, conveniently and in time. The location of truck freight station shall conform to the overall layout planning of highway main hub and the development planning of freight station (field) in this area. If there is no such plan, the following principles must be followed in site selection:
(1) conforms to the overall urban layout planning.
(2) It is reasonably connected with the comprehensive transportation network to facilitate the organization of multimodal transport.
③ Close to larger sources of goods and meet the freight demand of the service area.
④ Make full use of existing facilities and leave room for development.
(5) Have good water supply and drainage, electricity, roads, communications and other conditions.
⑥ Good geological conditions.
Steps of site selection of automobile freight station
(1) Collect relevant planning, traffic statistics, hydrogeology and other relevant data of towns, road networks and land in the station area.
② Determine the service scope and function of automobile freight station.
③ Calculate the production scale and area of the freight station in the design year.
④ According to the principle of site selection, several alternative schemes of freight station site are put forward.
⑤ Conduct field visits to alternative sites.
⑥ After scheme comparison, determine the location of freight station.
Layout of automobile freight station
(1) According to the unified layout of freight station functions and production scale, combined with the actual situation of freight business, focus on key points and implement them by stages. In the layout
Give priority to the production area, with emphasis on ensuring the location of warehouses and yards. The phased implementation of construction projects, in the process of phased construction should consider the common property rights.
Accept the request.
② Combined with the renovation and utilization of existing facilities, reduce land use and save investment.
(3) According to different freight business, set up corresponding facilities in different areas, and have a reasonable production relationship, production facilities and equipment to meet the needs of production technology.
Beg. The storage and operation of dangerous goods should be carried out in a relatively independent special area.
④ The roads in the station are planned in a unified way and used rationally, so that the traffic flow, cargo flow, mechanical flow and people flow in the station are convenient and unobstructed, and do not interfere with each other.
⑤ Abide by the current national and local government laws and regulations on safety, fire protection and environmental protection.
Composition of automobile freight station facilities
① Production facilities: business office facilities; Library (shed) facilities; On-site facilities; Road facilities
② Production auxiliary facilities: maintenance facilities; Power facilities; Water supply and heating facilities; Environmental protection facilities
③ Living facilities: accommodation facilities; Other service facilities
Classification of automobile freight stations
Application for first-class and second-class automobile freight stations, first-class and second-class automobile LTL freight stations, and first-,second-class and third-class container transfer stations shall be reviewed by the road transport management department at or above the county level, signed by the municipal transportation department, reviewed by the Road Transport Administration of the Provincial Communications Department, and submitted to the Provincial Communications Department for examination and approval. Applications for three-level and four-level automobile freight stations, three-level automobile LTL freight stations and four-level container transfer stations shall be reviewed by the county-level road transport management department, signed by the county-level transportation department, reviewed by the municipal road transport management department and reviewed by the municipal transportation department.
Grade I: the annual converted cargo throughput is 600× 103 tons and above.
Grade II: The annual converted cargo throughput is 300× 103 tons-600×103 tons.
Grade III: The annual converted cargo throughput is150×103t-300x103t.
Level 4: the annual converted cargo throughput is less than 150× 103t.
Analysis on the Present Situation of China Automobile Freight Station
Huayang, an expert of Yibo Logistics Consulting, pointed out that the spatial layout of most automobile freight stations in China is unreasonable, and freight stations are generally in a state of single function, simple facilities, weak decentralization and disorder. The disorderly competition in the freight market has brought a serious impact on freight stations, and there has been a phenomenon of "cars without stations and stations without goods". At the same time, as a government management department, it only attaches importance to the commodity nature of freight stations and ignores sociality and public welfare; Entry threshold of freight station, incomplete procedures and irregular management; The service provided is single and the service quality is generally low; The legal system is not perfect and so on.
Suggestions on the construction and management of automobile freight station
1. Reasonably plan the road freight yard and introduce the freight yard construction and management policy as soon as possible.
Standardize the operation behavior of freight stations, improve the market access and exit mechanism, implement business qualification management, strictly implement the annual examination system of enterprises, establish a fair, just and orderly competitive market order, give priority to planned freight station construction projects among provincial and local key construction projects, and give priority to the supply of construction land within the scope permitted by national laws and regulations. For the road freight station construction projects approved by the planning, the infrastructure supporting fees shall be appropriately reduced to reduce the construction burden. At the same time, formulate local standards for station construction with the function of freight hub, and guide the construction of road freight hub with the functions of freight station, warehousing, information exchange, freight transaction and parking.
2. Optimize the layout adjustment and solve the problems left over from history.
In space, it is divided into central area, transition area and development area. Different regions adopt different industrial policies to promote the coordinated and orderly development of road freight industry. Take measures to limit the central area, transform the transition area, promote the healthy development of the freight market in the transition area, and promote the gradual transfer of the road freight industry in the central area to the development area, so as to ensure the rationality and science of the planning with pragmatic and feasible policies.
3. Establish a multi-channel investment and financing system for road freight stations.
At present, the biggest constraint on the construction of road freight stations is the problem of funds. We must adopt various investment channels to effectively raise construction funds and ease the financial pressure on the construction of road freight stations. In line with the principles of equal investment income, equal business opportunities and equal risks, we will broaden the investment channels for the construction of transportation stations and yards. The following investment and financing methods can be considered: national investment, local fund-raising, social fund-raising, utilization of foreign capital and other diversified investment channels. In particular, we should make use of the market mechanism to increase efforts in private fund-raising, project investment, stock conversion and market financing.
4. Reasonably set up freight forwarders in urban wholesale markets.
Set up freight forwarding agencies in urban wholesale market reasonably, and give full play to the freight service function of the market. According to the idea of "reasonable layout, total quantity control, satisfying demand and bringing it into management", we will set up a freight agency in the urban commodity wholesale market to effectively connect the long-distance and short-distance freight inside and outside the urban area and meet the demand for goods distribution in the urban commodity wholesale market. Container freight station operating procedure
Unpacking and delivery business
In the import and transportation of goods, when unpacking and delivering goods, the main business and requirements are generally as follows:
1. Prepare for delivery.
Before the ship arrives in Hong Kong, container freight station should obtain relevant documents from the shipping company or shipping agent, including a copy of bill of lading, cargo manifest, packing list, cargo damage report and special cargo list. After the ship's arrival time, unloading plan and yard plan are determined, the freight station should contact the dock yard to determine the time to pick up the LCL container, make the unpacking delivery plan and make preparations for unpacking delivery.
4. Issue the delivery notice.
The freight station shall, according to the unpacking and delivery plan, issue a notice of delivery date to each consignee in time.
3. Collect the loaded containers from the yard.
After the freight station contacts the dock yard, it can get the cargo container from the yard (dock or inland) and handle the equipment handover form or internal handover procedures.
4. Unpacking, delivery and return.
Generally, the boxes are unpacked in the order recorded in the packing list, and the goods taken out should be put according to the ticket code. After unpacking, empty containers should be returned to the freight yard as soon as possible, and the equipment handover form or internal handover procedures should be handled. The freight station delivers the goods to the consignee on behalf of the carrier. When receiving the goods, the consignee shall issue a bill of lading (delivery record) issued by the shipping company or other transport operators and released by the customs. After the ticket inspection at the freight station is correct, the goods can be delivered. At the time of delivery, you should sign the delivery record with the consignee, and if there is any abnormality, you should indicate it on the delivery record.
5. Charge related fees.
When the freight station delivers the goods, it should check whether the delivered goods have incurred expenses such as storage and re-handling. If so, the goods should be delivered after charging.
6. Make delivery report and non-delivery report.
After delivery, container freight station should make delivery report and non-delivery report according to the delivery of the goods, and send them to shipping companies or other transport operators as the basis for them to deal with the damage and urge the goods.
Sparse transportation and inland freight yard delivery business
After the container goods are unloaded from the ship to the dock yard, if it needs to be transported continuously (mostly through transport goods), the dock yard should organize the transportation to the inland port according to its flow direction. Because the inland port station is far away from the port, container goods are mostly transported by railway, using special trains, express trains or cars. After these container goods are delivered by special railway lines, the main business and requirements of inland port stations are:
1. Accept relevant documents and prepare for unloading.
4. Handle the handover of goods, organize the unloading, and transport the goods to the freight yard for stacking.
3. Delivery in the yard.
The above business contents and requirements are basically the same as those of the dock yard.
4. Organize the goods that need to be transported continuously and do a good job in further transportation.
5. Recycle empty containers.
Container inland port freight station is an important part of container transportation system, and its collection and distribution function is one of the basic conditions to ensure the scale benefit of container transportation, which plays an important role in multimodal transport of container goods.