3. Sulfate ion: 1) Use barium nitrate and dilute nitric acid (barium ion will combine with sulfate ion to form barium sulfate to generate precipitate, but barium carbonate is insoluble in water, so dilute nitric acid should be used. When no gas is generated, the measured substance will contain sulfate ions).
2) Dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride (barium ion will combine with sulfate ion to form barium sulfate to generate precipitation, while barium carbonate is insoluble in water, so dilute hydrochloric acid is used, and silver chloride is insoluble in water, so dilute hydrochloric acid should be added first, so that silver ion will combine with chloride ion to form silver chloride to generate precipitation. At this time, there is no silver ion in the solution, and only barium sulfate will generate precipitation when barium chloride is added.
4. Silver ion: use sodium chloride (silver ion will combine with chloride ion to form silver chloride, resulting in precipitation).
5. Hydrogen ion: 1) Active metal (bubbles will be generated when hydrogen is generated)
2) Acid-base indicator: purple litmus reagent (litmus turns red)
3) metal oxides: such as rusty nails (rust will recede)
6. hydroxyl ion: acid-base indicator: colorless phenolphthalein (phenolphthalein turns red)
7. Iron ion: 1) is light yellow in solution.
2) using sodium hydroxide (iron ions and hydroxide ions combine to form iron hydroxide, and red-brown precipitate is generated)
8. Ferrous ion: light green in solution.
9. Copper ion: 1) is blue in solution.
2) Use sodium hydroxide (copper ions will combine with hydroxide ions to generate copper hydroxide and blue precipitate).
10. Ammonium ion: use alkali and wet red litmus test paper (ammonium ion reacts with alkali to generate basic ammonia, which turns litmus test paper blue).
1 1. barium ion: dilute sulfuric acid is used (barium ion will combine with sulfate ion to form barium sulfate to form precipitate).
—— Note that all the above tests are carried out in solution.
-You can ask me if you don't understand!
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Identification method of ions
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Ion identification
Chloride ion: first add nitric acid acidification solution, then add silver nitrate. If chloride ions exist, white silver chloride precipitate will be generated. Ag++Cl- = AgCl The precipitate is insoluble in nitric acid and other inorganic acids, but soluble in ammonia water and ammonium carbonate solution. Sulfate: Method 1: First add hydrochloric acid for acidification, then add barium chloride. If sulfate exists, white barium sulfate precipitate will be generated. Ba2++SO4 2- = BaSO4 precipitate is insoluble in acid. Note that fluoride ions and fluorosilicate ions will interfere with this. Method 2: Adding lead acetate to sulfate solution will generate white lead sulfate precipitate, which can be dissolved in NaOH solution and ammonium acetate solution. Pb(OAc)2+SO4 2- = PbSO4+2OAc- iron ion: Method 1: Add KSCN solution, if there is iron ion, the solution will appear crimson. Fe3++3SCN- = Fe(SCN)3 Method 2: Add K4[Fe(CN)6] solution, and if there are iron ions, dark blue Prussian blue precipitate will be generated. 4fe3++3 [Fe (CN) 6] 4-= Fe2 [Fe (CN) 6] 3 Lead ion: In neutral or weakly alkaline solution, Pb2+ can react with K2CrO4 to generate yellow PbCrO4 precipitate. Pb2++CrO4 2- = PbCrO4, but Ba2+ and Ag+ interfere with it. If these ions may exist, H2SO4 can be added to make Ba2+, Ag+ and Pb2+ all generate sulfate to precipitate BaSO4, Ag2SO4 and PbSO4, and then excessive ammonium acetate solution can be added. Ammonium acetate can react with PbSO4 _ 4 to produce soluble weak electrolyte Pb (OAC) _ 2, while BaSO4 _ 4 and Ag2SO4 _ 4 do not react. Filtering, and detecting the filtrate according to the above method.
3 Zan 1 16 Browse 2017-10-19
Identification method of five ions in junior middle school chemistry
Carbonate/bicarbonate ion: When HCL is added, gas is generated, and then clear limewater is introduced. If there is precipitation, it is carbonate/bicarbonate ion. Chlorate ion: precipitate is formed when AgNO3 is added, and then HNO3 is added dropwise. If the precipitate still exists, it is chlorate ion. Ammonium ion: dissolve a small amount of water in the test tube, then add NAOH solution, heat it, and put a wet red litmus test paper at the mouth of the test tube. If litmus paper turns blue, it is ammonium ion. Sulfate ion: Add BACL2 to observe whether there is precipitation, but because carbonate ion will also react with BACL2 to generate BACO3 precipitation, in order to eliminate experimental interference, we first add HCL. If there is no phenomenon, there is no carbonate in the stock solution. At this time, BACL2 was added to observe whether there was precipitation. If there is, it is sulfate. The identification method of nitrate ion is not required in junior high school, so I won't say it here. I hope it helps you! Hope to adopt!
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What are the identification methods of ions?
1. Carbonate ion: dilute hydrochloric acid (carbonate ion will generate carbon dioxide and water when it meets dilute hydrochloric acid, and when it generates gas, the measured substance contains carbonate ion) 2. Chloride ion: Silver nitrate and dilute nitric acid are used (silver ion will combine with chloride ion to generate silver chloride and precipitate, but because silver carbonate is insoluble in water, dilute nitric acid should be used. When no gas is generated, 3. Sulfate ion: 1) Use barium nitrate and dilute nitric acid (barium ion will combine with sulfate ion to form barium sulfate, resulting in precipitation, but barium carbonate is insoluble in water, so use dilute nitric acid, and when no gas is generated, the tested substance will contain sulfate ion) 2) Use dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride (barium ion will combine with sulfate ion to form barium sulfate, and. However, because barium carbonate is insoluble in water, dilute hydrochloric acid should be used, and silver chloride is insoluble in water. Therefore, dilute hydrochloric acid should be added first, so that silver ions will combine with chloride ions to generate silver chloride, resulting in precipitation. At this time, there will be no silver ions in the solution, and only barium sulfate will be generated when barium chloride is added. ) 4. Silver ion: sodium chloride (silver ion will combine with chloride ion to form silver chloride and precipitate) 5. Hydrogen ion: 1) active metal (hydrogen is generated, and bubbles are generated) 2) acid-base indicator: purple litmus reagent (litmus turns red) 3) metal oxide: such as rusty nails (rust will recede) 6. Hydroxyl ion: acid-base indicator: colorless phenolphthalein (phenolphthalein turns red) 7. Iron ion: 1) pale yellow in solution 2) red-brown precipitate generated by sodium hydroxide (iron ion and hydroxide ion) 8. Ferrous ion: light green in solution 9. Copper ion: 1) blue in solution 2) sodium hydroxide (copper ion will combine with hydroxide ion to form copper hydroxide to form blue precipitate) 10. Ammonium ion: use alkali and wet litmus test paper (ammonium ion reacts with alkali to generate alkaline ammonia gas, which makes litmus test paper blue) 1 1. Barium ion: use dilute sulfuric acid (barium ion will combine with sulfate ion to form barium sulfate to form precipitate)-note that the above tests are all carried out in solution-you can ask me again if you don't understand!
1 Like 14 Browsing 2019-1-14.
How to identify ions
1 silver nitrate white precipitate 2 blue precipitate or blue solution with hydroxide or sulfate 3 ammonia flavor with hydroxide 4 white precipitate with barium chloride 5 light green or reddish brown precipitate with hydroxide or chlorate or solution becomes these colors 5 co2 is generated by acid.
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Identification method of common ions in junior high school
Carbonate ion is used for H ion (if there is gas, it means that carbonate ion and H ion cannot exist * * *), and hydroxide ion and hydrogen ion cannot exist * * *. Therefore, it is troublesome to use colorless phenolphthalein as the test solution of carbonate and sulfate ions, because both carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide can form insoluble white precipitate with calcium hydroxide, while barium carbonate and barium sulfate are insoluble, but barium carbonate can be dissolved in acid as a breakthrough. First, a solution containing barium ions is added. If acid is added, it is sulfate, and if dissolved, it is carbonate. But barium chloride cannot be added when testing sulfate ions, because silver chloride is white and insoluble in water and acid, just like barium sulfate; Therefore, adding barium nitrate when testing sulfate ion means adding silver ion when testing chloride ion, but silver carbonate is slightly soluble, so adding nitric acid for acidification first, and the solubility of sulfite is exactly the same as that of carbonate. The only difference is the smell ... (true), and sulfur dioxide can be tested in magenta solution, and adding nitric acid must not be concentrated. Strong oxidation and volatile gases after the reaction will make the problem more troublesome.
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