international paralympic committee
The Paralympic Games first appeared in Rome in 1960. Participants are only physically disabled, especially those with spinal disabilities. When the Fifth Paralympic Games was held in Toronto, Canada from 65438 to 0976, the blind and amputees also joined in. People feel it is necessary to establish an international sports organization for the disabled. After discussion, the International Sports Coordinating Committee for the Disabled (ICC) was established in March 1982+0 1. At first, the organization was composed of CP-ISRA, IBSA, ISMGF, ISWMSF and ISOD. 1986 added the International Sports Committee for the Deaf (CISS) and the International Sports Association for the Mentally Handicapped (INAS-FMH). This is a loose agreement organization, and the heads of six participating organizations take turns to serve as chairmen, with a rotation period of six months. The International Sports Coordination Committee for the Disabled has received strong support from the International Sports Foundation for the Disabled (IFSD), which is headquartered in the Netherlands. In view of the need for stronger international organizations for disabled sports, with the active support of the International Disabled Sports Foundation, 1989 International Coordinating Committee for Disabled Sports The above six organizations established the International Paralympic Committee. There are 16 1 member associations.
The task of IPC is to form an international organization representing disabled athletes, grant the right to host the Paralympic Games, supervise and assist the Games, assist and supervise the world and regional competitions in which the events recognized by IPC are officially listed, coordinate the international and regional competition schedules of disabled athletes, respect the sports technical needs of various disabled groups, and integrate disabled sports into international sports while maintaining their characteristics; Communicate with the IOC and other international sports organizations, support and encourage all kinds of education and rehabilitation programs and promotion activities that help to achieve their goals, oppose any discrimination against disabled people in sports because of political, religious, economic, ability, gender or social reasons, and expand opportunities for disabled people to participate in sports and improve their performance.
The highest authority of the organization is the Congress, which is held at least once every two years. A member association can send six representatives to attend the meeting, and the number of votes depends on the number of disabled groups in the association, with a maximum of six votes. Each of the six founding organizations has six votes. The Executive Committee consists of officials (chairman, two vice-chairmen, secretary-general, treasurer, medical officer, technical officer and three members), six regional representatives, 65,438+0 representatives of athletes and 65,438+0 representatives of six founding organizations.
The organization has sports technology department, sports science and medicine department, finance and market Committee, athletes Committee, development Committee, law Committee and regional Committee. The current chairman is Canadian Stewart. International electronic industry connection association
IPC interpretation
IPC was originally the abbreviation of "Printed Circuit Institute", that is, the American Printed Circuit Board Association, and later renamed as "Interconnection and Packaging Electronic Circuits Institute". 1999 was renamed as "Connected Electronics Industry Association" again, that is, "International Electronics Industry Connection Association". Due to the high popularity of IPC, the logo and abbreviation of IPC have not changed since the name change. IPC has more than 2,600 association members, including world-renowned large companies engaged in PCB design, manufacturing, assembly, OEM (original equipment manufacturer) processing and EMS (electronic manufacturing service) outsourcing. Like IEC, ISO, IEEE and JEDC, IPC is one of the most influential organizations in the electronic manufacturing industry in the United States and even the world.
About IPC
IPC has offices in Taos, New Mexico, Arlington, Virginia, Garton Grove, California, Stockholm, Sweden and Shanghai, China.
In 2004, IPC established a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WOFE)-IPC-AIBES Technology Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. in China. The establishment of this branch is to better serve domestic and foreign electronic assembly and printed board enterprises.
According to the definition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise refers to an enterprise wholly invested by foreign enterprises in China. In this case, IPC WOFE, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of American IPC, will retain all control and operation rights of China branch.
This IPC branch will provide many services for the electronic manufacturing industry to strengthen the skills of employees, thus improving the operation quality of employees; Increase their business through many different tools to get more profits.
IPC- Aibixi International Technology Management Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. provides more professional development opportunities for individuals. Its overall solution includes many network activities, allowing customers to communicate and learn from many peers and experts in other industries.
IPC standards and specifications
For a long time, IPC has been committed to the formulation of standards and specifications, and IPC has formulated thousands of standards and specifications. As an organization initiated by member companies, IPC mainly provides industry standards, certification training, market research and policy publicity, and meets the industry demand of global output value of $654.38 +0.5 trillion by supporting various projects. It has a great influence on the world electronic circuit industry.
1958, IPC published a specification booklet entitled How to Design Printed Circuits and Make Specifications.
1960, IPC-d-300, the first numbered official standard of IPC, was published.
To 1984 was revised to version g.
In 1964, IPC-A-600 "Acceptance Conditions for Printed Circuit Boards" was published. Later, it was revised several times, and it was version F in 1999.
1966 issued IPC-ML-950 multilayer printed board performance specification and IPC-TC-500 electroplating hole specification.
1977 has formulated IPC-D-320 "Specification for Single-sided and Double-sided Printed Boards".
1986, after major revision, IPC-ML-950C and IPC-SD-320D were released simultaneously. The names of these specifications are respectively the performance specifications of rigid multilayer printed boards and the performance specifications of rigid single-sided and double-sided printed boards.
1987 published IPC-D-3 19 rigid single-sided and double-sided PCB design standard and IPC-D-949 rigid multilayer PCB design standard. 199 1 year, these two standards are all merged into a new IPC-D-275 design standard for rigid printed boards and rigid printed board components.
In 1992, IPC-NL-950C and IPC-SD-320B were merged into a new IPC-RB-276 "Appraisal and Performance Specification for Rigid Printed Boards".
1996 and IPC-D-275 were adapted into IPC-60 1 1 general performance specification for printed boards and IPC-60 12A rigid printed boards evaluation and performance specification.
1998, IPC-D-275 was adapted into IPC-2221general PCB design standard and IPC-2222 rigid organic PCB design standard.
1999, IPC-60 12 was changed to IPC-60 12A.
In 2006, IPC/WHMA-A-620 was revised to IPC/WHMA-A-620A (Requirements and Acceptance of Cables and Harness Components).
See "List of IPC Standards" for the change process of IPC standards and specifications for rigid printed boards and their assembly.
The numbering method of IPC standard is IPC plus subject letters plus two or three digits, such as IPC-D-275, where D stands for design and the number is 275; IPC-nl-950, where nl stands for multi-layer and the number is 950.
Since 1995, IPC standard has adopted a new numbering method. After the code IPC, the letters of the subject words are cancelled and directly numbered with four digits, while the digits are arranged according to the standard series. IPC has formed several new standard series, including:
IPC-2220 Design Series IPC-4 100 Material Series IPC-60 10 PCB Performance Series
IPC-222 1 general standard IPC-41kloc-0/rigid substrate IPC-60 1 1 general specification for printed boards.
IPC-2222 Rigid printed boards IPC-4 104 HDJ and IPC-60 12 Rigid printed boards for micro vias.
IPC-2223 flexible printed board IPC-4 1 10 fiber paper IPC-60 13 flexible printed board
IPC-2224 PC card IPC-4 130 E glass fiber nonwoven IPC-60 15 MCM-l
Ipc-6016 HDI PCB IPC-6018 microwave PCB graphic parts list
Illustrated parts catalog, illustrated parts catalog.
It is used to find the part number (PN) of the parts on the plane. You can use part numbers to check related drawings, or you can check related part numbers through drawings.