In recent years, prefabrication technology has made great progress and been widely used in building engineering. Understanding and mastering the relevant construction technology is conducive to improving the quality of the project. In view of this, this paper discusses the construction technical measures of assembled buildings with an example of a building project. I hope the research in this paper can provide reference for similar projects.
With the rapid development of social economy, the construction industry is playing a more and more important role, which has also aroused widespread concern in society. The construction project itself is special, with long construction period, complex construction environment and high technical requirements. With the gradual improvement of the construction industry, prefabricated buildings came into being. Prefabricated buildings are mainly produced in factories, and then all parts are transported to the construction site and installed by special personnel. This construction mode is conducive to saving resources and energy, not only shortening the construction period, but also improving the construction efficiency. This is conducive to the development of the construction industry to a certain extent, and the prefabricated building is conducive to social stability and architectural technology innovation to a certain extent.
1 prefabricated building concept
Prefabricated prefabricated building is a new type of prefabricated building. In this construction project, all materials used need to be assembled, directly produced by the factory, and then transported to the construction site by designated means of transportation for assembly. Its design contains a certain industrial nature, so it is often used in industrial buildings. At present, the most common prefabricated buildings are mainly divided into five categories: the first category is block building, the second category is flat building, the third category is modular building, and there are two other architectural forms. Among them, block building is the most common technology, with low cost and low degree of industrialization; Large-scale buildings can resist certain natural disasters, such as earthquakes, and have strong flexibility, which can be used for floor buildings and roof buildings; The most industrialized building is modular building, with rich facade forms. In modular buildings, there are three main modular structures, including integral modules and core modules.
2 the design of prefabricated buildings
The design of prefabricated buildings needs to follow specific practical operations, and the design process generally includes design planning, design scheme formulation, construction drawing, part design and so on. In addition, the engineering design should combine the specific engineering conditions and management production level, optimize and improve the assembly-type design process and technology, so as to meet the construction requirements of assembly-type buildings at this stage and conform to the development concept of green, energy-saving and environmental protection at this stage.
2. 1 Assembled architectural design project
Take an engineering project in a certain area as an example. There are five public rental houses in a certain district, all of which meet the requirements of national standards. A building with a building area of about 1.7 million m2 and a height of * * * 1.8 floors is in the form of shear wall structure. The project decided to adopt the form of assembled building, and the floor was a laminated structure, which realized the hoisting. Next, take this project as an example to analyze the related contents of architectural design.
2.2 Difficulties in the design of prefabricated buildings
2.2. 1 planning and design scheme
The lighting and ventilation conditions should be considered in the design, and the architectural design of combined modules should be adopted according to the actual situation. Because prefabricated components need to be hoisted during construction, it is necessary to consider the construction technology, reasonably set up transportation channels, arrange the stacking position of prefabricated components and the position of other transportation equipment, and rationally plan the position of tower crane, which can increase the use probability of parts and reduce the quality problems of prefabricated buildings.
2.2.2 Improvement of graphic design
In the process of graphic design of prefabricated buildings, designers need to follow the corresponding principles to ensure that each structural module of prefabricated buildings has a reasonable size. Designers should follow the principle of module coordination, ensure that the module size is reasonable and the prefabricated components have certain standards, and finally determine a perfect design scheme. In this process, we should reduce the waste of cost, avoid the overuse of labor force and ensure the construction quality. In addition, in the rational planning of construction projects, designers need to consider comprehensively to ensure the rationality of all parts of construction projects and the flexibility of tube well design.
In the process of architectural design, according to the parameters of prefabricated components and facilities, the embedded requirements of components, especially the waterproof and fireproof performance of each connection point of prefabricated components, are reasonably considered in the construction drawing, and the design work is done well. Taking an example project as an example, firstly, by studying the module series conforming to the characteristics of assembled structure, the plane layout and space modules of large space are divided according to different use functions, and the supporting model of the project is established according to the actual position of the project to form building unit modules, and then the unit modules are combined with each other to form the plane layout of large space. The easily detachable inner partition divides the functional space in the sleeve. It can realize the flexibility and variability of living space.
2.2.3 Do a good job in facade design.
For the facade design of prefabricated buildings, it needs comprehensive, flexible and changeable personnel. For the external wall design of a building, it is necessary to match the building according to the different properties of the components to improve the rationality of the design. In addition, according to the materials of different parts, the characteristics of architectural design should be considered to realize the beauty of the building, so prefabricated buildings need to be considered. Finally, according to the external wall structure of the assembled building, the characteristics and advantages of the building are reflected. Finally, we should give full play to the advantages of prefabricated buildings and make the decorative effects of external walls more diverse. Taking an example project as an example, the prefabricated external wall of a building project uses special paint, decorative materials, textured concrete and so on. , and then according to the requirements of the project, adjust the size and proportion of doors and windows, so that doors and windows form an facade effect, while meeting the various styles of construction projects.
Design prefabricated components
When designing prefabricated components, we should follow certain design principles and reduce the types and costs of components according to the principle of standardization. If there are holes and falling plates, the cast-in-place method can be used. Taking the engineering project as an example, Gai Lou adopts the form of laminated floor, and pipes and suspended ceilings are embedded. For the interior wall, partition board with convenient disassembly and assembly and certain sound insulation effect should be selected for installation; In the kitchen, bathroom and other places prone to leakage, anti-leakage measures should be taken and cleaning should be done well. For the design of air-conditioned rooms and balconies, it is necessary to design the opening and closing holes, railing holes and pipe flow holes on the balcony in advance. For the design of building stairs, it is necessary to consider whether the stair structure is anti-slip, relevant personnel should take anti-slip measures for the stairs, and consider the reserved holes of stair railings.
2.2.5 Design of Building Joints
For the nodes of the building, we should pay attention to rationality. Because building nodes are often the key points to determine the quality of construction projects. For prefabricated building structures, we need to pay attention to their quality. Especially in some places prone to leakage, or parts with poor waterproof performance, such as wall joints, door and window joints, etc., personnel need to consider the actual situation and physical properties to ensure that materials are used in place and construction nodes are set reasonably. At the joint of each node, it is necessary to ensure the rationality of the connection, and analyze it according to the actual weather conditions in the project area to ensure the rationality of the construction node design. While improving the quality of construction joints, it is necessary to ensure the waterproofing of construction projects. In the process of designing wall vertical joints, it is necessary to ensure the use of building materials with good impermeability. This project mainly uses the reserved materials of steel bars and concrete materials for joint, so as to achieve the effect of strengthening the impermeability of the wall. When installing door and window components, doors and windows need to be connected with the external wall. In the design of shear wall structure, it is necessary to select suitable thermal insulation materials to improve the thermal insulation effect of external walls and enhance the sealing performance of doors and windows.
2.2.6 Design and prefabricate the internal structure.
When designing the assembled internal structure, we should follow the principles of building and decoration to ensure the integration of design and the matching of material supply. Other design and decoration materials should follow the principle of flexibility, which will be beneficial to construction, installation, maintenance and transformation. When decorating the internal structure, it is necessary to ensure the close connection between components and equipment, and design separately from the main structural system of the building. Some parts can be embedded, some parts can not be removed or construction nodes can not be removed, which will affect the beauty of the main building.
2.2.7 Collaborative design of buildings and other accessories
The collaborative design of buildings and other engineering accessories needs to consider whether it meets the requirements of other professional designs and industrial buildings. Taking an engineering project as an example, it is necessary to ensure the continuity of upper and lower structures and the alignment of doors and windows. Ensure structural safety. Design the same floor drainage, integral toilet and integral kitchen, and the installation of solar hot water system collector and water storage tank should be integrated with architectural design. At the same time, the location of kitchen and bathroom exhaust pipes and household distribution boxes, as well as the location and size of related pipelines and lines should be considered.
Application of 3bim technology in assembly building design
Applying BIM technology to prefabricated buildings can improve the architectural design and construction process. By adopting BIM technology, the installation and removal of components can be further completed, and the overall construction process can be standardized. Using BIM technology, the precise location of the structure can be realized, thus establishing the database. Prefabricated building is an important link to realize standardization. In the establishment of the database, not only the optimal assembly of components can be optimized, but also the recycling of components can be realized in the whole building database, which can greatly improve the efficiency of building construction. In addition, BIM technology can realize the visualization of pipeline collision and deformation stress, ensure the associated state of pipeline under certain circumstances, effectively analyze the calculation amount in each design link, and finally realize the effective unification of economy and environmental protection.
4 conclusion
Green, low-carbon, energy-saving, environmental protection, health and ecology, and assembled architectural design are the development trends of building industrialization. For architects, it is necessary to improve their design ability and accumulate industrial design experience, so as to promote the healthy and rapid development of China's construction industry in the process of building industrialization.
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