Safety, improving welfare and realizing mutual concessions with the environment not only emphasize the optimal allocation of industrial resources and attach importance to food safety, but also include the idea of sustainable development. The following analysis of food green supply chain management compiled by me is welcome to read and browse.
1 Connotation of food green supply chain management
The concept of green supply chain management is constantly developing and improving. At present, there is no unified definition of green supply chain management in theoretical circles, but the general view is to increase environmental awareness on the basis of supply chain management and run through the whole supply chain with "no waste and no pollution", "no bad components" and "no side effects". Fully considering environmental problems, emphasizing data sharing among suppliers, closed-loop operation, embodying the idea of concurrent engineering and making full use of modern network technology is a modern enterprise management mode to meet the needs of sustainable development strategy of human society.
For food supply chain, experts and scholars have done some research, but the research on food green supply chain is still less. Food green supply chain is a modern food supply model that comprehensively embodies food safety, high quality, energy saving and environmental protection in the whole supply chain. Covering the production, processing, storage, transportation and sales of food raw materials can realize the quality and safety control of food from the field to the table, ensure the safe and high-quality supply of food, and promote the international competitiveness and sustainable development of China's food industry.
2 food green supply chain development constraints
2. 1 Traffic infrastructure construction lags behind
Although the construction speed and business mileage of highways, railways, inland navigation and ocean routes in China have increased year by year, they have made remarkable achievements. However, due to the long-term delay in the construction of transportation infrastructure, a national highway transportation network with reasonable layout, perfect functions and convenience has not yet been formed, and there is no way to talk about perennial transportation channels dedicated to grain transportation such as roads, railways, aviation and water transportation. Especially in some areas of the mainland, the transportation infrastructure is outdated and backward, the construction planning is not in place, and the capital investment is not implemented. There are still many places where the traffic layout has been unreasonable for a long time, and the construction speed is far behind the development. As a result, the food green supply chain is blocked from time to time, and even broken frequently.
2.2 The operating rate of special vehicles for food refrigerated transportation is extremely low.
Judging from the current loading and unloading situation of perishable and fresh-keeping foods in China, most of them are operated in the open air, which fails to meet the requirements of international food quality and safety standards such as ISO900 1:2000: 2000 quality standards or ISO22000:2005 safe food supply chain standards, and cannot meet the food safety hazards control requirements of HACCP. In addition, in the total amount of road food transportation in China, the refrigerated transportation rate of perishable and fresh-keeping foods is only about 20%, and the remaining 80% of fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat and aquatic products are mostly transported by ordinary box trucks, or even directly transported by ordinary trucks. Due to the low proportion of grain transported by road in China, the problems of large grain loss and low efficiency have not been well solved. The whole logistics cost accounts for more than 70% of the retail price of food, which is far higher than the international standard that the highest logistics cost of food cannot exceed 50% of the total cost of food, greatly weakening the competitiveness of China food in the international market.
2.3 Port refrigeration equipment and facilities are seriously inadequate.
As a special commodity, food requires high preservation, freshness and safety. Therefore, the food green supply chain is, in a sense, a frozen and refrigerated chain, a fresh-keeping chain and a food safety chain. However, due to the serious shortage and backward development of port refrigeration equipment and storage infrastructure in China, it is impossible to form a real frozen and refrigerated food supply chain. In reality, the so-called food green supply chain is only a simple extension of the general commodity supply chain, which can not meet the growing demand for food safety and the internationalization of food trade. An international food refrigerated logistics supply chain developer once admitted with emotion that because it is difficult to find suitable cold storage and other special food storage equipment in China port, his company had to transport 85% of frozen food to Hong Kong or some Southeast Asian ports in the past 20 years, and then transport it to Chinese mainland in batches. Only/kloc-0.5% of frozen food was directly transported to ports such as Shanghai and Dalian with relatively good port refrigeration equipment and storage infrastructure conditions. At present, there are still many problems and deficiencies in China's food refrigeration supply chain, which need to be improved quickly and continuously.
2.4 The modern information technology platform of food green supply chain has not yet formed.
Although China's food industry has made great achievements in manufacturing process mechanization, warehouse management automation, product brand promotion, logistics distribution and food safety control in recent years, the application of modern logistics information technology and facilities in food supply chain logistics is still insufficient, and the level of informatization is low, especially the logistics information technology and equipment and facilities that can reflect the level of logistics modernization. Such as RFID, GPS, GIS, EDI, CRM, VMI, QR, ECR, CPFR, SCOR and other technologies, as well as agricultural products and food preservation technology, low-temperature refrigeration technology, cold chain design technology, intelligent warehousing and distribution technology and equipment are not widely used in food supply chain, which seriously affects the overall operation level and efficiency of China's food green supply chain and delays the degree and speed of China's food green supply chain's integration with the international community. Due to the low degree of information in the food green supply chain, the information in the food green supply chain is blocked, not transparent and smooth enough, and all links in the supply chain are often decoupled, thus causing unnecessary delays in food transportation and greatly increasing food safety risks. The efficient operation of food green supply chain can not be separated from the sincere cooperation of all members of the supply chain. Therefore, the core competition in the field of food circulation has developed into the supply chain competition of automation technology, scientific logistics distribution and humanized service, that is, an information war to improve the turnover rate, speed up market reaction, reduce safety risks and strictly control costs by means of modernization and informationization. At present, the introduction and development of scientific and practical information management software for food green supply chain in China is still very weak, which can not provide powerful information guarantee for decision makers to monitor the safety hidden dangers and key control points of food green supply chain and solve specific problems in supply chain operation in time.
3 measures to implement food green supply chain management
3. 1 Strengthen the environmental governance of suppliers
The process of green food supply puts forward higher requirements for suppliers. It is necessary to adjust the evaluation target according to the manufacturer's own resources and strategic objectives, and fully reflect the strategic intention of the manufacturer. It is also necessary to emphasize the recognition of suppliers and manufacturers on environmental maintenance in corporate culture and operation concept, which is the basis for completing the strategic partnership among supply chain members. Farmers and food production enterprises should establish the concept of green logistics, constantly collect, sort out and store all kinds of green information in the process of logistics, and apply it to logistics in time to promote the further greening of logistics. Integrating existing resources and constructing green food supply chain. The food supply chain includes the processes from seedling raising to field management, processing of agricultural and livestock products, fresh-keeping circulation, marketing and waste recycling. Train farmers in the consumption technology of green agricultural products, transmit green technology and information to them, apply the advanced scientific research achievements of green logistics to agricultural production in time, and improve the scientific and technological content of agriculture.
3.2 Establish and improve the profit distribution mechanism and supervision and management mechanism of each node enterprise in the supply chain.
The implementation of green supply chain management may increase the cost of enterprises in the short term due to the adoption of new processes, new materials and new technologies and the increase of investment in scientific and technological innovation. Therefore, in order to ensure that the interests of green enterprises are not harmed and encourage the green development of other enterprises in the chain, it is necessary to establish a reasonable profit distribution mechanism to ensure the rationality of profit distribution, so as to improve the green environmental protection degree of the whole supply chain. In addition, any problem in the supply chain will affect the whole supply chain and lead to the break of the green supply chain. Therefore, in order to ensure the overall performance and greening of the supply chain, a scientific and reasonable green performance evaluation system (economic performance index, environmental performance index and social performance index) should be established, and members of the supply chain should help, supervise and supervise each other, and resolutely eliminate enterprises that do not meet the requirements of greening and the overall interests of the supply chain. All of the above require core enterprises to play their due and important roles.
3.3 Strengthen information sharing among supply chain members.
Members who enjoy information should include not only members in the green supply chain, but also consumers. Due to the limited knowledge and time, consumers cannot effectively identify and identify the food they consume. Therefore, consumers should become important members of information sharing in green supply chain. Moreover, the content of information should include not only inventory information, but also other knowledge and information, including information about green technology and green product functions. It should also be pointed out that the means of information sharing should include not only formal communication, but also informal communication.
3.4 comprehensively strengthen government supervision and legal construction.
Carry out comprehensive management in depth according to law, adhere to strict words, strengthen the management of key varieties, key places and weak links, maintain a high-pressure situation of cracking down on food safety crimes, investigate the criminal responsibility of criminals according to law, increase economic punishment, and resolutely eradicate the cancer that affects food safety. All food safety supervision departments should have a clear division of labor, cooperate closely, establish and improve a long-term mechanism, and improve the food safety laws and regulations system, standard system and technical support system. Increase investment, improve policies, and pay close attention to basic work and normative construction. Implement the main responsibility of enterprises, accelerate the establishment of incentive and restraint mechanisms, strengthen the construction of credit system, strengthen social supervision, and promote enterprises to improve food safety management. Further improve the comprehensive coordination mechanism of food safety supervision, promote the effective connection of regulatory measures of various government departments and links, and plug regulatory loopholes.
4 conclusion
The development trend of food industry modernization requires food enterprises to speed up the implementation of green supply chain management to protect the environment and promote the sustainable development of food industry. Food enterprises can design and produce green products according to the position of core enterprises in the supply chain and market demand, and make full use of green environmental protection ideas from two aspects of products and corporate environmental behavior to ensure the realization of food green supply chain management objectives. When implementing green supply chain management, food enterprises should choose appropriate green brand strategy according to the actual situation of enterprises; Take environmental performance as an important criterion to evaluate suppliers and cultivate green suppliers; Do a good job in the ecological design of supply chain and improve the utilization rate of resources; Develop strategic alliance organizations to enhance the innovative application and risk control capabilities of green technology in supply chain enterprises. This paper makes a preliminary analysis of the management of food green supply chain. The construction and implementation of food green supply chain is a complex system engineering, and many problems need further study.
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