Japan has done a lot of research work in the construction of prefabricated building structure system. In recent years, a lot of prefabricated structural system construction projects have been built, among which reinforced concrete structures and steel structures have been done a lot, and the PC component products matched with them have been successfully applied to the project through systematic research. Building industrialization is the trend of the world, and it is also the urgent requirement of China's reform and development. In China, building materials industry and construction industry have been listed as the basic industries and pillar industries of the national economy. The development of prefabricated buildings will promote the great changes in the mode of production in the construction field. Under such a big situation, as a developing country, China's construction industry is in a series of good opportunities to accelerate its development. Reducing energy consumption, earthquake resistance and disaster reduction, protecting ecology and environment, and improving people's quality of work and life are the hottest topics at present, using new materials and applying new technologies; Improve project quality and work efficiency; Reducing pollution and waste, reducing on-site operation and realizing civilized construction are important signs of current technological progress; Strengthening key technology innovation and system integration to realize the industrialization, diversification and industrialization of housing construction will be the development trend of the construction industry in the new century. The main contents of the assembled building structure system and its supporting system include: the production of special-shaped components such as external wall composite board, internal partition board, floor slab, roof panel, beam and column.
The component production of "assembled building structure system" is a new industry that takes the road of building industrialization and revolves around the revolution in the building field. Its project was initially positioned as "production house". The basic idea is to take scientific research and design as the leader, technology as the support, market as the guidance, and meet the consumption needs of different users as the goal, to produce "components" of different types of houses and related building products, and to assemble houses on the construction site, thus completely changing the traditional and backward housing values and practices at present. The development of prefabricated building structure system is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. adjust the industrial structure and improve the overall scientific and technological content of the building;
2. Take the road of building industrialization, change the traditional backward technology, realize the revolution in the field of building construction, and create a new development space for the building industry;
3. Improve labor productivity and solve the problem of balanced construction in four seasons in alpine regions;
4. The outstanding advantages of assembled building structure system such as energy saving, environmental protection, earthquake resistance and economy will bring great benefits to society and users;
5. The prefabricated building structure system is considered according to the national industrial policy and market consumption demand, which is advanced, competitive and sustainable;
6. Product positioning is mainly reflected in the following aspects; Diversified architectural forms-high-rise, multi-storey and single-storey; Diversification of structural systems-frame and frame-shear wall structure, steel structure and fully prefabricated structure; Material and product development to system support production, commercial supply and construction site assembly; The development of wall materials-single material to composite wall, masonry to assembly, heavy to light, block to plate. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the social demand for architecture has gone through the development stage of "emphasizing quantity → paying equal attention to quantity and quality → quality first → individualization, diversification and high environmental quality". From the structural system of buildings, foreign countries have also developed the factory production system of wood structure, steel structure and reinforced concrete structure, and continuously improved the performance index of building products. People constantly promote the progress of construction technology and the development of construction industry, and strive to make rational use of resources, protect the ecological environment and improve people's quality of life. Assembled architecture meets the demand of modern society for housing construction, and it is also the general trend of the development of architectural housing system in 2 1 century. The traditional housing design and construction technology has fallen behind and can't meet the needs of modern society.
Advantages of prefabricated buildings
1. Architectural Technology Innovation Assembled architecture is the mainstream of world architectural technology development in the 2nd/kloc-0 century. At present, the development direction of prefabricated buildings is mainly the fully assembled multi-storey or high-rise building structure system with steel structure or reinforced concrete as the frame system, while the materials such as external walls, roofs, internal walls and floors matching steel structure or reinforced concrete beams and columns are prefabricated and industrialized, which can be constructed, installed and assembled on site. At present, in China's economic construction, building materials and construction industry have become the pillar industries of the national economy. However, the production and construction of building materials industry and construction industry are still in the stage of extensive production, with low degree of intensification, backward production and construction technology and low labor productivity. Compared with foreign countries, the labor efficiency of Chinese architecture is only about 1/5 of that of developed countries. Therefore, the state attaches great importance to and puts forward the goals and measures to speed up the modernization of building materials industry and construction industry and improve the quality and efficiency of construction. The fundamental way to realize the modernization of building materials industry and construction industry lies in technological innovation, especially in developing new building systems and popularizing the components of building materials. Assembled building system is a successful achievement of building science and technology developed abroad for many years. At present, this kind of building system has developed rapidly abroad, such as Germany, Britain, the United States, Japan, etc., and precast concrete members are widely used in prefabricated building systems. As a complete set of construction technology, it is precisely because it meets the requirements of building industrialization that it has attracted the attention and attention of the construction industry with its unique advantages.
2. Industrialized prefabricated buildings can realize building wall components from production to building use. The products produced can be processed into wall parts in the factory according to the needs of building walls, and made into integral wallboard, beam, column and floor in the factory, and electrical appliances, plumbing parts, windows and other embeddable components. Wall decoration materials can also be made in the factory as needed. The factory production of assembled building components makes products more precise, standardized and integrated, and technical standards are easy to unify. Due to the standardized production of prefabricated building components, they can be assembled after being transported to the construction site, and each process can be installed on site like equipment installation, thus realizing the industrial production of buildings.
3. Assembled building is a new building system and green building material. In the economic construction, China adheres to the principle of sustainable development, people-oriented, develops healthy housing, and puts resource conservation and environmental protection in a prominent position, which greatly promotes the development of green building materials. Some countries have formulated the performance standards of green building materials, promoted the certification of green building materials and controlled indoor air quality. It is generally believed that green building materials should not only meet product quality standards, but also be safe, non-toxic and harmless to human body; In the process of production and use, the load on the environment is small (consuming natural resources and energy, etc. ), and does not pollute the environment; After the house is demolished, most materials can be recycled. Therefore, prefabricated building components meet the requirements of wall reform and building energy saving. The whole system is mainly composed of light materials such as cement, sand and ceramsite. These parts have high strength and light weight. Filling different materials can meet the requirements of thermal insulation and building sound insulation. The completed slab building is waterproof and moisture-proof, and comfortable to live in. This building system material consumes less energy and releases less CO2, so it is a real green building material.
4. The construction is convenient, which can solve the problem of difficult construction in winter. The prefabricated building can make the required wall components according to the site requirements and assemble them on site, which reduces the workload and wet work on site. Convenient construction, short construction period, saving manpower and material resources and reducing construction cost. It has excellent properties such as nailing and sticking. According to estimates, prefabricated building components can improve work efficiency by 2-4 times. Because prefabricated building components are produced in the factory workshop, they can also be produced in winter and transported to the construction site for assembly, which solves the rare winter construction problem in northern China.
5. The lightweight assembled building is 1/2- 1/3 of the weight of the same volume of concrete members, thus reducing the foundation load of the building and saving the basic investment and total investment of the building; Reduce the labor intensity of construction personnel, improve the construction speed and save manpower and material resources. At the same time, due to the light weight of assembled building components, the transportation volume can be reduced (compared with clay solid bricks) and the transportation cost can be saved.
6. Assembled buildings with high strength, good safety, high seismic performance and good fire resistance have the characteristics of high strength, durability, weather resistance, waterproof, earthquake resistance, fire resistance, sound insulation and good air tightness. Because a large number of lightweight materials are used, the self-weight of the building is reduced, and at the same time, most components have been integrated, which increases the assembled flexible connection and improves the seismic capacity of the building. The fire resistance limit of assembled building reaches the national A-level standard, which is non-combustible and meets the requirements of building fire resistance limit. The sound insulation capacity of prefabricated building components is greater than 50dB(A), which meets the requirements of building sound insulation. Can provide a good working environment and production environment for indoor and outdoor.
7. The heat preservation and energy-saving assembled building has excellent heat preservation performance, and the products that meet the performance requirements can be arranged according to the energy-saving requirements. It not only meets the requirements of building envelope thermal insulation, but also greatly reduces the energy consumption of indoor air conditioning and heating. It is the low thermal conductivity of prefabricated building components that makes them meet the requirements of building wall insulation. Its main advantages are as follows: a. Thermal bridge can be avoided, and the heat loss can be reduced by about 1/5 under the condition of the same thickness of thermal insulation material, thus saving heat energy. B due to the large heat capacity of the internal solid wall, more heat can be stored indoors, which can slow down the indoor temperature change, make the indoor temperature more stable and make life more comfortable. In summer, the comprehensive influence of solar radiation heat and outdoor high temperature can be reduced, and the internal surface temperature of external wall and indoor air temperature can be reduced, which is beneficial to make the building warm in winter and cool in summer. C. high comprehensive economic benefits. Compared with other lightweight materials, prefabricated buildings have great advantages and are a brand-new building energy-saving system. At the same time, the production of prefabricated buildings is fully automated, green construction design and mechanized large-scale production. This product has high technical content and advanced technology, which is unique in the wall material industry and has great economic and social benefits. To sum up, the main development directions of wall reform and building energy saving in China are light weight, heat preservation, waste utilization, energy saving, land saving, reducing environmental pollution, industrialization of product production and application, development of ecological building materials and satisfaction of building performance. The light-weight and heat-insulating prefabricated buildings fully meet the above requirements, and the assembled industrial building structure system will be the only way for the development of the construction industry.
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