Also known as "questioning", "confrontation", "confrontation" and "facing reality", it means that psychological counselors point out the contradictions existing in the help seekers, promote the exploration of the help seekers, and finally achieve unity. The common contradictions of help seekers are:
1, the ideal does not match the reality;
2. Words and deeds are different;
3. Inconsistent words;
4. Inconsistent opinions between the helper and the counselor: Sometimes in consultation, the counselor's evaluation of the helper is inconsistent with the self-evaluation of the helper, or what the counselor sees is contradictory to the statement of the helper.
note:
1, based on facts: technology can only be used if there are contradictory facts.
2. Avoid personal venting: We should focus on the interests of help seekers, and we should not turn noodles into tools or reasons for consultants to vent their emotions or even attack each other.
3. Avoid ruthless attacks: Some consultants regard noodles as an opportunity to show their wisdom and ability, so they use noodles blindly and mercilessly without considering the feelings of the helpers, which makes the helpers unable to cope and fall into an embarrassing and painful state.
4. It should be based on a good consulting relationship;
5. Available trial quality: Generally speaking, try to avoid quality before establishing a good consulting relationship. If you must use it, use the trial quality.
Second, the interpretation technology:
It refers to the use of psychological theory to describe the reasons and essence of the thoughts, emotions and behaviors of the seekers, or to explain some abstract and complicated psychological phenomena and processes.
Interpretation is one of the most complicated interview skills. The difference between content response technology and content response technology lies in that content response explains the substantive content expressed by the helper from the reference system, while explanation provides a new thinking, theory and method for the helper to understand his own problems and his relationship with the surrounding environment by using psychological theory and life experience on the reference of the consultant. Interpretation technology belongs to content expression, focusing on theoretical analysis of a problem, and content expression refers to information, suggestions, feedback and so on provided by consultants.
Third, the guidance technology:
Refers to the consultant directly instructing the helper to do something, say something or act in a certain way. Guidance technology is a kind of consulting technology that has the most obvious influence on help seekers.
Fourth, emotional expression technology:
Psychological counselors tell their emotions, feelings, feelings, etc. to help seekers, thus affecting them. The purpose of emotional expression by counselors is to serve visitors, so the content and way of expression should be helpful for consultation. What psychological counselors should pay attention to is that in addition to the negative emotional expression when expressing feelings, they generally only make positive emotional expressions to help seekers.
Emotional expression and emotional response are completely different. Emotional expression is the psychological counselor's expression of his emotions and feelings to the help-seekers, and emotional response is the psychological counselor's feedback after sorting out the emotional content of the help-seekers.
Five, content expression technology:
It refers to the information, suggestions, opinions, guarantees, explanations and feedback provided by consultants, so as to influence customers and urge them to achieve their consulting goals. All influential technologies belong to content expression. Content expression technology is different from content response technology. Content expression means that the consultant expresses his own views, and content response means that the consultant responds to the helper.
Six, self-opening technology:
Also known as "self-disclosure" and "self-disclosure", it means that psychological counselors share their feelings, ideas and experiences with help seekers, or open their attitudes and evaluations to help seekers, or open their experiences, experiences and emotions.
Consultants, especially novices, must pay attention to whether they are open to help seekers. Generally speaking, they should be based on the request of help seekers, and they should oppose arbitrary and overly active self-opening in consultation. Whether to carry out self-development should consider the influence on consultation after opening up.
Seven. Impact overview:
Counselors organize their own topics and opinions, and then express them in a concise form, which is an influential overview, equivalent to more content expression. Impact summary is different from participation summary. The former summarizes the views expressed by the consultant, while the latter summarizes the contents described by the helper.
Eight, the use of nonverbal behavior:
1, stare:
Of all the parts that transmit information, the eyes are the most important. When listening, the eyes often look directly into each other's eyes, not directly. When you talk, you make less eye contact than when you listen to the other person. The eyes of psychological counselors are generally on the face of the helper.
2. Facial expression:
Eyes or mouth are wide open and eyebrows are raised, which is a sign of surprise; Shyness will blush; People frown or squint when thinking deeply or trying to solve puzzles.
3. Body language;
Generally, lowering the head means the end of the statement sentence, and raising the head means the end of the question sentence. Spread out your hands, unbutton your coat or take off your coat to show sincerity and frankness. Crossing your hands on your chest often means a defense, which means denying, refusing or alienating. Leaning slightly towards him during the conversation will make him feel approached and understood.
4. Sound characteristics;
A fast voice rhythm indicates nervousness and excitement, while a slow voice rhythm may be due to apathy and depression, or thinking about whether to express and how to express it. Language conveys information, tone represents attitude, and body movements give people experience.
5. Spatial distance;
The spatial distance between psychological counselors and help seekers should conform to the principle of helping to establish a counseling relationship and feeling comfortable with each other. The distance is about 1 m, and it is best to sit at a right angle or an obtuse angle.
6. Clothing and gait;
Clothing can reflect a person's personality, economic status, cultural accomplishment, aesthetic taste and so on. Especially when helpers visit.
Extended data
The process of psychological counseling
1, induction and induction stage
(1) Establish a mentoring relationship;
(2) Collect relevant information, preliminarily clarify the problems, and clarify the counseling needs;
(3) a preliminary understanding of the personal and environmental resources of the parties; Make a decision on accepting the case; Make consultation arrangements.
2, the problem-personal exploration stage
(1) Establish a good relationship;
(2) Collect relevant information to further define and understand the problem;
(3) assist the parties to explore themselves and realize a deeper understanding of the parties.
3, objectives and program discussion stage
(1) Encourage the parties to change;
(2) Handle the relationship between expectations and goals of all parties;
(3) Consultants should understand the existing intervention methods and the limitations of their own abilities;
(4) The clients should be the main clients, and the consultants should play an auxiliary role.
4. Action/transformation phase
(1) Avoid making the parties passive, accepting and dependent;
(2) Maintain flexibility;
(3) Pay attention to the migration and application of therapeutic harvest in real life;
(4) In the action/transformation stage, it is necessary to evaluate frequently, that is, how much progress has been made in consultation and treatment according to the established goals.
5, evaluation/end stage
(1) Evaluate the target harvest;
(2) Dealing with the problem of ending the relationship: separation anxiety;
(3) Prepare for the transfer of learning and self-reliance;
(4) The last meeting.