(II) Nature of hospital pharmacy discipline (department) Hospital pharmacy discipline (department) is a medical technology department, which has the dual nature of technology, information guidance, supply management, supervision and inspection and work.
1. Dispensing, preparation, drug testing, clinical pharmacy, etc. The skills of the pharmaceutical department are all professional and technical work. With the development of this technology and medicine, the professional division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, and its professionalism will become more prominent.
2. Information-led informatization is the general trend of modern society. Information is the most basic and active factor in all hospital pharmacy work. Hospital pharmaceutical technicians make full use of pharmaceutical professional knowledge, advanced detection methods, therapeutic drug monitoring and all kinds of information related to pharmacy to provide medical staff and patients with drug information and consulting services, participate in clinical work, put forward reasonable drug selection and medication suggestions, and improve the level of hospital medication.
3. Economic management The procurement of pharmacy department (department) and the management, supply and statistics of drug storehouse are all forms of economic management. The sending and receiving of drugs in pharmacy accounts for 50%~70% of the total hospital funds. How to use this huge sum of money reasonably is of great significance to the development and improvement of hospitals and hospital pharmacy.
4. Supervision and inspection of the hospital pharmacy department (department) under the leadership of the dean, is not only the executor of the Drug Administration Law and relevant drug administration regulations, but also the supervisor and inspector of various departments in the hospital to implement drug administration regulations, and has the management functions of functional departments.
5. The dual nature of the work of the pharmaceutical department (department) includes both a large number of administrative functions and a large number of highly technical business work, which requires both human management and technical management.
(3) See the task section for the tasks of hospital pharmacy department.
(4) Types of pharmaceutical disciplines (departments)
1. Simple supply There are many pharmacies in domestic grass-roots hospitals, and the main task is drug procurement and supply, mostly for routine management. In fact, some people who have not been trained in pharmacy are in charge, so this kind of pharmacy is called transaction management or pure supply.
2. The technical pharmacy disciplines (departments or departments) in many cities and some county-level hospitals in China have relatively increased staffing and strong technical force according to the national regulations on hospital classification management. Have certain teaching and scientific research conditions, set up a clinical pharmacy room, equipped with certain equipment and full-time (part-time) pharmacy personnel, often carry out prescription analysis, provide rational drug use consultation for clinic, determine drug concentration conditionally, and participate in therapeutic drug monitoring. Other work in pharmacy, such as preparation, drug inspection and microcomputer management of drug storehouse, is very professional and technical. So this kind of pharmacy is called technical management type, referred to as technical type.
3. Scientific research and teaching Most provincial medical colleges and other tertiary hospitals have large pharmaceutical departments (departments), relatively complete instruments and equipment, strong teachers and technical force, full-time (part-time) researchers, and remarkable scientific research results. Although these units still need to take up considerable manpower for the daily supply of pharmaceutical preparations and routine management, on the whole, the work of pharmacy department (department or department) obviously highlights the advantages of taking teaching, scientific research and production as the main body, and basically integrates scientific research, teaching, production, pharmaceutical affairs management and technical services. This pharmaceutical discipline (department or department) is the highest form in China, which is called scientific research and teaching, technical service, or simply scientific and technological service.
(5) Modernization of hospital pharmacy.
1. Modernization of hospital pharmacy system and management. With the development of hospital pharmacy, and in order to balance with various medical departments, hospital pharmacy should be collectively referred to as pharmacy department or pharmacy discipline. In addition to the dispensing room, preparation room and drug testing room, there should also be rooms for clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical research and information.
To realize the modernization of hospital pharmacy, we must change from traditional management (that is, experience management) to modern management, widely adopt modern management techniques and methods, and widely apply computer technology. It is necessary to implement strict scientific and brilliant management by objectives, have a scientific business and administrative management system, implement a post responsibility system, establish a reward and punishment assessment system, and gradually standardize business work.
2. The pharmacy department (department) should have a relatively concentrated construction area and a reasonable overall layout. The outpatient dispensing room should be close to the outpatient clinical department, the inpatient dispensing room should be located in the middle of the clinical ward, and the surrounding environment of the preparation room should be far away from all kinds of pollution diseases, with reasonable flow of people.
3. More attention should be paid to the improvement and matching of equipment automation level, especially the instruments and equipment that reduce labor intensity and improve work efficiency. According to the needs of the work, there should be a certain number, quality and supporting instruments and equipment, and gradually realize and improve the level of automation through various channels.
4. The pharmacy department (department) should gradually control all aspects of hospital drugs and preparations to ensure the safety and effectiveness of all drugs. Hospital preparations should implement GMP (good manufacturing practice) to ensure the quality of preparations; Sampling the goods purchased in the market; The quality of drugs stored in the warehouse should also be checked.
5. The pharmacy department (department) has corresponding clinical pharmacy, clinical pharmacology and scientific research work. Hospital pharmacy is a professional discipline, and clinical pharmacy, clinical pharmacology and scientific research are one of the important contents of this discipline. These tasks must be combined with reality, solve practical problems, face the clinic and serve patients. The development of these works is also an important link to improve the quality of hospital pharmacy dispensing, preparation and drug supply, and to enrich and enrich the new contents of hospital pharmacy.
6. Establish necessary rules and regulations, post responsibility system and technical operation specifications, and implement standardized and standardized management.
7. The application of computer in the field of hospital pharmacy is one of the important features of hospital pharmacy modernization. Electronic computer can not only play an active role in the management of drug storehouse, rational drug use, drug information consultation, dispensing and statistical reports, but also expand its application in clinical drug preparation, drug quality control, drug research, detoxification and first aid, which is of great significance to improve the level of hospital pharmacy.
8. The construction of hospital drug information system, informatization is the general trend of modern society, and it is also an important symbol of pharmaceutical modernization. Information is the most basic and active factor in all hospital pharmacy work. The key to developing hospital pharmacy and improving the professional quality of pharmaceutical technicians lies in whether the information is comprehensive and well-informed, and whether the information can be analyzed, processed and utilized in time. The collection, sorting, classification, analysis and retrieval of information can be carried out manually, and it is more suitable to use electronic computer to process it. Information exchange should be established between hospital pharmacy departments (departments) to improve quality.
9. Improving the quality of hospital pharmaceutical technicians is the key to the modernization of pharmaceutical departments. The quality of personnel is various, but it is mainly the improvement of professional quality and political quality.
(1) Professional quality construction shall include:
1) master the "three basics"-basic knowledge, basic theory and basic skills;
2) delve into business and constantly update your knowledge according to the development of science and technology and pharmacy; Keep abreast of new scientific research achievements and technologies at home and abroad, and have a wide range of knowledge; According to the characteristics of hospital pharmacy, newly graduated pharmacists should supplement some basic courses and practical work ability, learn how to receive patients and their responsibilities for work and career; Attach importance to practice and have an academic style of seeking truth from facts; Strong hands-on ability and certain writing ability.
(2) The construction of political quality should include loving hospital pharmacy, being active in thinking, being brave in reform and innovation, observing discipline, being serious and responsible for professional work, having certain management ability, and being able to correctly handle problems encountered in practical work; Enterprising; Cultivate good medical ethics, pay attention to the courtesy of language and clothing, and actively and enthusiastically serve patients.
10. The modernization of talents is the guarantee of the modernization of pharmacy. The modernization of hospital pharmaceutical equipment, technology and management requires high-quality talents with modern scientific and technological knowledge to develop and use. Therefore, we should cherish talents and cultivate talents in various forms and levels. The cultivation of talents should be carried out in a planned way. First, focus on cultivating outstanding talents who love hospital pharmacy, politics and business, and make them the backbone of all business work; Attention should be paid to the role of old experts and technicians in the modernization of pharmaceutical departments (departments).
(VI) Introduction to the Working Principles of Good Pharmacy (G.P.P.) The 53rd International Pharmaceutical Federation () recommended that governments and pharmaceutical organizations (especially social pharmacies and hospital pharmacies) implement G.P.P. (GOOK Pharmaceutical Practice); Ensure the safety of drug use, improve the level of pharmacy and provide quality services. The Tokyo Conference put forward four basic requirements, hoping that all countries and regions can formulate detailed implementation rules according to their own specific conditions. The International Plant Protection Association will submit a global plant protection plan to the General Assembly of the World Health Organization for adoption and promotion around the world.
1.g.p.p.is1991At the Stockholm meeting in August, F.I.P organized a meeting attended by 26 pharmacists from 10 countries to discuss how social pharmacies and hospital pharmacies can manage drugs well and ensure drug safety. After this discussion, the Stockholm Newsletter of Global Purchasing Partners was drafted and sent. 1After the discussion at the Tokyo meeting in September, 1993, the main points of G.P.P were published in the name of the Tokyo Declaration:
(1) G.P.P. requires pharmacists to consider the welfare of patients first under any circumstances.
(2) G.P.P. requires that the core of pharmacy business is to supply drugs, provide patients with appropriate opinions and suggestions, and understand the effect after use.
(3) G.P.P. requires pharmacists to make the most important contribution to promoting rational drug use and improving the economic value of special drugs.
(4) G.P.P. requires a clear division of labor between the various components and achievements of the pharmacy, and effective communication and cooperation.
2. In order to meet the requirements of the above standards, it is necessary to:
(1) unify the idea of division of labor and cooperation, and take economic factors seriously;
(2) Pharmacists should have the function of medication decision-making;
(3) share the same responsibilities with other medical and health care work, especially with doctors, and fully trust and cooperate in the process of drug treatment;
(4) Pharmacists should unite and cooperate to improve their professional level instead of competing with each other;
(5) In practice, the person in charge of pharmacy should be responsible for quality assurance, evaluation and definition;
(6) Pharmacists should know and master the main drugs and medication information used by each patient. It is not too difficult to obtain this information if the patient only takes medicine in a pharmacy and the patient's medication situation is known;
(7) Pharmacists should not only master individual theories, but also have a comprehensive understanding of treatment and drug application, and objectively understand and master new information;
(8) The professional life of pharmacists should be serious and responsible;
(9) In order to adapt to the present and future progress of pharmaceutical practice, special progress in continuing education is needed;
(10) Countries should formulate detailed rules for the implementation of G.P.P according to different standards.