After the rapid passenger transport network is completed, central cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Han, Guangzhou, An and Cheng will form a traffic circle of 1 to 2 hours with neighboring provincial capitals; It takes only 4 hours from Beijing to Shanghai, 6.5 hours from Guangzhou and 5 hours from Harbin.
1On October 27th, the Ministry of Railways 165438+ announced the Medium and Long-term Railway Network Adjustment Plan (hereinafter referred to as the adjustment plan). Lu Dongfu, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Railways, said today: "The newly adjusted plan will adjust the national railway operating mileage planning target from 6,543,800 km to more than 6,543,802 km in 2020, in which the passenger dedicated line will be adjusted from 6,543,802 km to 6,543,806 km, and the electrification rate will be adjusted from 50% to 60%. The main busy trunk lines will realize the separation of passengers and goods, and the layout is basically reasonable.
The "bottleneck restriction" of railway transportation is serious
"From the current situation, due to the long-term lag of China's railway development, the transportation capacity is very tight, and the situation of limited transportation is still grim." Lu Dongfu said.
The overall capacity of the railway network has been tense for a long time. According to the land area, the railway in China is 8 1.2 kilometers per 10,000 square kilometers, which is only 9% of that in Germany, 10% in Britain and10/%in Japan. According to the population, the per capita railway in China is only 6 cm, which is less than the length of a cigarette. The satisfaction rate of railway vehicles is only 35%, and the problem of "one car is hard to find" is very serious. Railway passenger cars can only provide less than 3 million seats every day, but the average daily passenger traffic is 465,438+10,000. In Spring Festival travel rush, summer vacation, holidays and other periods, the problem of "one ticket is hard to find" is very prominent.
The bottleneck problem of busy trunk lines is prominent. The capacity utilization rate of 59 main trunk lines in the whole railway exceeds 90%. The average transportation load of six busy trunk lines such as Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Kowloon, Longhai and Shanghai-Kunming is three times the average level of the whole railway, among which the passenger density is 4.8 times the average level of the whole railway, and the capacity utilization has reached the limit.
The capacity of coal transportation channel is seriously insufficient. In 2007, the national railways completed 65.438+0.54 billion tons of coal transportation, accounting for 49.3% of the total delivery volume, and the existing railway transportation capacity was saturated.
The road network in the west and northeast is weak. Among the three major external passages in southwest China, except for Liu Zhu double track and Baocheng line, the others are single-track railways, which were mostly built in 1950s and 1960s, with low technical standards, small transport capacity and poor circuitous performance.
According to the medium and long-term development plan of the comprehensive transportation network, the new adjustment plan further expands the scale of the road network, improves the layout structure and improves the transportation quality, which embodies the requirements of the original plan for rapidly expanding the transportation capacity and rapidly improving the equipment level.
The adjusted scheme mainly has the following changes:
Rapid passenger transport forms a network
Railway rapid passenger transport network consists of passenger dedicated line, intercity rail transit and mixed passenger and freight express line. The total scale of the adjustment plan exceeds 50,000 kilometers, an increase of 20,000 kilometers over the original plan. Keep the basic framework of the original "four vertical and four horizontal" passenger dedicated lines unchanged, further strengthen the separation of passengers and goods on busy trunk lines, extend the coverage of passenger dedicated lines, strengthen the interconnection between passenger dedicated lines, and give full play to the overall advantages. The construction target of passenger dedicated lines and intercity railways has been adjusted from 6,543.8+0.2 million kilometers to more than 6,543.8+0.6 million kilometers.
This rapid passenger transport network connects all provincial capitals and big cities with a population of more than 500,000, covering more than 90% of the country's population, greatly shortening the time and space distance between cities. By then, central cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Xi and Chengdu will form a 1 to 2-hour traffic circle with neighboring provincial capitals, and a half-hour to 1 hour traffic circle with neighboring cities. After the completion of this rapid passenger transport network, it takes only 4 hours to get to Shanghai in the east, 6.5 hours to Guangzhou in the south, 8 hours to Kunming, 5 hours to Urumqi 1 1 hour in the west and Harbin in the north.
The adjustment plan will expand the intercity passenger transport system from Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta to economically developed and densely populated areas such as Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Chengyu, Zhongyuan, Wuhan, Guanzhong and towns on the west side of the Taiwan Strait, covering all central cities and major towns along the route, realizing group tours, high density and public transportation, and effectively meeting the regional demand for large-capacity passenger transport.
Improve the road network layout and the new development line in the west
The adjustment plan will further expand the scale of the road network in the west, improve the road network structure in the central and eastern regions, and adjust the planned new line from 1.6 million kilometers to 4 1.0 million kilometers.
We will increase foreign railway passages such as China, Russia and Mongolia, and improve international railway passages for entry and exit in Northeast, Northwest and Southwest China. It is planned to add xiang tang-Putian (Fuzhou), Hefu-Fuzhou, Leshan-Guiyang-Guangzhou, Kunming-Nanning-Guangzhou, Xi 'an-Hanzhong-Mianyang, Urumqi-Hami-Lanzhou and other lines to further strengthen the inter-regional communication channels, so as to make the inter-regional passenger transport fast and convenient and the freight volume large, and fundamentally solve the railway "bottleneck" that has long plagued economic and social development.
New railways such as Kashi-Hotan, Jiayuguan-Ceke and Ankang-Zhangjiajie have been added, and the scale of the railway network in the western region has been expanded, with a total scale of over 50,000 kilometers. New railways from Shanghai to Nantong, Guangzhou to Maoming to Zhanjiang, Qingdao to Lianyungang to Yancheng will be added to further improve the railway network in the eastern and central regions.
In order to meet the needs of China's foreign trade and the development of coastal ports, combined with the national port development and functional layout, it is planned to build a railway branch line and a number of logistics center stations in coastal ports, with a transportation distance of more than 1000 km, forming a transportation system closely connected with highways and ports, and vigorously developing container transportation and multimodal transport.
Constructing interregional large-capacity channel with coal transportation as the main body
In order to meet the demand of national economic development for coal transportation, coal transportation channels have been supplemented and improved around the top ten coal transportation bases and Xinjiang. While building passenger dedicated lines, realizing trunk passenger and cargo transportation separately and releasing existing railway capacity, we will speed up the capacity expansion and transformation of existing railways such as Daqin Railway, and increase the construction of coal transportation channels and collection and distribution systems in the "Three West" areas where the coal sea and railways are directly connected to the inland areas of Central South and East China and Xinjiang. The transportation capacity of the coal transportation corridor will reach more than 2.3 billion tons.
Large-scale transformation of existing railways
In addition to the double-track construction and electrification transformation of the existing seven main trunk lines, such as Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Guangzhou, Longhai, Shanghai and Shanghai-Kunming, the existing railway trunk lines in comprehensive transportation corridor with "four verticals and four horizontals" will also be double-track construction and electrification transformation, so as to further enhance the railway transportation capacity in the passage. The adjustment plan will adjust the construction scale of the additional second line from 6.5438+0.3 million kilometers to 6.5438+0.9 million kilometers, and the electrification construction scale of the existing line from 6.5438+0.6 million kilometers to 25,000 kilometers.
After the implementation of the adjustment plan, the scale of China's railway network is further expanded, the road network structure is more reasonable, the transportation capacity is greatly improved, and the transportation quality is rapidly improved. Busy passages have been divided into passenger and freight lines, and the main passages have basically achieved double-track capacity. The main trunk lines in Northeast and Northwest China are electrified, and the electrification networking in East China, Central China and Southwest China is basically realized. The unique speed, density and heavy-haul transportation structure of China Railway have been coordinated and taken into account.
In terms of transportation quality, the passenger dedicated line network has formed a scale, the intercity railway network is basically covered, the main hub points and lines and roads are coordinated, the time and space distance between cities has been greatly shortened, and the total travel time between provincial capitals has been saved by more than 50%. Railways are more closely linked with other modes of transportation, and passenger and cargo distribution is more convenient and fast. Railway heavy-haul transportation and container transportation have reached the world advanced level.