Ginkgo biloba, Platanus acerifolia, Liriodendron chinense, Aesculus chinensis and Tilia amurensis are also known as the five major street trees in the world. These five tree species have a long history and rich culture. Although only Ginkgo biloba is native to China, other tree species, either introduced and domesticated, or cross-bred, or hand in hand with China native species, are basically widely cultivated and applied in China, flourishing.
1. Ginkgo tree (Ginkgo of Ginkgoaceae)
Ginkgo trees first appeared in the Carboniferous period 345 million years ago. It was widely distributed, and most of it became extinct. Only China survived. Therefore, scientists call it a "living fossil" and a "panda in the plant kingdom". The fruit of ginkgo tree is commonly known as ginkgo, so ginkgo is also known as ginkgo tree.
Ginkgo trees grow slowly and have a very long life. Under natural conditions, it takes more than 20 years from planting to fruiting, and a large number of fruits will be produced after 40 years. Therefore, some people call it "gongsunshu", which means "public planting, grandchildren get food". It is the birthday star in the tree, with ornamental, economic and medicinal values, and its life span is over 1000 years. You can often see "Ginkgo Avenue" and "Ginkgo Street", and many ginkgo trees have been cultivated into various potted plants. Ginkgo trees have long been closely related to people's lives, even indispensable.
2. Platanus acerifolia (Platanus acerifolia)
There are 1 1 species of Platanus, which are native to North America, Mexico, the Mediterranean and India. There are three species introduced and cultivated in China. According to the number of fruits, they are called Platanus acerifolia, Platanus acerifolia and Platanus acerifolia respectively. In the 20th century 10-20 years, the French brought French Platanus acerifolia (mainly French Platanus acerifolia and French Platanus acerifolia) to Shanghai and planted them on the then French Concession joffre Avenue. Because its leaves resemble those of Platanus acerifolia, it is mistaken for Platanus acerifolia, and because it is planted in the French Concession, people call it Platanus acerifolia or "Fatong" for short.
I'm afraid the number of Platanus acerifolia used in northern cities of China is not less than that of Ginkgo biloba. People believe that China phoenix tree can attract phoenix, so they especially like French phoenix tree, and it is a very common street tree.
Liriodendron/Liriodendron (Liriodendron, Magnoliaceae)
Liriodendron is an ancient relict plant. There used to be more than 10 species, but now there are only two species of Liriodendron and Liriodendron North America. Liriodendron chinense was introduced to Britain from North America in the17th century. Its yellow flowers look like cup-shaped tulips, so Europeans call it "tulip tree", which is an excellent street tree in the city.
China's Liriodendron is shaped like a jacket, also called a jacket, and its flowers are like tulips. So its English name is "Tulip Tree in China", which translates into "Tulip Tree in China" in Chinese. Liriodendron chinense is a rare plant endemic to China, which is a national second-class protected plant. Liriodendron chinense has become an endangered tree species because of its low germination rate and repeated logging, and it has gradually become scarce in its main distribution areas.
Four. European Aesculus (Aesculaceae, Aesculus)
Aesculus is a type species of Aesculus, which is native to northern Greece and Albanian mountainous areas. Also known as chestnut. Longer life span, open crown, large and beautiful leaves, good shading effect and blooming flowers in early summer. It is a world-famous ornamental tree species.
The seed of China Aesculus chinensis is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which is called Miluo. Therefore, the ancients often called aesculus Miluo. The seeds of aesculus chinensis are edible, but they are bitter to eat directly. They can only be eaten after being boiled in alkaline water, and taste like chestnuts, so aesculus chinensis is also called Shi Tian chestnut, pistachio or monkey chestnut.
Aesculus chinensis is a plant closely related to Buddhism. According to legend, the Buddha was born under the carefree tree, became the Buddha under the bodhi tree, lived in Ye Qi Garden, and said that he was nirvana under the Miluo tree. Although it is not the same tree species as the Indian Miluo tree, Aesculus chinensis has always had a mysterious Buddhist color in northern China.
5. Tilia amurensis/Tilia amurensis (Tilia amurensis)
There are about 80 species of Tilia amurensis, mainly distributed in Europe, America and China. Tilia amurensis, which originated in Europe, is called Tilia amurensis. There are many varieties of Tilia amurensis, Tilia amurensis, Tilia amurensis and so on. It is basically a world-famous landscape tree species and enjoys a high reputation in Europe.
China is the country with the largest variety of linden trees in the world, which is produced in both north and south, with more than 30 varieties. The word "rafter" appeared in the Book of Songs in Liao Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, Tilia amurensis, also called Bodhi Tree, became the sacred tree of Buddhism. After Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tilia amurensis was an important honey source tree, which produced royal tribute honey.
Tilia amurensis has a deep cultural origin in China, but because "Tilia amurensis" is homophonic with "Duan", it sounds unlucky, so it can't be admitted to the hospital for a long time. Sichuanese are used to calling Tilia amurensis "Golden Tongli", which means "wealth" and "wishful thinking". With the advocacy and promotion of Yanyuan agriculture, the name "Jintongli" is gradually loved and accepted by more and more people. Jintongli is widely used in Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, Shandong, Hangzhou, Shanghai and other provinces and cities. Summer is fragrant, autumn leaves are yellow and grow proudly.