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Time: Wei and Jin Dynasties
Author: Cao Zhi
Works: beauty articles
Content:
The beautiful and quiet girl is busy at the fork of the country road.
Ran Ran is full of soft stripes and leaves are falling.
The rolled-up sleeves are clearly visible in her hands, and a gold bracelet is worn on her white wrist.
Jin Jue wears a hairpin on his head and Cuilang on his waist.br/> The pearls are shining, and corals and pearls are interspersed.
Luo Yi is swaying, fluttering and returning with the wind.
Her look back left a charming light, and the smell of her whistle was like the smell of orchids.
Everyone on the road stopped and refused to go away, and the rest were stupid enough to forget to eat.
Someone asked where the girl was, and her family lived at the south gate of the city.
The green painted tower is on the road, and two doors are tied to the big house.
The girl's face is like the morning sun. Who doesn't love her moving face?
What did the matchmaker do? Why not send a bride price in time to set off the engagement?
A girl must love a noble person, but a virtuous man is hard to find.
To put it bluntly, how do you know what kind of person she is looking for?
Youth bloomed in the boudoir, and in the middle of the night came the voice of her sigh.
Precautions:
"Beauty" is a Yuefu poem, which belongs to "seven lines of zaqu" and begins with "An". This poem is based on the fact that absolute beauty, a beautiful woman, does not marry, which means that people with lofty ideals have no talent.
Cao Zhi was an outstanding poet in Jian 'an period. His "Gao Qi Hua ci Mao" (Zhong Rong's poems) greatly promoted the development of five-character poems. At the same time, he also has political talent. Cao Cao once thought that he was the "most important" of the brothers (Wei Wu's story was quoted from the reflection of Shu Wei Chen Si), and he planned to make him Wang Wei. Later, he failed in the competition with his brother Cao Pi. In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Cao Pi usurped the independence of Han Dynasty, and since then, he has carried out a series of persecution against Cao Zhi. This situation did not change until Cao Rui, the son of Cao Pi, ascended the throne (that is, Wei Mingdi). Cao Zhi is a man with political ideals, and he is eager to make a difference in politics. However, under the persecution of Cao Pi and his son, he lived a "captive" life, and his talent was not given the opportunity to display. Finally, in the sixth year of Wei Mingdi Taihe (Cao Rui) (232), he passed away "unhappily" at the age of 4 1 year. Liu Lu commented on Beauty and said: "Zijian's ambition is to assist the monarch in developing the economy, and his fame has made great contributions, but he can't do it. Although he was knighted, he was not yet an official, so he entrusted a virgin with resentment. " Based on Cao Zhi's experience, Liu Lv's understanding is reasonable. "Beauty demon is idle, choose Sangdao." This is people and places. This role is a beautiful girl with gorgeous appearance and dignified personality. The location is the "fork in the road", which is the fork in the road. She is picking mulberry. The "fork road" is a place where pedestrians come and go, which paves the way for the dumping of "walkers" and "walkers" below. "There are many soft strips in Ran Ran, and the leaves are falling." Then "picking mulberry leaves", tender mulberry branches shook gently, and the picked mulberry leaves fluttered. What is written here is mulberry trees, but what is written is the graceful movements of beautiful women picking mulberry trees. The description of the scenery plays a role in setting off the characters.
"Busy sleeve see hand, hao about gold ring on the wrist. Jin Jue hairpin on the head and Cui Lang on the waist? C's sofa is shaking? Han bone moxibustion selection b 抟 Lu Wen? U, light with the wind. "I look forward to glory, and I scream like the blue sky. "Mainly write beauty clothes, also write expressions. The word "busy sleeve" is followed by the word "soft strip", and it is inevitable that beautiful women will wear sleeves when picking mulberry. You can only see white hands when you pull your sleeves. In order to pick mulberries, Su Yan's hand must be held high, so that you can see the white and shiny wrist wearing a gold bracelet. Good choice of words, the second time in order. Because it is picking mulberry, I wrote the beauty's hands and wrists first, then the head and waist, with a bird-shaped gold hairpin on her head and jade hanging on her waist. She is wearing pearls, green pearls and red corals. The above words about the decorations on beautiful women are mostly static descriptions. The sentence "Luo Yi" is a dynamic description of a beautiful woman's muslin blouse, and her skirt flutters with the wind. Combine static and dynamic clothes to describe beautiful women, and write their graceful figure and light gait. The image is very clear. " Look around "two sentences, with implicit words, outline the expression of beauty. Beauty's eyes and eyes leave charming luster, and the breath exhaled when whistling is as fragrant as orchids. People feel as if they saw that person and heard his voice. Can you not be fooled? Therefore, "travelers use rest to drive, and the rest forget to eat." People who walk on the road stop when they see a beautiful woman, while people who rest forget to eat when they see a beautiful woman, and describe her beauty from the side. It should be pointed out that Cao Zhi's description was obviously influenced by Shang Mo Sang written by Han Yuefu. The description of Luo Fu's beauty in Shang Mo Sang goes like this:
Luo Fu likes raising silkworms and picking mulberry in the south corner of the city. Moss is a cage system and cassia twig is a cage hook. There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear. Qi is the lower skirt and Qi is the upper skirt. When Monkey saw Luo Fu, he straightened his shoulders and smoothed his moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and hung his head. The tiller forgot to plow, the hoe forgot to hoe, and the two complained, but they sat watching Luo Fu. This is a description of Luo Fu's beauty, not directly describing her appearance, but describing the beauty of the utensils ("cage" and "cage hook") and the clothes ("Japanese bun", "bright moon pearl", "lower skirt" and "upper sash") she used, as well as the beauty of the four people after seeing Luo Fu. Compared with the descriptions in Beauty, these descriptions are basically the same in content, but different in writing, which shows some changes and developments in Cao Zhi's poems.
"May I ask a woman to live in peace? It's at the southern end of the city. " The brothel is close to the road, and the high gate is closed again. "Explain the beauty's residence and point out her noble family background. Beauty lives in a tall building near South Road. " Brothel, Noble Hall and Vulgarity show that she is not the daughter of ordinary people, but a good family. "Who doesn't want to make faces? "The beauty of a beauty is like the morning sunshine. Who doesn't love her beauty? The beauty of the previous sentence can be combined with the first half; The next sentence says that no one can be fooled, which leads to the following. It is a metaphor for the poet's own identity and talent to write about the noble family and beautiful face of beautiful women here. He can't help but sigh that heroes are useless because they have talent but have no chance to display it.
"The media camp? Why not send a bride price in time to set off the engagement? A girl must love a noble person, but a virtuous man is hard to find. " Everyone was deeply disappointed and knew it. What did the matchmaker do? Why not send the dowry in time and make an engagement? The poet's criticism of the matchmaker reflects his inner injustice. It is an objective reason that the matchmaker doesn't come to hire. And beautiful women love virtuous people, so it is really difficult to find a virtuous husband. This is the subjective reason of beauty. This is a metaphor for people who have lofty ideals, but it is difficult to achieve them. The ideal of a beautiful woman is beyond ordinary people's understanding, but there is a lot of noise and discussion, and they don't know what kind of person she likes. This is a metaphor that ordinary people don't understand the ideals of people with lofty ideals. "In my prime, I was in a room and I sighed at midnight." The beauty was in the prime of her life, but she lived alone in the boudoir. She was so sad and angry that she couldn't sleep at night and let out a long sigh. This is a metaphor for the frustration of people with lofty ideals who have no talent.
Contrast is used throughout this poem, which is a traditional technique in China's ancient poetry and is often used in The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. "Beauty" uses peerless beauty as a metaphor for people with lofty ideals and ambitions, and beauty as a metaphor for people who don't get married. Implicit and euphemistic, meaningful. In fact, the man with lofty ideals mentioned by the beauty is Cao Zhi himself. Therefore, Ren Qu said, "Zi Jian wants to try it himself without using it. Beauty doesn't sell, she feels better. " (Combination of Ancient Poems, Volume III)
The language of this poem is gorgeous, refined, meticulous and vivid, which shapes a beautiful and demure girl. In Qing Dynasty, Ye Xie described it as "a book written by Han and Wei Dynasties" and said: "Beauty is a masterpiece with profound meaning, and its syllables and rhymes have a natural posture, which makes people feel like clues." This is no accident.