China unified the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties (AD 58 1-960).
(1) Rise and Fall of the Sui Dynasty: In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi established the Sui Dynasty. In 589, Emperor Wendi conquered the capital of the Southern Dynasty, and the regime of the North and the South, which had been defeated by Chen Bing for nearly 300 years, was eliminated, and China was unified. In 604 A.D., Yang Guang ascended the throne, that is, Emperor Yang Di, who was extravagant and ruined the country and people. In 6 17 AD, Yu Wenhuaji, the right tunwei, launched a mutiny, strangled the emperor Yang Di with ribbons, and the Sui Dynasty also perished.
(2) The rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty: Li Yuan, a general of the Sui Dynasty, fought against the Sui Dynasty. In 6 18, he became emperor, saying that Chang 'an was his capital and Tang was his title. After several years of rebellion, in 624, it became the world of Tang Dynasty. After the Xuanwumen incident, Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, which is known as the rule of Zhenguan in history. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, ascended the throne. This period was called "the prosperous time of Kaiyuan". In the eight years of An Shi Rebellion, the national economy was destroyed, and there was a separatist regime, and the Tang Dynasty went into decline.
(3) The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms: The Five Dynasties were the continuation and development of the scuffle between the vassal regions in the late Tang Dynasty. There are five dynasties in the Central Plains and ten countries outside the Central Plains.
During the border war, Kyushu unified the Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960- 1368).
(1) The Rise and Fall of the Song Dynasty: In early 1960, Zhao Kuangyin launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, seized the political power of the Later Zhou Dynasty, and established the Song Dynasty, which was called the Northern Song Dynasty in history. Song Taizu used the method of "relieving the military power with a glass of wine" to relieve the military power of senior generals and concentrate all the power in his own hands. After decades of ups and downs, Wang Anshi's "Xining Reform" failed. Yue Fei, a national hero, bravely resisted gold and was finally persecuted to death by treacherous court officials, which accelerated the demise of the Song Dynasty.
(2) The rise and fall of the Yuan Dynasty: In A.D. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan changed the name of Mongolia to Yuan, and the Yuan Dynasty in history began at this time. Kublai Khan destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty in 1279. The Yuan Dynasty perished in 1368, and it only lasted for 98 years.
The chaos in the late Ming Dynasty was replaced by the Qing Dynasty-the early Ming and Qing Dynasties (A.D. 1368- 1840).
(1) The rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty: at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was political darkness, social corruption and peasant uprisings. Zhu Yuanzhang seized the political power of the peasant uprising. 1368 In May, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, and established the Ming Dynasty, with the title Ming Hongwu.
(2) The establishment of the Qing Dynasty: After the Battle of Salhu, the Ming Dynasty was badly weakened, and the late Jin Dynasty pressed for the throne of Huang Taiji, killing his opponent General Yuan Chonghuan by double espionage. Since then, Kim has become more and more powerful. 1635, Huang taiji changed Nuzhen to Manchuria. 1626, Huang taiji proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing and changed his country name to Qing dynasty. He is Qing Taizong.
Dynasties were corrupt and incompetent, and celebrities rose up —— Late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China
(1) At the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the cruel tyranny of the Qing government at home and its weakness abroad, various social contradictions were increasingly exposed, and anti-Qing struggles broke out one after another. In order to save their own destiny, the ruling class also carried out some reform activities, such as the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement of 1898, trying to make China embark on the road of prosperity and independence through top-down changes, but all ended in failure. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, * * * experienced ten emperors for 268 years.
(2) Republic of China: Countless people with lofty ideals fought bloody battles to save the nation from peril. The wave of patriotism is surging in the modern history of China. 19 1 1 year, the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen broke out and the Qing government was overthrown, ending the feudal monarchy in China for more than two thousand years. 19 12 years, Sun Yat-sen established the Republic of China and served as interim president, and the history of China entered a new chapter.
In 208 AD, Battle of Red Cliffs broke out and Sun and Liu Lianhe defeated Cao Cao.
In 220 AD, Cao Cao died of illness, and his son Cao Pi abandoned Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, calling himself emperor, with the title of Wei, who mainly controlled the Yellow River and the northern region. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, known as Shu in history, and controlled Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan. In 220 AD, Sun Quan became king in Jianye, with the title of Wu, and controlled the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Since then, the situation of the three countries has been formed.
Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties: The three countries fought for years, Wei destroyed Shu in 263, replaced Wei Lijin (called the Western Jin Dynasty) in 265, destroyed Wu in 280, and unified the country. In 3 16, the regime established by Xiongnu nobles destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty, and the north entered the war period of "Five Hus and Sixteen Countries", with 20 separatist regimes before and after.
It was not until 439 AD that the Xianbei regime of the Northern Wei Dynasty unified northern China that it achieved relative stability for nearly a hundred years. In 534, the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty, followed by the Eastern Wei Dynasty in the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the Sui Dynasty (58 1).
In the south, in 3 17 AD, Si Marui, king of the Western Jin Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang (Nanjing) and established the Jiangnan regime, known as the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. After 420 AD, it experienced four dynasties: Song (420 ~ 479), Qi (479 ~ 502), Liang (502 ~ 557) and Chen (557 ~ 589). The confrontation between the four dynasties and the northern regime began in the Northern Wei Dynasty for the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It was not until 589 AD when the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen that the separatist regime ended again and the whole country was unified.