What are the effects of peony flower, fairy flower and eggplant flower? How about the medicine? Who used it?

Peony can establish special gardens in parks and scenic spots; Building flower beds and plants in classical gardens and residential courtyards; Natural solitary planting, clumping planting or replanting in garden green space. The existing enzymes hydrolyze to form paeonol (c 15 H2O 8) and a part of L- arabinose. Symptoms such as itchy throat, dry throat and irritating cough caused by root skin pharyngitis have good effects. Medicinal value peony has been used as medicine from its root bark since ancient times, and it is called "peony bark". Shennong Herbal Classic lists it as a product of China. Li Shizhen wrote "Compendium of Materia Medica" and said, "Sedan is the best peony". There is a large amount of peony bark, with an annual domestic demand of about 2.5 million kilograms and an annual export of about 500,000 kilograms. Cao Zhou peony is a medicinal and ornamental variety, and its "Cao Dan" is one of the four peony producing areas in China. The outer layer of peony bark is cork layer, and the cell wall is composed of multiple rows of cork cells, which are light red; The inner layer is cortex, which is composed of thin-skinned cells extending tangentially. The phloem in the cortex accounts for most of the roots, and the center is xylem and pith. There are a lot of oxalic acid crystal clusters and starch in phloem, cortical parenchyma cells and intercellular spaces of peony roots. Fresh peel contains about 5-6% paeonol. C20 H28O 12, but it is easily hydrolyzed into paeonol (C 15 H20 O8) and a part of L- arabinose by its own enzymes. Paeonol C9H1OO3 is a shiny needle-like crystal, which is soluble in water and general solvents, and also contains paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, volatile oil 0. 15-0.4% and phytosterol. Paeonol, as the main medicinal component, has antibacterial effect. In vitro experiments, Cortex Moutan has a strong antibacterial effect on typhoid Bacillus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus and pneumococcus. It also has an inhibitory effect on diphtheria. The decoction of peony bark also has the effect of lowering blood pressure. Peony bark is cylindrical, semi-cylindrical or broken, with longitudinal cracks and inward curling on both sides. The outer skin is pink or reddish, the inner layer is brown or khaki, with fine lines, brittle and easily broken. The cross section is pink and white, with a special fragrance. In order to facilitate transportation and storage, the processed root bark is usually cut into small pieces with a length of 6- 15 cm and packed in wooden cases, bamboo baskets and baskets. Peony bark is slightly cold, bitter and pungent, and non-toxic. Entering the heart, liver and kidney meridians. Has the effects of clearing blood, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Indications: hematemesis due to macula, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, premenstrual dysphoria, carbuncle, swelling, sores, blood stasis and yin deficiency, sweating and bone steaming. Clinically, it is mainly used for clearing away liver fire, cooling blood and removing blood stasis (diminishing inflammation and lowering blood pressure), such as fever, night sweats, spontaneous sweating, headache and irregular menstruation caused by liver depression. It is often combined with Gardenia and Bupleurum, such as "Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder". Taking its effect of clearing heat and removing blood stasis, it is often combined with rhubarb and honeysuckle to treat acute appendicitis, such as "Dahuang Shaoyao Decoction". For patients with fistula caused by hypertension and arterialization, it can be combined with Flos Chrysanthemi Indici and Concha Haliotidis to lower blood pressure. For fever due to yin deficiency, it can be used with Artemisia annua Biejia Decoction. Because of heat bleeding, it can help rhinoceros horn and Radix Rehmanniae to cool blood and stop bleeding; For patients with blood stasis after chest contusion, Cortex Moutan and Folium Artemisiae Argyi are added to the prescription to cool blood and remove blood stasis. Therefore, Cortex Moutan is a commonly used drug for treating blood deficiency, clearing away heat, removing blood stasis or stagnation. Peony bark can not only be decocted with other drugs to treat common acute diseases, but also be made into pills and tablets with slow absorption, lasting drug effect and convenient administration, carrying and storage. Edible Value The consumption of peony flowers in Ming Dynasty "Er Ru Pavilion" began in Song Dynasty. There is a book in the Ming Dynasty: "Peony can also be cooked with new petals." In the Ming Dynasty, the Er Ru Pavilion Manual also recorded that "peony flowers and magnolia flowers are fried together, edible and can be preserved" and "petals are carefully selected, washed, dragged with noodles and cooked with sesame oil, which is beautiful." There is a record in the Yang Xiaolu of Qing Dynasty: "Peony petals can be used for soup, honey and marinated." Peony petals have high nutritional value and are rich in protein, fat, starch and sugar. In addition, they also contain minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron, and vitamins A, B, C and E. In particular, a variety of free amino acids are more easily absorbed by the human body. Immortal characteristics: This product is flat kidney-shaped or flat oval, with a diameter of about 65438±0mm, a brownish yellow or grayish yellow surface, a fine mesh, and a nodding hilum at the tip. Face ash, oil, endosperm, embryo curvature. Tasteless and slightly irritating. Sexual taste and meridian tropism: bitter, pungent and warm; There is a big poison. Heart, stomach and liver meridians. Indications: relieving spasm and pain, calming nerves and relieving pain. Used for stomach cramps and pains, asthma and cough, and madness. Usage and dosage: 0.06~0.6g The seeds are poisonous, and have spasmolytic, analgesic, sedative and insecticidal effects. Tibetan medicine is used to treat runny nose, syphilis, head nerve paralysis, tooth decay and so on. Hold it carefully. Pharmacological experiments show that Fairy can inhibit gland secretion, relax smooth muscle in hyperactive or spasmodic state, dilate pupils, relieve the inhibition of vagus nerve on the heart and accelerate the heart rate. It is used to make 654 injection, and the medicinal ingredients of fairy are used to serve patients. The eggplant flower is different from the famous eggplant flower (,), Datura flower (imperial doctor), Bubulu flower (returning to the heart and miscellaneous knowledge), tiger cut flower (herbal medicine), sunny flower, Malanhua flower (herbal medicine), anemone chrysanthemum flower (seeking herbal medicine) and Myrica rubra flower. The source is Datura stramonium of Solanaceae or dried flowers of Datura stramonium. Plant Morphology ① Datura stramonium, also known as: Solanum melongena, Solanum melongena (Outline), Belladonna grandiflora (essential medicinal material), Belladonna, Datura stramonium (Guangxi Tongzhi), Ricinus communis, Belladonna pigment, Poirot, Rat Worry, Datura stramonium, and Litchi jinpan. Herbs annual, almost glabrous. The stem is upright, cylindrical, 25 ~ 60 cm high, woody at the base and forked at the upper part. Leaves alternate, and the upper leaves are nearly opposite. The petiole is 2 ~ 6 cm long and the surface is sparse and short; Leaf blade is ovate, oblong or heart-shaped, 8 ~14cm long and 6 ~ 9cm wide, the apex is acuminate or acute, the base is asymmetrical, round or nearly wide wedge-shaped, the whole leaf is triangular or short-toothed, and both sides are hairless or sparsely short-haired; Vein bulge on the back. Flowers solitary in leaf axils or between upper branches; Pedicel short, erect or oblique, white pubescent; Calyx tubular, 4 ~ 6 cm long, yellow-green, 5-lobed at the apex, triangular lobes, and acute at the apex. After flowering, the calyx tube splits and falls off near the base, and the remaining calyx tube remains at the base. When the fruit grows, it grows into a disc, and the edge does not turn back. Corolla funnel-shaped, long 12 ~ 16 cm, 5 ~ 7 cm in diameter at the top, white with 5 edges, 5 lobes, triangle and long at the top; Stamens 5, not protruding from corolla tube, anthers linear, flat, inserted at base; Pistil 1, ovary spherical, sparsely spiny, 2-loculed, ovules numerous, style filiform, stigma peltate. The capsule is spherical with sparse thorns on the surface, and turns from green to light brown when it matures. There are many seeds, slightly triangular. The flowering period is from March to165438+1October. The fruiting period is from April to165438+1October. Growing on slopes, grasslands or near houses. Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan and other places; Cultivated in Shanghai and Nanjing. ② Datura pilosa, also known as Datura spinosa and Datura pilosa. Panicum miliaceum. The morphology is similar to the above species, but they are all densely white pubescent; Leaves alternate or subopposite, broadly ovate, 8-20cm long, 5-12cm wide, entire or slightly undulate. The flowers are white or light blue, the calyx tube persists at the base, and the edge is reflexed outward. Capsule nearly round, dense and soft acupuncture. The flowering period is from May to September. Result period: June ~ 65438+ 10 month. Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places; Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai and other cities are cultivated. The roots (Datura stramonium roots), leaves (Datura stramonium leaves) and fruits (Datura stramonium seeds) of the above two plants are also used as medicine, and each has its own articles in detail. During the collection period from August to165438+1October, pick the newly blooming flowers, dry them in the sun, dry them in the shade or light fire. You can also tie the handle and dry it. Medicinal material ① Nanyang Jinhua: it is the dried flower of Datura stramonium. Tie dozens of flowers into a bundle. Calyx has generally been removed. Corolla funnel-shaped, long10 ~15cm, yellowish brown to light brown, with wrinkles, longitudinal wrinkles in the tube, five cracks in the upper part, mostly broken, filiform at the top of the complete lobe, a depression between them, and five stamens, mostly wrapped by corolla tube. Pistil 1 flower is papery and fragile. Slight breath, bitter taste. It is best to remove the calyx, and the flowers are large, thick, neat, yellowish brown and fragrant. Location: Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong and other places. ② Beiyang Golden Flower: the dried flower of Datura stramonium. It is scattered or tied into small bundles. The shape of the flower is similar to that of Nanyang Golden Flower, but it has a yellow-green to gray-green calyx tube with five corners, 3 ~ 5 cm long, gray-green, and gray-white hair outside. Smells like Nanyang Golden Flower. It is best to have large, tawny, intact and impurity-free flowers. Location: Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other places. In addition to the above two kinds, there are several kinds of dried flowers of the same genus, which are also used as medicine: ① Datura stramonium with light green stems. These flowers are white. The capsule is ovoid, with a long hard needle at the top, and has four regular petals when it matures (distributed in the provinces of the Yangtze River Basin). ② Datura purpurea, with purplish red stems. Flowers lavender; The upper part of the calyx is also purplish. Capsule ovoid, with nearly equal length hard needle; When it is mature, it is regularly 4-valved (distributed in the provinces of the Yangtze River Basin). ③ Datura stramonium, with white flowers and smooth and spineless capsules. ④ Double Datura stramonium with 2 ~ 3 layers of corolla, with ultraviolet outside and white inside. Chemical Constituents All parts of Datura plants (and other Datura plants) contain alkaloids, but the content in flowers is the highest, reaching 0.43%. The main alkaloids are hyphal alkaloids, followed by scopolamine (the content of primary and secondary alkaloids in leaves is just the opposite to that in flowers). The flower head of Datura stramonium contains about 0.3 ~ 0.4% of total alkaloids, mainly scopolamine and scopolamine. Pharmacological action ① Central action The main effective component of Datura stramonium is scopolamine, which has obvious sedative effect (atropine excites the brain). General dose can make people feel tired and enter dreamless sleep; It can also relieve emotional excitement and lead to forgetfulness. Individual patients may have atropine-like excitement symptoms such as anxiety, excitement, hallucinations and even delirium. Previously, it was only known that it could be administered before anesthesia, but now it is used in combination with hibernation drugs (in some cases, hibernation drugs can be omitted or used less), which has a strong synergistic effect and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine anesthesia. Electrophysiological methods proved that scopolamine inhibited the ascending activation system of cerebral cortex and midbrain reticular structure. Clinical practice has proved that physostigmine (intravenous injection, up to 4 mg) has a good awakening effect, indicating that its anesthetic effect may be related to central transmitters. Scopolamine is more effective than atropine in stimulating respiratory center, resisting dizziness and treating Parkinson's disease. ② The peripheral action of scopolamine can block acetylcholine receptor, so it has the same properties as atropine, but the intensity is slightly different. Its effects of mydriasis, eye paralysis, regulating and inhibiting gland secretion are 65438 0 times stronger than those of atropine, but its effect on cardiac vagus nerve is weak. The heart rate is obviously accelerated during anesthesia with traditional Chinese medicine, which can be overcome by propranolol in advance. Datura flower total alkaloids injection has a good effect on rescuing organophosphorus pesticide poisoning because of its anticholinergic effect. It has the same effect of relieving vasospasm as atropine, so it can improve microcirculation and blood perfusion of tissues and organs, and has anti-shock effect. ③ In vivo process and toxicity The total alkaloids of Datura stramonium L. are easily absorbed by oral administration and distributed throughout the body, circulating from placenta to fetus. Experiments in dogs and mice show that Datura flower has no effect on reproductive function and fetus. Most of them are hydrolyzed by enzymes in the liver, and only 1% scopolamine is excreted from the kidney in its original form. After intravenous injection of total alkaloids from Datura flower in dogs, there may be strong convulsion or inversion of horn arch, and finally respiratory failure leads to death. The dogs were anesthetized intravenously with total alkaloids (2 mg/kg) and killed 3 days later. No obvious morphological changes were found in internal organs. The minimum lethal dose of intravenous injection in dogs is 80 mg/kg, and the minimum effective dose of anesthesia is 2 mg/kg, which has a wide safety range. Pungent, warm and poisonous in nature. ① Outline: pungent, warm and toxic. ② Essentials of raw medicinal materials: sweet in taste, warm in nature and toxic. 3 "Herbal Classic": pungent, warm and toxic. Return to the classic Materia Medica Reader: Entering the Lung. Indications-Datura flower has the functions of relieving asthma, expelling wind, anesthesia and relieving pain. Treat asthma, epilepsy, rheumatic joint pain, beriberi and sore pain. Make an anesthetic for surgery. ① "Outline": beriberi caused by cold and dampness in every wind should be decocted. It also treats convulsion, epilepsy and proctoptosis, and is combined with anesthetic. ② Essentials of Raw Medicinal Materials: Take less medicines for relieving pain, clearing customs and removing head wind. (3) Notes on Materia Medica: Healing sores and relieving pain, and promoting arthralgia and cold asthma. 4 "Luquan Materia Medica": Treating cough and pain from falls. Oral administration and dosage: decoction (or soaking in water), 1 ~ 1.5 points; Powder, 3-5%; Fry wine or smoke. External use: decocted in water or ground and applied. It is advisable to avoid oral administration and be cautious. The weak are disabled. Precautions: Patients with heart disease, tachycardia, glaucoma and pregnant women should not take it.