1. Saba Pearl
(Pearl of Qiao Ba)
It is a European species. Originally from Hungary, it is a hybrid of Hungarian rose and Anto rose 1904, which is a world-famous early-maturing fine variety.
The tip is yellow-green, the edge is red, and it is in the villi. Young leaves are orange, with sparse suede on the upper surface and middle fluff on the lower surface. Leaves small or medium large, spreading and rounded; The upper surface is smooth, and the lower surface veins have bristles; 3-5 cracks. The upper crack is shallow and open, and the bottom is U-shaped. Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral convex. Petiole hollow and narrow arch or closed ellipse, V-shaped at base. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are of medium size, with an average weight of 200-250 g, conical and medium density. The fruit is medium and large, with an average weight of1.9-3.2g; Nearly round; Yellow-green, light yellow when fully mature; The skin is thin, the meat is slightly crisp and juicy, and the rose fragrance is moderate. Soluble solids content 12%- 15%, acid content 0.5%-0.8%, sweet and sour. The fruit branch rate is 65%-80%, with an average of 1.2- 1.3 ear per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from mid-July to early August, and the ripening is consistent. It takes 100- 1 15 days for the fruit to germinate and fully mature. This tree has the golden mean.
Excellent quality, strong disease resistance and medium yield. But the skin is thin, and it is easy to crack when it rains after maturity.
2. Early roses
European grape varieties. It is a hybrid of Rosebud× Saba Pearl from Northwest Agricultural College 1963.
The tip is white and green, the edge is bright red, and it is in the fluff. Young leaves are orange-red with prickly hairs on the lower surface. The leaves are small or large, nearly round, with reticular protrusions on the upper surface and dense bristles on the veins on the lower surface; The upper fissure is shallow or medium, open or slightly overlapping, and the base is V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are medium-sized, weighing 210-290g-290g, and the maximum ear weight is 265g, which is conical and compact. The fruit is medium-sized, with an average weight of 3.2—3.6g and a maximum weight of 5.6g. It is round, purplish red, with thick fruit powder and medium-thick peel. The meat is plump and juicy, with soluble solids 14%- 16%, acid content of 0.7%-0.9%, sweet and sour taste, and rich rose fragrance. Each fruit contains 1-4 seeds, including more than 2 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 70%-80%, and the average fruit branch 1.3- 1.5 ear. The fruit ripens in mid-July in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. It matured at the end of July in Taigu County, Shanxi Province. It takes 105 days for the fruit to germinate and fully mature. The tree is weak and its internodes are short.
This variety is the earliest variety of fruit ripening in China, with beautiful ear appearance, excellent quality and moderate disease resistance. Suitable for sandy loam and places with irrigation conditions, easy to cultivate, suitable for small crown close planting.
3. Fenghuang 5 1
It belongs to European grapes. 1975 was bred by Dalian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, with unknown parents.
The tip is gray and white, in the fluff. Young leaves are orange-yellow, with reddish-brown edges, with sparse fluff on the upper surface and intermediate fluff on the lower surface. The leaves are medium and large, oval, flat or slightly curled, with smooth upper surface, dense fluff on the lower surface, 5-7 cracks on the upper side, deep cracks on the upper side, serrated bilateral convex leaf margin and arched petiole. Bisexual flowers with medium or large spikes, with an average weight of 350-420 g, conical and extremely dense. The fruit is very large, with an average weight of 7-8.7 grams, purple, nearly round to oblate, and 3-4 grooves on the surface of the fruit; Pericarp medium thickness; The meat is crispy and juicy, with a sugar content of 13%- 18% and an acid content of about 0.6%. It tastes sweet and sour. Each fruit has 2-3 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 58.8%, with an average of 2 ears per fruit branch. The fruit ripens in Dalian at the beginning of August, one week later than Saba Pearl, and belongs to an extremely early-maturing variety. This tree has the golden mean.
The fruit is very big and of good quality, and it is an important very early-maturing fresh food.
4. Nezha
(Zana)
It is a European species. 1975 was introduced into China from Albania.
The tip is yellow-green, the young leaves are orange-red, and there is no fluff. The leaves are medium-large, nearly round to oval, with smooth upper surface, sparse bristles on the lower surface, 5 cracks, deep cracks on the upper part, slightly overlapping, V-shaped base, and straight serrations on both sides of the leaf margin; Petiole hollow arch, or open oval, base U-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. The ear is large, with an average weight of 360—850g, and the maximum ear can reach 1 100g. It is conical, usually has accessory ears, and is moderately tight or loose. The fruit is very large, with an average weight of 6.4- 10.2g and a maximum weight of 17g, round or oval, pink and thin fruit powder; Pericarp medium thickness; The meat is crisp, light and slightly fragrant. Soluble solids 14%- 18%, and acid content is about 0.65%. It tastes sweet and sour. The quality is above average. Each fruit contains 1-4 seeds, including more than 2 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 50%-83%, with an average of 1.2- 1.7 ear per fruit branch. The fruit ripens in early August. The fruit needs 1 15- 120 days from germination to full maturity, which is an early-maturing variety. This tree is very strong.
The fruit has large ears, large grains, beautiful appearance, early maturity and high yield, but the fruit is easy to crack and not resistant to powdery mildew and black pox. The load is too large, and it is easy to drop flowers and fruits.
5. Lisa Matt
(Ризамат)
European grapes. Alias rose milk. The former Soviet Union Okenko was bred by crossing Delicious Gan and Barkent, and was first introduced to China in 196 1.
The leaves are medium-large, nearly round, smooth and hairless; 3-5 cracks, the upper cracks are deep or medium; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral straight; Petiole is hollow and open, oval, and V-shaped at the base. Amphoteric flowers, extra-large spikes, average weight of 650- 1000 g, conical branches, medium density. The fruit is very large, with an average fruit weight of 10.4- 12g, cylindrical, light red, purplish red at full maturity, extremely thin skin, crisp and thick meat, sugar content of 10%- 14%, acid content of about 0.6%, and sweet taste. Each fruit contains 2-3 seeds. In Jinan City, Shandong Province, the fruit is fully mature in early August, which is an early-maturing variety. Trees are thriving.
It is an excellent early-maturing fresh food with large panicles, beautiful appearance and excellent quality. However, the tree is vigorous and has poor disease resistance, so it should be cultivated in arid areas with large hedges or sheds.
6. Rose fragrance
(Muscat Hamburg)
European grapes. Originally from England. Si Nuo was a cross between Heihan and Alexander at 1860. /kloc-was introduced to China more than 0/00 years ago.
The tip is gray and white, in the fluff. Young leaves are orange-yellow with purple-red, and the fluff on the upper and lower surfaces is dense in the middle. The leaves are large, nearly round, light green and wrinkled; The upper surface is smooth and mixed with wool; 5 split, deeply split, closed or open, V-shaped at the base, straight on both sides or convex on one side and concave on the other; The petiole depression is arched, sagittal or closed oval, and the base is V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. The ear is medium or large, with an average weight of 150-200 g, conical or branched, medium compact or loose. The fruit is large, with an average weight of about 5g, purplish red, thick fruit powder and medium thick peel; The meat is juicy and the juice is colorless. Roses have a strong fragrance; Soluble solids 15%- 19%, acid content 0.6%-0.7%, sweet and sour. The normally developed fruit contains 2-3 seeds, which are yellow-brown, long-billed, oval and convex. Small fruit has no seeds. The fruit branch rate is 70%-90%, and the average fruit branch is about 1.5 ear. The fruit ripens from late August to late September, and it takes 140- 150 days from germination to full maturity. It is a mid-late maturing variety. This tree has the golden mean.
Rose fragrance is a world-famous excellent table grape variety. Under good management conditions, its fruit size is large, its quality is excellent and its yield is high. If the management is extensive and the water and fertilizer are insufficient, it will easily lead to falling flowers and fruits and small fruit grains, which will seriously affect the yield. Cold resistance and disease resistance are weak.
7.white rose perfume
(Muscat wine from Alexandria)
Also known as White Rose and Alexander. It belongs to European grapes. Originated in Arabian Peninsula, it has been cultivated in Egypt since ancient times and now it has spread all over the world.
This tree has the golden mean. Young leaves are red, slightly woolly, large, heart-shaped, medium-thick, 5-lobed, shallowly lobed and dark green on the surface. The panicle is conical, with an average weight of 530g, with a maximum of1000 g, and the fruit is oval or obovate, with a large grain, with an average weight of about 8g and a maximum of10 g.. The peel is green, yellow or yellow-white, thick and tough, with little fruit powder. The pulp is dense, the juice is less, it is extremely sweet, and it has a strong rose fragrance, and its quality is extremely high. Each fruit contains 2-4 seeds, which can be easily separated from the pulp. Due in late September. Suitable for cultivation in high temperature and dry climate in summer.
8. Longan
It belongs to European grapes. Also known as red grape and purple grape, it is an ancient variety originating in China.
The tip is yellow-green, and the fluff is fine. Young leaves are orange with reddish-brown edges and sparse hairs on the lower surface. Leaves are large, oblate, dark green, smooth and hairless; 3-5-lobed, shallow-lobed in the upper part, spreading, V-shaped at the base, serrated protrusions on both sides of the leaf margin, wide and arched petiole, and U-shaped at the base. Amphoteric flowers. The spike is large, with an average of 600-800 g, the maximum spike weight 1500g, conical or conical with shoulders, and medium density. The fruit is large, with an average weight of 5-6g, nearly round or oval. Purple, thick fruit powder, medium thick peel, soft and juicy meat and colorless juice; Soluble solids 15%-20%, acid content 0.6%- 1.0%, sweet and sour. Average per fruit branch1.2-1.3 ear. The fruit ripens from mid-September to early October of 10, and it takes more than 150- 160 days from germination to full maturity. It is a late-maturing fresh-eating wine variety. This tree is very strong.
Scaffolding is highly productive, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and salt-tolerant, but it is prone to black pox.
9. milk
It belongs to European grapes. Also known as Maruzi (Xinjiang), Xuanhua White Grape, Agate, Crispy Grape and White Husayi (former Soviet Union), it has a long history of cultivation in China.
The tip is yellow-green, and the fluff is fine. Young leaves are orange and fluffy. The leaves are medium-sized, nearly round, smooth and hairless, 5-lobed, shallowly or moderately cleft in the upper part, spreading, V-shaped at the base, straight at both sides, serrated leaves, drooping petioles and U-shaped at the base. Amphoteric flowers. The ear is large, with an average weight of 300-800 g, oblong, conical or branched, and loose. The fruit is large, with an average weight of 4.5-6.5 grams and the heaviest weight of 9 grams, cylindrical, yellow-green to yellow-white; Thin skin, crisp meat, soluble solids 15%-22%, acid content 0.25%-0.3%, and sweet taste. Each fruit has 2-3 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 30%-40%, with an average of 1.2- 1.4 ear per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from late August to early September. The fruit needs 130- 140 days from germination to full maturity, and it is a medium-ripe fresh food species. This tree is very strong.
The fruit ear is large, the yield is high, the peel is thin, the meat is crisp, sweet and refreshing, and the quality is excellent, but the disease resistance and cold resistance are poor, which is suitable for the ecological conditions of drought, little rain, sufficient heat and loose soil.
10. Jufeng
For mixed-race Europeans and Americans. Oikami Kang 1937 was originally produced in Japan, and was bred by crossing early Ishihara with the tetraploid Moriya, and was introduced to China in 1959.
The green shoots of plants are dark red with sparse villi. Young leaves are thick and dull, with thin fluff on the upper surface and dense fluff on the lower surface. Leaf blade is large, nearly round, thick, 3-5-lobed, with shallow upper fissure and shallow lower fissure. The serrations are large and moderately sharp. Leaves are dull and smooth; There is no fluff on the leaf surface and dense fluff on the back of the leaf. The petiole depression is a narrow arch. Amphoteric flowers. The ear of fruit is large, with an average ear weight of 365g and a maximum ear weight of 730 g; The fruit is large, nearly round, with a grain weight of 9g and a maximum grain weight of13.5g. The peel is thick, purple and black, and there are many fruit powders. The meat is soft, juicy, sweet and sour, with obvious strawberry flavor. Seeds and pulp are easily separated, and each fruit contains 1-2 seeds. Strong growth potential.
The fruit is large, with medium quality and strong disease resistance. Flower buds are easy to form and the yield is good, but after 3-4 years, the flowers and fruits fall off seriously, so it is necessary to control the yield and adjust the nutritional status.
1 1. Redmi
It's a European-American hybrid. Originally from Japan, it was cultivated by bud mutation found on Igawa Kei 682.
Green shoots, dense villi, thick tender leaves, dark red, shiny green shoots, extremely thin villi on the leaves and extremely dense villi on the back of the leaves. Mature leaves are large and thick, nearly round, dark without fluff, dense fluff on the back of leaves, and large and sharp serrations. 5-lobed, deep on the upper part, middle on the lower part, and wide arch with concave petiole. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are particularly large, with an average ear weight of 600g, and the maximum ear weight can reach 1 100g. Ears are tapered. The fruit is very large, with a single fruit weight of 13- 15g and a short oval shape. The fruit grains are closely connected. The peel is medium thick, bright red and contains a lot of fruit powder. It is difficult to separate the peel from the pulp. The pulp is crisp, slightly fleshy, juicy, yellow-green, and strawberry has a faint fragrance and sweetness. Each fruit contains 1-3 seeds, and the pulp is easily separated from the seeds. Strong growth potential. It ripens in late August in Guanzhong, Shaanxi. The growth days of fruit from germination to full maturity are 137 days, and the effective accumulated temperature is about 3000℃.
Early fruiting, high yield, huge fruit, bright color, strong disease resistance, difficult threshing and storage resistance.
(2) Brewing varieties
1. Bai Shinan
(Chenin Blank)
Eurasian species, an ancient variety originated in France, was cultivated as early as 845 AD. The tip is white and green, the edge is pink, and it is in the fluff. Young leaves are orange, with dense villi on the upper and lower surfaces. The leaves are medium-sized, nearly round, with smooth upper surface and dense villi on the lower surface; 3-5-lobed, with shallow or medium upper cleft, open or overlapping apex, and V-shaped base; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral convex; Petiole is hollow and open, oval, and V-shaped at the base. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are of medium size, with an average weight of 280-290g. Conical, extremely tight. The fruit is medium-sized, oval, with an average weight of1.6-1.8g, yellow-green and golden yellow when it is ripe; The skin is thin, the meat is soft and juicy, the sugar content is 17%- 19.3%, the acid content is 0.75%-10.3%, and it tastes sweet and sour. The fruit branch rate is 70%-80%, with an average of 1.6 ear per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from late August to mid-late September, and it takes 140- 150 days from germination to full maturity. It is a mid-late maturing variety. This tree has the golden mean.
High yield, high sugar and acid content, moderate disease resistance. The brewed wine is light green yellow, clear and transparent, with rich fruit aroma and elegant honey aroma, and the taste is mellow and harmonious.
2. Riesling grapes
(Riesling, Riesling Bai)
Eurasian species, native to Germany.
The tip is yellow-green, the edge is red, and it is in the villi. Young leaves are golden yellow with dense villi on the upper and lower surfaces. The leaves are medium-large, nearly round, with bubble-like protrusions on the upper surface, 3-5 cracks in the villi on the lower surface, shallow cracks on the upper surface, opening, U-shaped base and bilateral convex serrations on the leaf margin; The petiole depression is closed oval or arch, and the base is V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. The ear of fruit is small, with an average weight of 96- 122g, cylindrical, with some ears attached, compact or extremely compact. The fruit is medium-sized, with an average single fruit weight of 1.3- 1.5g, nearly round, yellow-green, light brown on the sunny side, and black spots on the fruit surface when it is fully mature. Thin peel, juice yield of 75%, sugar content 18%- 19%, acid content of 0.7%-0.9%, sweet taste. Each fruit contains 2-4 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 85%-90%, with an average of 1.7-2.3 ears per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from late August to mid-September, and it takes about 140 days from germination to full maturity. It belongs to mid-late maturing wine varieties. This tree has the golden mean.
With high sugar content and medium yield, it is a type of European grape varieties with strong cold resistance, but its skin is thin and prone to disease. The brewed liquor is light green yellow, clear and shiny, fruity, mellow and refreshing, and has a long aftertaste. It is an excellent variety for brewing dry white wine.
3. Easterling
(Riesling, Italy)
Eurasian species, native to Italy. Also known as Guirenxiang, Italian Riesling, etc.
The tip is yellow-green, the edge is red, and it is in the villi. Young leaves are golden yellow with dense villi on the upper and lower surfaces. The leaves are medium-sized, light green, oval or nearly round, with slightly curled edges, smooth upper surface and sparse fluff on the lower surface; 3-5-cleft, medium or shallow upper fissure, open, V-shaped or U-shaped at the base; Leaf margin sawtooth straight on both sides; Petiole is hollow and open, arched. The base is v-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. Small or medium-sized ears, average weight 150-230 g, cylindrical, with attached ears, compact or extremely compact. The spike stalk is short. The fruit is medium in size, with an average single fruit weight of 1.3-2.2g, round or nearly round, yellow-green, yellowish brown on the sunny side, and black spots on the fruit surface; Thin-skinned meat is soft and juicy, with juice yield of 70%-80%, soluble solid content 16%-23%, acid content of 0.5%-0.9%, and sweet and sour taste. Each fruit has 3-4 seeds, and the seeds are small. The fruit branch rate is 73%-80%, with an average of 1.7-2. 1 ear. The fruit ripens from late August to mid-September, and it takes 140- 150 days from germination to fruit ripening. This tree has the golden mean.
Strong adaptability, moderate disease resistance and high yield. The brewed liquor is straw yellow, fragrant and refreshing, full and complete, with a long aftertaste and high quality. It is also a high-quality raw material for brewing sparkling wine and brandy.
4. Chardonnay grapes
(Chardonnay)
Eurasian species, native to France.
The tip is gray-green, the edge is reddish, and it is in the villi. Young leaves are orange and shiny, and the lower surface is thin. The leaves are medium-large, round or oblate, with slightly curled edges, slightly rough upper surface, reticulate protrusions and sparse fluff on the lower surface; 3-5 cracks, the upper crack is shallow; Open and V-shaped at the bottom. Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral convex or straight. The petiole is arched, the base is U-shaped, less sagittal, and the base is V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. The ear is small, with an average weight of110-125g, which is conical and often has secondary ear. Close or very close. The fruit is small, with an average weight of 1.3-2.0g, nearly round and yellow-green; Pericarp medium thickness; Sugar content 17%- 19.6%, acid content 0.57%-0.88%. The fruit branch rate is 84%-95%, with an average of 1.5- 1.8 ear per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from mid-August to early September. It takes 65,438+0.25—65,438+0.30 days from germination to full maturity, which is an early-maturing variety. This tree is not strong.
The output is medium. During fruit ripening, sugar content increased rapidly and acidity decreased slowly. Fruit is moderately resistant to black pox and white rot. The brewed liquor is yellow-green, clear and transparent, with complete aroma, mellow and harmonious taste, elegant aftertaste and excellent liquor quality.
5. Cabernet Sauvignon
(Cabernet Sauvignon)
Eurasian species, native to France, also known as Cabernet.
The tip is light green, the edge is light red, and it is in the fluff. The young leaves are light orange, with dense villi on the upper and lower surfaces. The leaves are medium-sized, nearly round, with rough upper surface, reticular protrusions and fluff on the lower surface; 5-cleft, the upper fissure is deep or extremely deep, deeply overlapping, and the base is U-shaped. Because the upper and lower splits and petiole depressions are closed, it has the characteristics of quincunx. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are moderately large, with an average weight of 150- 170 g, conical, and some have accessory ears. Medium dense or loose, with long stems. Medium-sized fruit, average weight 1.4-2. 1g, round, purple-black, thick fruit powder; Pericarp medium thickness; The meat is soft and juicy. The juice yield is 73%-80%, the sugar content 16%-20%, and the acid content is 0.6%-0.8%. Each fruit has 1-2 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 75%-83%, with an average of 1.5- 1.9 ear per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from late August to late September. It takes about 140- 150 days for the fruit to germinate and fully mature. It is a mid-late maturing variety. This tree has the golden mean.
Medium and low yield, strong resistance to downy mildew, powdery mildew and anthracnose. The wine is ruby in color, unique in flavor and faint in fragrance. Good alcohol content and coordination, excellent wine quality.
6. Black Pi Nuo
(Black Pi Nuo)
Eurasian species, also known as Pinot Noir and Pinot Noir, are native to France.
The tip is green and white, the edge is reddish, and it is in the fluff. Young leaves are light orange with fluff on the upper surface. The lower surface is densely villous. The leaves are medium-sized, nearly round, and slightly rolled down. There are bubbles on the upper surface and sparse villi on the lower surface; 3-5-lobed, with shallow or medium upper half-cleft, opening and V-shaped base; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral convex or straight; Petiole droops and the base is V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. Small ears, average weight 52- 150g, conical, with accessory ears, compact or extremely compact. The fruit is of medium size, with an average weight of1-1.8g, nearly round, purple-black, and the fruit powder is of medium thickness; The skin is very thin. The juice yield is 70%-75%, the sugar content is 16%-20%, the acid content is 0.6%- 1.0%, and the average per fruit branch is 1.5- 1.8 ear. The fruit ripens in the middle and late August, and it takes 130- 135 days from germination to full maturity, so it is an early and middle-maturing variety. This tree has the golden mean.
Resistant to anthracnose, but susceptible to downy mildew, with medium yield. The brewed dry red, dry white and pink wines are fruity, refreshing and soft, with elegant aftertaste. In addition, it is an excellent variety for brewing champagne and sparkling wine.
7. French blue
(French blue)
Eurasian species, also known as French and agate red, originated in Austria.
The tip is yellow-green, the edge is purple-red, and it is in the villi. Young leaves are orange-red, and the lower surface has medium-density mixed hairs. The leaves are large, nearly round, and the leaf margin is slightly rolled outward. The leaves are dark green, the upper surface is smooth, and the lower surface only has dense hairs on the veins; 3-5 cracks, shallow upper crack, opening, V-shaped base; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral straight; Petiole concave vector, base V-shaped; The leaves in autumn are red. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are medium or large, average weight 180-420g, conical or multi-shoulder conical, compact or extremely compact. The fruit is medium-sized, round or nearly round, blue-black and thick. The peel is medium thick, the juice is light red, the juice yield is 75%-78%, the soluble solid 17%-20%, and the acid content is 0.7%-0.9%. It tastes sweet and sour. Each fruit contains 3-4 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 70%-94%, with an average of 1.6- 1.9 ear per fruit branch; The fruit ripens in the middle and late August, and it takes 130- 135 days from germination to full maturity, which is an early-maturing wine variety. This tree has the golden mean.
High and stable yield, moderate disease resistance, fast sugar accumulation and slow acidity decline during fruit ripening. The wine is ruby red, with complete aroma, long aftertaste and rapid maturity. Peeling fermentation can also be used to brew liquor.
8. Jiali wine
(Jiali Niang)
Eurasian species, native to Spain.
The tip is yellow-green, the edge is pink, and it is in the villi. Young leaves are green, with dense villi on the upper and lower surfaces. The leaves are large and oval, with small bubbles on the upper surface and sparse fluff on the lower surface; 5-lobed, carved on the upper part, open, and U-shaped at the base; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral straight; Petiole depressed sagittal or arched, base V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. The ear is medium-large, with an average weight of 1.6-2.7g, oval, purple-black, extremely compact, and medium fruit powder. The peel is medium thick, and the meat is soft and juicy. The juice yield is 8 1%-88%, the soluble solid content is 14%- 17%, and the acid content is 1. 1%- 1.8%. Each fruit contains 2-4 seeds. The fruit branch rate is 67%-82%, with an average of 1.4-2 ears per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from early September to late September, and it takes 150- 155 days from germination to full maturity, so it belongs to a late-maturing variety. This tree is very strong.
Strong adaptability, easy cultivation and high yield. The brewed wine is ruby red, pure in taste, good in aftertaste and good in aroma. Peeling fermentation can also be used to brew mid-range liquor. However, this variety is easy to be cut by black pox and tendrils, with inconsistent fruit maturity, many green grains and poor wintering performance.
9. Timid
(Ркацители)
Eurasian species, also known as Erhazijiri, are native to Georgia.
The tip is yellow-green, the edge is red, and it is in the villi. Young leaves are orange-red, with thin fluff on the upper surface and dense fluff on the lower surface. The leaves are medium-large, nearly round, with slightly upward curved edges and funnel-shaped, with reticular protrusions on the upper surface and bristles in the fluff on the lower surface; 3-5-lobed, with shallow or medium upper half-cleft, opening and V-shaped base; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral convex; The petiole depression is arched and sagittal, and the base is U-shaped or V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are moderately large, with an average weight of 150-280 g, cylindrical or conical. Some are branched and have moderate density. The fruit is medium and large, with an average weight of 1.6-2.3g, oval, yellow-green, thin peel and a juice yield of 75%-80%. Contains soluble solids 15%- 19%, acid 0.7%-0.9%, 3-4 capsules per fruit. The fruit branch rate is 60%-83%, with an average of 1.3- 1.5 ear per fruit branch. The fruit ripens from the end of August to the end of September, and it takes 140- 160 days from germination to full maturity. It's a late-maturing variety. This tree has the golden mean. The branches are thin and straight.
Medium or high yield, strong resistance to salt and alkali and black pox, but susceptible to downy mildew and powdery mildew. The brewed wine is light yellow, clear and shiny, pleasant in aroma, refreshing in taste, full-bodied and good in aftertaste.
10. Beichun
Osha, asshole 1952 was bred by crossing rose and vitis amurensis in Beijing Botanical Garden of China Academy of Sciences.
The tip is yellow-green, the edge is pale pink, and the villi are dense. Young leaves are orange-red, with dense fluff on the upper and lower surfaces. The leaves are large, nearly round or oval, the upper surface is rough and covered with bubble-like protrusions, and the upper surface has medium density bristles; 3-5-lobed, shallow or medium upper half-cleft, spreading, U-shaped or V-shaped base, straight serrations on both sides of leaf margin, wide arch petiole and U-shaped base. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are medium large, with an average weight of 200-300 g, conical, sometimes with secondary ears, medium tight or loose. The fruit is medium-sized, with an average weight of 2.4-2.7 grams, nearly round and purple-black; The peel is medium thick, the pulp is soft, the juice yield is 77%, the juice is light red, the soluble solid content is 15.2%-24.6%, the acid content is 1.2%- 1.7%, the taste is sweet and sour, and the fruit branch rate is 80%-90%. The fruit ripens from early August to mid-September, and it takes about 140- 150 days from germination to full maturity. It belongs to middle-late maturity type. This tree is very strong.
Strong cold resistance and disease resistance, wide adaptability to soil, high yield and easy cultivation. The wine is ruby red, clear and memorable.
(3) Seedless and juice-making varieties
1. Seedless white wine
(Thompson seedless)
Eurasian species, native to Central Asia and the Near East, is an ancient species. Also known as Akkismish, Sudana, Sudana, oval nuclear-free white, etc.
The tip is yellow-green, and the fluff is fine. The young leaves are golden yellow and the upper and lower surfaces are smooth and hairless. The leaves are large, nearly round, and the leaf margin is rolled up; The upper surface is smooth and the lower surface has no fluff; 3-5-lobed, middle or shallow on upper side, open, V-shaped at base. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are medium or large, with an average weight of 210-360 g-360 g, rectangular or conical with shoulders, and medium density. The fruit is of medium size, with an average single fruit weight of1.4-1.8g, oval, yellow-green; The skin is very thin. The meat is crisp, with little juice, and the soluble solid content is 2 1%-24%. The acid content is 0.4%-0.8%, the taste is sweet and sour, the drying rate is 23%-25%, and there is no seed. The fruit branch rate is 36%-47%, with an average of 1.2 ear per fruit branch. The fruit takes about 140 days from germination to full maturity, and belongs to a medium-mature variety. This tree is very strong.
With thin skin, crisp meat, seedless and high sugar content, it is a world-famous dried fruit variety, with excellent fresh food quality and is also suitable for canning. But its disease resistance and cold resistance are poor.
2. Premature sperm
Eurasian species, 1960, was bred by crossing seedless white with vineyard queen in Beijing Botanical Garden of China Academy of Sciences.
The leaves are large and oval, and there is no fluff on the upper surface; 5-lobed, deeply incised, open and V-shaped at base; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral straight, petiole hollow narrow arch, base V-shaped. Amphoteric flowers. The spike is large, with an average weight of 245-330 g, conical, with a few secondary spikes and medium density. The fruit is medium-sized, with an average weight of 2. 1-2.6g, oval, yellow-green, amber and slightly red when fully ripe; The skin is very thin. The meat is crisp, seedless and juicy. The fruit ripens from late August to early September, and it takes about 1 10 days from germination to full maturity. It is a very early-maturing variety. This tree is very strong.
This variety is an excellent variety that is eaten fresh, dried and canned.
3. Seedless purple
(Monoka, Hermonka)
Eurasian species, also known as seedless black, seedless red and seedless red dew, are native to Iran and Central Asia of the former Soviet Union.
The leaves are large and nearly round, and the base of the main vein often has a wheel-shaped protrusion, and the lower surface is smooth and hairless; 5-crack, upper crack is deep or medium, open or closed, and the base is V-shaped; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral convex; Petiole depression is completely closed, or closed into a crack. Amphoteric flowers. The ear is large, with an average weight of 400-470 g, conical and medium density. The fruit is medium-sized, with an average weight of 2.5—2.8g, oval and purple-black; Thin skin, crisp meat, juicy, soluble solids content of 20%-22%, acid content of 0.5%, sweet and sour, seedless. It is an early-maturing variety. This tree is very strong.
This variety has high yield and strong adaptability, and is an excellent early-maturing fresh food.
4. Kangke
(Concord)
American species. 1849 was selected from American grape seedlings.
The tip is crimson with dense fluff. Young leaves have red hairs on the upper surface and dense hairs on the lower surface. Leaves are large, round or oblate. The upper surface is rough with bubble-like protrusions, and the lower surface is densely covered with fluff; 3-lobed or entire, lobed, spreading, and V-shaped at base; Leaf margin sawtooth bilateral convex; The petiole is arched and the base is U-shaped. Tendril continuity. Amphoteric flowers. Ears are medium and large, weighing 200-220 g, and shoulders are conical, medium or tight. The fruit is medium-sized, with an average weight of about 3 grams, nearly round and purplish red; Thick skin, soft meat, juicy, with a flesh sac. The juice is red and sour, with a strong American flavor. Each fruit has two seeds, which are not easy to separate from the pulp. This is a medium-mature variety.
Cold-resistant, moisture-resistant, disease-resistant and adaptable, it is a world-famous juice-making variety.
5. Kangzao
(Campbell Early)
American species, also known as Kangbaier Zaosheng, originated in the United States.