First of all, establish the concept of scientific and technological innovation oriented to circular economy.
Cultural values are the deepest part of the social environment system of scientific and technological innovation, which restricts the effectiveness of scientific and technological innovation to a great extent. In order to make the concept culture of circular economy become the fundamental aspect of people's behavior, we must first change our own concept of scientific and technological innovation. The concept of development in the era of industrial civilization is the concept of "growth first", which simply understands development as simple economic growth and unilaterally attributes economic growth to the growth process of material wealth. Under the guidance of this concept of development, scientific and technological innovation only pursues the maximization of economic profits, ignoring the social and ecological benefits in the process of scientific and technological innovation, resulting in predatory exploitation and huge waste of resources, seriously destroying the ecological balance, weakening the foundation of social development, and also making scientific and technological innovation lose the ecological foundation of sustainable development, resulting in the traditional scientific and technological innovation can no longer meet the needs of sustainable development and transformation to circular economy mode.
If scientific and technological innovation is to continue to be the driving force of economic and social development, it is necessary to incorporate social ecological benefits and economic benefits into the target system of scientific and technological innovation, establish the concept of scientific and technological innovation, minimize the damage to the environment caused by the application of technology, use resources in a sustainable way, make the utilization of resources not exceed the development speed of its substitute resources, reduce pollution and make pollution emissions not exceed the self-purification of natural systems, and recycle wastes in a scientific and reasonable way and make them harmless. Make scientific and technological innovation meet the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, create high-quality products and services with less resource input and lower cost, and concretize the idea of circular economy.
Second, strengthen the government's service function and create an institutional environment for scientific and technological innovation.
The government is not only the maker of the rules of scientific and technological innovation activities, but also the direct participant in scientific and technological innovation activities. The government should focus on macro-control, creating environment and providing services, rather than directly organizing and intervening in scientific and technological innovation, so as to provide institutional guarantee for scientific and technological innovation. Specific measures include: formulating industrial policies to support high-tech industries and high-tech innovation, formulating policies to encourage high-tech talents to start businesses, formulating government procurement policies to support independent innovation, formulating fiscal and taxation policies to encourage scientific and technological innovation, and improving scientific and technological investment policies; Strengthen the law enforcement and supervision of intellectual property rights and other laws and policies, and establish a scientific and technological innovation value evaluation system and a socialized technical service system. In addition, the government should also concentrate limited funds and main forces to break through key technologies and play a guiding role in the development direction of science and technology for enterprises.
On this basis, the policy-oriented focus of scientific and technological innovation will shift to providing comprehensive technical support for circular economy. Because the fundamental purpose of scientific and technological development and innovation is to serve economic and social development. In the past, the policy orientation of Qinghai's scientific and technological development was inevitable and reasonable, but at that time, a clear concept of circular economy was not formed, and scientific and technological innovation did not reflect the development needs of circular economy. When the government has clearly regarded circular economy as the economic development model that Qinghai will strive to achieve in the future, the focus and policy orientation of scientific and technological innovation should also change accordingly.
Third, according to the technical characteristics of circular economy, carry out systematic scientific and technological innovation.
The first is to expand the field of product innovation oriented to circular economy. The important goal of product innovation is to provide new use value, new utility and function for the ever-changing social demand and market demand, so as to expand and explore new markets and increase new sources of product sales and profits. The development of circular economy is pushing human civilization to a new stage of transformation. At the same time, this transformation will also transform the original industrial structure, shape new consumption concepts and markets, and provide new development areas for enterprise product innovation. Enterprises should seize the opportunity brought by the development of circular economy and develop new products in the fields of biology, materials, information, leisure, medical care and so on. Develop all kinds of products that can save raw materials and energy, use less expensive and scarce resources, and do not harm human health and ecological environment during and after use; Develop products that are easy to recycle, reuse and regenerate. Product design should follow the requirements of circular economy in order to obtain economic, social and ecological benefits and serve human goals; It is necessary to design miniaturized and lightweight products; Try to use non-toxic materials and recyclable materials; Reduce the types and amount of materials used in products. Product design should follow the requirements of circular economy in order to obtain economic, social and ecological benefits and serve human goals; It is necessary to design miniaturized and lightweight products; Try to use non-toxic materials and recyclable materials; Reduce the types and amount of materials used in products. After the products are put on the market, enterprises should establish good relations with consumers, understand consumers' cognition of green products and green consumption, get a lot of feedback information, and improve products according to the requirements of circular economy. Maximize products and services on the same or less material basis, or minimize material and energy input when obtaining the same product and service functions.
Second, improve the level of technological innovation oriented to circular economy. Eco-technological innovation that meets the requirements of circular economy development can not only effectively reduce the generation and discharge of wastes and pollutants, reduce the threat of industrial activities to the environment, but also reduce the utilization cost and material consumption of resources, so that products have strong market competitiveness in quality and cost. The main characteristics of eco-technology innovation are: First, the existing resources are used scientifically, reasonably, comprehensively and efficiently to delay the resource crisis. Any high-tech that is not conducive to social and ecological benefits cannot be regarded as new technology, and it is not allowed to enter the production field. The second is to use new technologies to develop rich and unused natural resources to replace the scarce resources that have been exhausted and will be exhausted. It is necessary to strengthen the research, development and application of new technologies beneficial to society and ecology. The third is to adopt new technology to change the terminal treatment of pollution into the whole treatment, reduce the cost of enterprises, improve economic benefits, and obtain social and ecological benefits at the same time. Only by implementing systematic technological innovation in related fields can we really adapt to the requirements of circular economy.
Four, the establishment of enterprise science and technology innovation alliance oriented to circular economy
The core connotation of circular economy is the recycling of resources. The recycling of resources refers to: rational development of natural resources; In the process of production and processing, energy raw materials are processed into environment-friendly products through advanced technology as far as possible, and are reused locally (continuously); Reasonable consumption of final products in the process of circulation and consumption; Finally, return to the recycling of resources in the production and processing process-realize the repeated circulation of the above links.
This process of repeated recycling of resources cannot be completed by a single enterprise or industry, and a complete ecological industrial chain needs to be established. For the scientific and technological innovation of enterprises that want four effects in one, individual combat is undoubtedly not suitable for the requirements of circular economy. Each enterprise should build a scientific and technological innovation platform according to its own capital, talents, technology, products and other characteristics, and establish an alliance with the innovation platforms of other enterprises to carry out scientific and technological innovation activities oriented to circular economy. For example, if an enterprise has scientific and technological innovations in the treatment of waste gas, waste water and other wastes, it can make the achievements enjoyed by other enterprises and make waste gas become raw materials or energy for other enterprises, while the scientific and technological innovations of other enterprises to improve the utilization rate of materials and energy will provide other enterprises with lower costs. Such interlocking and recycling can not only create economic, social and ecological benefits through scientific and technological innovation alliances, but also promote local sustainable development and recycling.
The development of circular economy puts forward the requirement of alliance for enterprises, and also provides more opportunities for enterprises to become a part of industrial ecological chain and even social ecological chain. In the era of circular economy, if enterprises leave this ecological chain, they will lose the opportunities of resource sharing, risk sharing, complementary advantages and common development, which will inevitably weaken their sustainable development ability. Therefore, it is inevitable and wise for enterprises to form technological innovation alliances.
Five, the establishment of scientific and technological innovation support system, break through the technical bottleneck of circular economy development.
Strengthen technology development, establish an effective scientific and technological innovation mechanism, break through the technical bottleneck that restricts resource conservation and the development of circular economy, and promote technological progress of circular economy. Based on the development of high technology, we will focus on the development and demonstration of energy cascade utilization technology, industrial chain extension and related industry linkage technology, "zero emission" technology, toxic and harmful raw material substitution technology, recycling technology and green remanufacturing technology. Continuously improve the output level of unit resource consumption, vigorously promote advanced and applicable technologies such as energy saving, water saving and comprehensive utilization of resources to promote the development of circular economy, and realize the transformation of resource consumption from high growth to low growth and then to zero growth as soon as possible. In addition, we should vigorously carry out international scientific and technological cooperation and actively introduce, digest and absorb foreign advanced circular economy technology and management means. To speed up the popularization of advanced and applicable technologies, we should not only do a good job in demonstration projects, but also do a good job in screening, information dissemination and technical services of popularized technologies, so that demonstration technologies can be popularized and truly play a role in promoting the development of circular economy.