Keywords: TV children's development impact
The negative influence of watching TV too much on children's development
Since the reform and opening up, with the continuous development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, television has gradually entered thousands of households and become the main medium for people to obtain social information. The fast-paced social life and population control in China have brought about a unique phenomenon of "nuclear family"-parents are busy making a living, children lack playmates, and television gradually replaces parents and playmates and becomes the main companion of children. 1992 A survey showed [1] that the average time for urban preschool children to watch TV every day was 1.43 hours, and 72.4% of them watched TV every day. According to CCTV, there are more than 400 million TV sets in China, and most primary and middle school students watch TV for about 18 hours per week on average. Among their favorite activities, watching TV ranks second. TV is their best companion in their spare time and the main channel for obtaining information. [2] The popularity of TV enriches children's lives and broadens their horizons, but watching too much TV has many negative effects on children's physical development, psychological development, learning and social interaction.
First of all, the impact on the body.
Decreased vision
Watching TV belongs to the overall cognition of the picture, and TV pictures often focus people's eyes in one direction. When watching TV, people's eyes are generally in a static state, which is quite unfavorable for children's vision development. Preschool children are the period when the eyes form fixed refraction, the anterior and posterior diameter of the eyeball is short, the lens is not yet mature, and the ciliary muscle is very delicate. Watching TV for a long time reduces the opportunity to practice eye movements, resulting in decreased vision [3]. The gradual increase of myopia and pseudomyopia among primary and secondary school students is closely related to watching too much TV.
(2) obesity
Watching TV is a sub-state of passive rest, which consumes far less energy than participating in outdoor activities [4]. Children sit in front of the TV for a long time, lack outdoor activities, reduce energy consumption, and TV advertisements can often promote appetite. Children often eat a lot of snacks while watching TV, which leads to excess calories and obesity.
(c) It affects brain development and induces convulsions.
Television spreads information with high-density video and audio output, and at the same time, it can make people's brains extremely excited with strong changing light. However, this high-intensity stimulation may damage children's rapidly developing brains. [5] The human brain is like a complex circuit system. When its stimulus load is too heavy, it will also "short circuit". [6] This is especially true for children's fragile nervous system. Some children's physiological structures are underdeveloped, and their tolerance to external stimuli is poor. Especially once they are stimulated by strong light and high-frequency audio-visual, the cerebral cortex will generate strong excitement. After the excitement spreads, it will cause sports excitement, which is manifested as limb or even whole body twitching, causing brain dysfunction [7]. At the same time, microwave radiation generated by TV may often lead to central nervous system dysfunction such as headache and dizziness [8].
(4) Others
Some children are used to eating while watching TV, which easily reduces the digestive function of children's stomach and leads to a decline in their health. At the same time, sitting in front of the TV for a long time may deform children's bones and make their spine and chest develop abnormally. Cathode line and radiation produced by TV can penetrate even human tissues, which is easy to cause TIC disorder, anemia and leukemia.
Second, the impact on psychological development.
(A) it is difficult to concentrate
One of the characteristics of TV is to make time into emotional fragments, and to present information through a large number of short fragments, rapid movements, camera switching, fading in and out, etc. It is difficult for children to quickly change from one state to another related to it and complete this constant adaptation [9]. On the contrary, this rapid change destroys children's concentration, so that they are submerged in a lot of information and have no time to process and think, let alone integrate information. Over time, the brain becomes numb, children's attention ability declines, thinking is difficult to concentrate, and they become mentally lazy and lack patience and willpower.
(B) limited thinking ability
The process of reading words needs our full thinking and imagination. But TV is different from words. It presents information with clear, intuitive, vivid and vivid sounds and images, which makes children easy to see the results, ignore the problems, give up thinking and ask about the nature of things, make them accustomed to "seeing" but unwilling or have no time to "think", and replace rationality with sensibility, which leads to a decline in thinking ability. [10] At the same time, vivid pictures can't provide enough imagination space for children like words, which limits their thinking ability.
(3) Lack of imagination
Watching TV takes up most of children's activity time, while reducing children's time to watch pictures, albums, books and games. However, these activities are very important for the development of children's creativity and imagination. When reading, children need to imagine the scene described in words through their own efforts. In this process, their creativity and imagination are cultivated invisibly. When playing games, children find solutions to problems through constant practice, and their creativity has also been developed. However, TV puts ready-made scenes in front of children. They don't have to bother to imagine or create, but accept it directly. Their creativity and imagination are naturally affected, leading to the lack of imagination over time.
(d) Active reduction
Television is a one-way stimulus for children. It doesn't need children to respond to it. Children only passively accept information. In the face of intuitive and vivid TV pictures, children are just busy accepting and lack direct and active experience and feelings. Over time, it is easy for children to passively and blindly accept information, weaken self-efforts, form the habit of passive acceptance, lack active thinking, and then lead to lack of initiative in life.
(5) Causing mental fatigue and psychological instability.
Television is a kaleidoscope of intense changes in light and sound, which can produce extreme excitement in the brain. Watching it for a long time can also cause "anesthesia" and alpha waves in the brain [1 1]. As we know, alpha wave is produced when people's eyes are dull, distracted and tired. The light pressure and sound stimulation produced by TV make the child's brain unable to load, so he "shuts down" his own system to protect himself. This "shutdown" is actually a suppression of brain nerve activity, which eventually leads to brain fatigue. At the same time, long-term inhibition prevents them from releasing too much energy, which leads to poor self-control in life and study and psychological instability.
Third, study.
Physical and psychological aspects are affected, which will inevitably affect learning, mainly in the following two aspects:
(A) lead to dyslexia
As I said before, watching TV is graphic reading, which belongs to overall cognition. After the eyeball stopped moving, it hardly moved. When reading words, the eyes scan word by word at a constant speed, and the six muscles around the eyeball can cooperate. From left to right, from top to bottom, the eyes are constantly moving. Watching TV for a long time will lead to the decline of the coordinated movement ability of the six muscles around the eyeball, and then there will be word-breaking, sentence-breaking, repetition, word addition, word swallowing, line skipping and crosstalk during reading, that is, dyslexia [12].
At the same time, watching TV too much will also lead to a decline in reading ability. When watching TV, children receive intuitive images without much psychological effort. However, when reading, children need to analyze words, words, sentences, articles and their structures and meanings, which requires a lot of psychological efforts. Watching TV too much will make children mentally lazy, lack patience and willpower, form impulsive thinking mode and unsustainable attention span, reduce the enthusiasm and creativity of thinking, and lead to difficulties in reading and understanding written language [13].
(B) affect intelligence, affect learning
When watching TV, image stimulation is the main thing, which easily leads to the excitement of the right brain and the relative inhibition of the left brain. Watching TV too much makes the right hemisphere (processing visual information) tired, while the function of the left hemisphere (language and abstract thinking) becomes dull because there is no chance to combine thinking and feeling into words [14]. This will affect the development of children's language and logical abstract thinking, and then there will be problems in learning, leading to a decline in academic performance.
Fourth, social interaction.
(A) affect the parent-child relationship
If children watch TV too much, the time spent communicating with their parents will inevitably decrease. Moreover, many families have more than one TV set, and parents and children watch different TV programs, resulting in a new kind of isolation, which leads to the weakening of feelings between parents and children and the weakening of parent-child relationship. At the same time, TV provides children with all kinds of knowledge, from which they get a lot of knowledge that they should not get for the time being. Children are too "precocious", which greatly impacts parents' authoritative image [15], weakens parents' influence on their children, and is indifferent to family values. This can be seen from the phenomenon of some "single aristocrats" and "Dink families" in modern society.
(B) lead to social interaction and personality problems.
As we know, the important content of childhood socialization is to learn the rules of social interaction, which is gradually learned in the interaction with peers. Watching too much TV will naturally reduce communication with peers and reduce the study and training of social interaction. When the child's communication experience decreases, he is afraid of communication, and as a result, he relies more and more on TV to meet his psychological needs, and more and more on communication with TV. Because when watching TV, he is relaxed, satisfied, full and has no sense of crisis. He thinks he is strong and can dominate himself. [16] After leaving TV, they will be at a loss in real life, become timid and withdrawn, and have a strong sense of crisis and fear.
At the same time, TV has opened the adult world to children, leading to the abnormal development of children's socialization. Neil Pizman wrote in the book, "The external form and symbolic form of TV make it unnecessary and actually impossible to distinguish the audience." [17] This lets children know many secrets they shouldn't know. They get this information without enough "self-cultivation" and "self-control", which is very unfavorable to the formation of their healthy personality and the development of their personality.
(C) produce wrong moral concepts and behaviors
Bandura's social learning theory holds that human beings learn behavior by actually observing others or the environment, and imitation plays a key role in it. Watching TV too much, children will naturally imitate some behaviors on TV, which inevitably contain some wrong moral concepts and behaviors. For example, some entertainment programs often like to pry into the private lives of stars. Children who are not surprised may do things that don't respect the privacy of others. For another example, TV is often filled with some violent scenes, which have a subtle influence on children's behavior; For another example, some idol dramas try their best to create romantic plots and outline luxurious life, which is easy to induce children's behavior habits of seeking pleasure, being tireless and unwilling to work hard.
To sum up, TV, as the main medium of information transmission today, can broaden children's horizons and enrich their lives. However, watching too much TV will not only have a negative impact on children's physiology and psychology, but also be very unfavorable to children's learning and socialization. Therefore, children should strictly control the time of watching TV and guide correctly to prevent the adverse consequences brought by TV. Therefore, children should not watch TV for more than 45 minutes every day, that is, one class.
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