Relevant people believe that the introduction of the self-employment certificate to support college students to realize their entrepreneurial ideals is itself a policy move. With this certificate, graduates can not only enjoy a series of preferential policies such as employment and re-employment fees for laid-off workers, but also be more convenient in registering enterprises.
Reporter: "Being an entrepreneur without applying for a job" is becoming a new dream and pursuit for some graduates of Liaoning University. The province has issued a series of policies to protect students' entrepreneurship. What channels can students get policy support?
Fan Long: The number of college graduates in Liaoning Province has increased by more than 20% for three consecutive years, and in 2005 it increased by 30% compared with 2004. Facing the pressure of employment, Liaoning Province actively carried out in-depth research to support college students' self-employment and flexible employment, and gradually improved supporting reform measures. In 2003, the Liaoning provincial government issued the Notice on Several Policies to Promote the Employment of College Graduates, and in 2004, it issued the Supplementary Notice, which introduced 70 policy measures, including more than 30 specific policies concerning college students' self-employment. A prominent feature is that college students who start their own businesses can enjoy household registration management, tax reduction, loan guarantee, social security and other policies with the self-employment certificate as the carrier.
The practice of "self-employment certificate" is also an innovation in the whole country. There is no precedent in the field of college students' employment guidance, so we learn from the "laid-off reemployment certificate" Our province is a pilot province of the national laid-off and reemployment labor security system, which has accumulated rich experience and provided great enlightenment for implementing the policy of supporting college students' entrepreneurship.
Reporter: How about the issuance of self-employed certificates? Why is it so influential?
Fan Long: According to statistics, more than 3,000 people in the province have obtained self-employment certificates, including more than 300 people in Shenyang. The scope basically covers all regions of the province, and the number of individual cities is small, which is related to the entrepreneurial environment and project selection. In March this year, in Hei Hu Jiao Sub-district Office, eight graduates not only got certificates, but also started their own businesses. The Self-employment Certificate can be said to be a passport, a good starting point and a platform. After getting the certificate, college students can get support from various departments. Although the exemption is several hundred yuan and one thousand yuan, it is already a problem that students are very concerned about.
"Thank you teacher, this card is great! It is so helpful to us! " There are often college students who sincerely express their gratitude. In fact, after this policy came out, we gradually found that the work of the provincial graduate employment center is also changing: it used to be a management function, but now it is a service function. We serve not only graduates, but also entrepreneurs. It is the new demands of customers that urge us to form new ideas and establish a new image.
Reporter: In the process of policy implementation, what do you think is the main difficulty that restricts the development of college students' entrepreneurship?
Fan Long: Microfinance is a major difficulty in the process of policy implementation. It is not only a difficulty for college students to start their own businesses, but also a problem encountered by laid-off and unemployed people throughout the country in the process of starting their own businesses. According to the policy, the amount of small loans that college students can get for starting a business is 20,000 yuan. This year, Shenyang increased its efforts, and it was determined to be 50,000 to 200,000 yuan.
One problem is the guarantee of the bank. In terms of banks, the workload of doing a loan business of 20,000 yuan is the same as that of doing a loan business of 2 million yuan. So they are willing to accept a relatively large amount of business. The problem of non-performing loans in banks has increased, and the problem of not repaying loans in time has brought troubles to banks. Then there is the problem of loan guarantee, some require parents' real estate, and some require parents' units to prove it; However, the business license is universal in the province, and many students will choose some developed cities if they want to start a business. They came to the big city alone, with no real estate, no parents' unit, and probably not many friends. How to solve this situation? Who will vouch for him? All, some problems still need us to continue to coordinate our work.
Reporter: What do you think are the characteristics of college students' entrepreneurship compared with others'?
Fan Long: According to statistics, at present, college students' entrepreneurship involves a wide range of industries, including service industry, manufacturing industry, light industry, education industry and network. However, due to capital investment, there are fewer high-tech companies. Laid-off workers' entrepreneurship belongs to the survival type, such as breakfast and service. College students are quick in knowledge, flexible in mind, daring to think and do, good at grasping opportunities, and opportunistic. They mainly rely on their own interests and specialties, and have more intellectual input in new ventures.
Entrepreneurship tests people far beyond people's imagination and often encounters some unexpected situations. In order to solve this problem, we should cultivate college students who have started their own businesses and are ready to start their own businesses. Guide college students to establish the concept of self-employment, post entrepreneurship and hard work, and provide theoretical guidance and business training for college students.
Strategy link
Policies escort college students' entrepreneurship.
Self-employment certificate is a powerful measure to support college students' entrepreneurship in Liaoning Province, which was implemented in 2003. On June 6th, 2004, the Liaoning provincial government further clarified that financial departments at all levels should lower the threshold, simplify the relevant procedures for college graduates to apply for starting a business and start a small loan guarantee, and the use of science and technology funds in Liaoning province should support and encourage college graduates to start a business.
Scope of enjoyment
The Certificate of Self-employment for College Graduates in Liaoning Province is issued to college graduates who are employed in Liaoning Province. But it does not include non-ordinary college graduates; Graduates and dropouts from ordinary institutions of higher learning; Graduates who have been admitted to graduate schools and upgraded from junior colleges; Other graduates who are not qualified for dispatch.
Registered enterprises enjoy preferential treatment.
If college graduates bid for individual industrial and commercial households or private enterprises with the Graduation Certificate and Self-employment Certificate issued and recognized by the education administrative department and the personnel management department, the industrial and commercial departments should give priority to their registration, give priority to photos and simplify the registration procedures. Apply for small private enterprises, the implementation of the probation system. Among them, those engaged in enterprise management will have a probation period of one year; Engaged in production, science and technology, the probation period is two years. During the probation period, a business license shall be issued and the term of operation shall be indicated, and registration fee, change fee and annual inspection fee shall be exempted.
Tax reduction and exemption policy
Enterprises or institutions engaged in consulting (including scientific research, accounting, auditing, taxation, etc.). ), the information industry and technical service industry newly established by college graduates with university diplomas and self-employment certificates are exempted from enterprise income tax from the first year to the second year with the approval of the competent tax authorities.
Newly established independent accounting enterprises or business units engaged in the transportation industry shall be exempted from enterprise income tax in the first year and levied enterprise income tax by half in the second year with the approval of the competent tax authorities.
Newly established enterprises or business units with independent accounting for public utilities, commerce, materials, foreign trade, tourism, warehousing, residents' service, catering, education and culture, and health services may reduce or exempt enterprise income tax 1 year with the approval of the competent tax authorities.
Enterprises newly established in "old, young, marginal and poor" areas designated by the state shall be exempted from enterprise income tax within 3 years with the approval of the competent tax authorities.
But the situation in different provinces and cities is different. It's best to see official website in various provinces and cities first.
References:
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Preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship
The complete handbook policy for college students' entrepreneurship pays attention to the preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship. In recent years, in order to support college students' entrepreneurship, governments at all levels have introduced many preferential policies, involving financing, business opening, taxation, entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship guidance and many other aspects. For college students who plan to start a business, only by understanding these policies can they take the first step in starting a business. According to the relevant regulations of the state and the Shanghai Municipal Government, the fresh college graduates in Shanghai can enjoy four preferential policies, including free risk assessment, free policy training, free loan guarantee and partial tax relief, including:
■ College graduates (including junior college students, undergraduates and graduate students) who are engaged in self-employment shall be exempted from self-employment registration fee, self-employment management fee and demonstration text cost of economic contract within 1 year from the date of approval of operation. In addition, if you start an informal enterprise, you only need to register in the street of your district and county, and you can be tax-free for 3 years.
■ College students who start their own businesses can apply for a loan guarantee of up to 70,000 yuan from the bank and enjoy a loan discount.
■ Shanghai has set up a special entrepreneurship education and training center for recent college graduates to provide free project risk assessment and guidance for college students to help them better grasp market opportunities.
Necessary hardware for college students' entrepreneurship
Expert analysis
The necessary hardware for college students to start a business are:
College students are enthusiastic about starting a business, but the success rate of starting a business is obviously low due to lack of experience, ability and consciousness deviation. In this regard, Xu Benliang, a college student entrepreneurship guidance expert and president of Shanghai Entrepreneurship Education and Training Center, believes that college students must have the following hardware to start a business:
Hardware 1: experience
University growth expectation On campus, lack of understanding of society, especially in market development and enterprise operation, it is easy to fall into the misunderstanding of arrogance and empty-handed. Therefore, college students should be fully prepared before starting a business. On the one hand, they should work or practice in enterprises and accumulate relevant management and marketing experience. On the other hand, actively participate in entrepreneurship training, accumulate entrepreneurial knowledge, receive professional guidance, and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
Hardware II: Funds
According to a survey, 40% of college students think that "capital is the biggest difficulty in starting a business". Indeed, no matter how clever a woman is, she will not cook without rice. Without funds, even the best ideas can't be transformed into real productivity. Therefore, capital is a mountain for college students to climb when starting a business. College students should explore new ideas and raise funds through multiple channels. In addition to traditional channels such as bank loans, self-raised funds and private loans, we can also make full use of financing channels such as venture capital, angel investment and venture capital.
Hardware III: Technology
Exchanging intelligence for capital is a characteristic way for college students to start their own businesses. Some venture capitalists are often willing to fund their business plans just because they take a fancy to the advanced technology mastered by college students. Therefore, college students who intend to start businesses in high-tech fields must attach importance to technological innovation, develop products with their own independent intellectual property rights and attract investors.
Hardware IV: Ability
Because of long-term exam-oriented education, college students are unfamiliar with the "rules of the game" and have outstanding skills, and their abilities in financial management, marketing, communication and management are generally insufficient. To succeed in starting a business, entrepreneurs must attach importance to both technology and management. It is suggested that you can start with partnership, family business or low-cost virtual shop to exercise your entrepreneurial ability.
Four Directions of College Students' Entrepreneurship
Although there are unlimited business opportunities in the current entrepreneurial market, it is not "peanut duran" for college entrepreneurs with limited capital, ability and experience. In this case, college students can only find a "foothold" according to their own characteristics in order to find a new world that really suits them.
Direction 1: high-tech field
College students who are at the forefront of high technology have the advantage of getting the moon first in this field. The success of college students' entrepreneurial enterprises such as "Easy Ark" and "Shimeile" benefits from the technological advantages of entrepreneurs. However, not all college students are suitable for starting businesses in high-tech fields. Generally speaking, college students with profound technical skills and excellent academic performance can be sure to win. College students who are interested in starting a business in this field can actively participate in various entrepreneurial competitions, get the opportunity to stand out and attract venture capital.
Recommended business opportunities: software development, webpage production, network service, mobile game development, etc.
Direction 2: the field of intellectual services
Intelligence is the capital for college students to start a business, and college students can start a business in the field of intellectual services with peace of mind. For example, in the field of family education, it is very suitable for college students to start businesses. On the one hand, it is the traditional channel for college students to work and study, and has accumulated rich experience; On the other hand, college students can make full use of the educational resources of colleges and universities, and it is easier to earn the "first bucket of gold". This kind of intellectual service entrepreneurship project has low cost, and a desk can be opened with a phone.
Recommended business opportunities: tutor, tutor intermediary, design studio, translation firm, etc.
Direction 3: Join the chain field.
Statistics show that in the same business field, the success rate of individual entrepreneurship is less than 20%, while those who devote themselves to entrepreneurship are as high as 80%. For college students with limited entrepreneurial resources, with the help of the brand, technology, marketing and equipment advantages of franchise chains, they can start businesses with less investment and lower threshold. However, franchise chain is not "zero risk". In the mixed market, college students are inexperienced, so they should pay more attention to avoiding risks when choosing joining projects. Generally speaking, college entrepreneurs have weak financial strength and are suitable for joining projects with low start-up capital and low staffing requirements, and it is appropriate to start with small business; In addition, it is best to choose a mature brand that has been operating for more than 5 years and has more than 10 franchise stores.
Recommended business opportunities: fast food industry, domestic service, small supermarket on campus, digital express printing station, etc.
Direction 4: Open a shop.
On the one hand, college students can make full use of college student customer resources; On the other hand, it is easier to get started because you are familiar with the consumption habits of your peers. It is precisely because of taking the "student route" that we should rely on cheap and good quality to attract customers. In addition, due to the limited funds of college students, it is impossible to choose to open a store in a prosperous area, so the promotion work is particularly important, and it is necessary to often post advertisements on campus or organize activities with associations to be widely known.
Recommended business opportunities: restaurants, cafes, hair salons, stationery stores, bookstores, etc. In or near the university.
College students' entrepreneurship avoids three minefields.
It has been three years since Wu Minghua, the founder of Entrepreneurship Home website, started his business in Shanghai after graduating from university. During this period, Wu Minghua experienced the ups and downs of entrepreneurship, contacted various college entrepreneurs, and had a deep feeling and understanding of college students' entrepreneurship. As an "experienced person", he reminded college entrepreneurs to avoid the following minefields:
Minefield 1: The myth that Bill Gates has an eye for pearls makes IT industry and high-tech industry become entrepreneurial gold mines in the eyes of college students, so that many students disdain to engage in service industry or low-tech industries. In fact, high-tech entrepreneurial projects often need a lot of start-up funds, and the risk and pressure of starting a business are very great. If college students lack understanding of their own experiences and abilities and expect too much from starting a business, they will have a high starting point and be prone to failure. Therefore, college students might as well relax their mentality, get a deeper understanding of the market and themselves, and then start from an early age, proceed from reality, and take the second step after the first step is stable.
Minefield 2: On paper
Lack of experience is a common problem in college students' entrepreneurship at present. Many college entrepreneurs are not used to doing market research on their products or projects, but make idealized inferences, such as: "If there are 300 million people who need our products, and each piece costs 100 yuan, we will have a sales market of 30 billion yuan", which is untenable and often misleading. College students must do a good job in market research in the early stage of starting a business, and some feasibility studies can also be entrusted to professional institutions. Only by understanding the market can they start a business for a long time.
Minefield 3: Fighting alone
Today, with the emphasis on teamwork, the chances for entrepreneurs to succeed on their own are greatly reduced. Team spirit has become an indispensable entrepreneurial quality, and venture capitalists pay more attention to entrepreneurial teams with cooperative ability when investing. Nowadays, college students generally have personality and strong self-confidence. Entrepreneurship is often self-righteous and willful, which affects the success rate of entrepreneurship. Therefore, for college students who plan to start a business, it is easier to accumulate entrepreneurial strength by joining forces and learning from each other's strengths than by themselves.
Suggestions and process of college students' entrepreneurship
Not all passions are catalysts, which can mobilize the comprehensive quality and potential of entrepreneurship for entrepreneurship. But in the face of college students, too much passion is manifested in the determination to start a business and the overly optimistic attitude towards the future of the career. This entrepreneurial mentality is mainly manifested in the fact that the feasibility analysis of entrepreneurial projects is not enough or comprehensive and rigorous, and the entrepreneurial projects are evaluated only from one aspect. Among them, most college entrepreneurs just have an idea, and there is no feasible implementation plan to realize this idea as a guarantee. Because college students basically have no work experience, their decision-making in the preparation period of starting a business is basically based on the knowledge and information that individuals have learned through books and various media. Because college students have not established a personal experience judgment system in their hearts before entering the society to take part in work, they often only stay in theoretical analysis when investigating business opportunities and projects, and can't understand the projects from all aspects. In this case, I think it is better for college students to shout less slogans and face entrepreneurial opportunities and projects with a calm and rational attitude.
Second, I saw the tip of the iceberg.
Entrepreneurship is a systematic project, which requires entrepreneurs to have certain knowledge accumulation in a series of fields such as enterprise positioning, strategic planning, property rights relations, marketing, production organization, team formation, financial system and so on. College students have good projects or ideas, which just represents the "Long March of Entrepreneurship". Among our college entrepreneurs, many people think that a good idea and creativity represents the idea of successful entrepreneurship. However, in the preparation for starting a business, the problems that may be encountered are not fully prepared or no countermeasures and exit mechanism are designed at all, and the negative factors from all sides are completely unknown, which leads to various problems from the beginning, so that entrepreneurs do not go far, that is, they end in failure. Therefore, entrepreneurs are not all-rounders, but they should be all-rounders.
Third, what is the core of the work?
According to the modern enterprise system, companies are profit-oriented organizations. This is the definition of a company, but many people may disagree. They think that modern companies are customer-centric, social value-centric, product quality-centric, and so on. This is a wrong or biased concept, because if an enterprise can make a profit, it shows its value (except for companies that don't obey the law). Therefore, we can say that the core of entrepreneurs' work is to make profits, that is, to increase income and reduce expenditure. This is the highest principle in the work of entrepreneurs, and it is also the basis for the survival and development of an entrepreneurial enterprise. However, I found that in many college students' entrepreneurship, they obviously lacked understanding of the core principles of the company, which led to low efficiency in entrepreneurship. Some entrepreneurs work hard and are really persistent, but the company is in trouble because of the deviation between his work and the company's profits. It can be said that within the legal business scope, "whether you can make money" is the only criterion to measure the work of entrepreneurs.
Fourth, team building and cooperation spirit.
Team spirit-these four words may be the most common and easy to understand management concepts. However, as a specific entrepreneurial group, college students are generally under the age of 25, lacking social and life experience, in an emotional stage of passion, with strong personality and self-confidence. Therefore, in many jobs that embody "interpersonal cooperation", such as team formation, team division of labor, team rules and regulations, etc., college entrepreneurs often appear. Looking at the development trend of today's era, the social division of labor is becoming more and more detailed and specialized, and the possibility that any entrepreneur wants to win alone has dropped very low. In practical work, college students often appear to be self-centered and headstrong, which is not conducive to cooperative entrepreneurship.
Verbs (short for verb) make mistakes and correct them.
A marketing decision error, a small financial crisis or a door-to-door sales failure may become a stumbling block on the road of college students' entrepreneurship, which will hit the college students' entrepreneurs to a certain extent and weaken their psychology. In fact, it is normal for college students to correctly view the problems and troubles encountered in the process of starting a business. As long as we correct our mistakes quickly or refer to other people's opinions and suggestions, we will certainly learn from them. We should be good at analyzing and summarizing the "cost" of making mistakes, and learn to find our own weaknesses and deficiencies from failures and correct them. It's hard to imagine that a startup that doesn't make mistakes will succeed.
Sixth, persistence is victory.
No matter how well prepared you are to start a business, no matter how careful your business plan is, there will inevitably be some problems. No matter how United your business partners are and how thick your funds are, there will inevitably be times when your turnover is not working. All these show that in the rapidly changing business environment, there are too many uncertain factors that can affect our business, and no one can illegally guarantee it. We can choose the right direction at the next intersection, so it is normal to encounter setbacks and failures in the process of starting a business. Maybe sometimes I feel that my future is at a loss, sometimes I feel helpless, and sometimes I feel that starting a business is too hard to continue. But if the dawn comes at midnight, it is not far away, and the dawn of victory is in front of your most difficult moment. Success belongs to persistent people.
Suggested business preparation process:
1, clear thinking and clear positioning: what I am, what I can do and what I want to do.
2. Self-inspection: that is, the business plan of this project is prepared according to the standard business plan, and all the elements of personnel, finance, production and sales of the enterprise are planned.
3. Find someone to criticize: that is, someone who is familiar with the industry you want to do and can keep business secrets for you will demonstrate the feasibility of your plan.
4. Establish teams and partners, and determine cooperation principles.
5. Formulate business plans and implementation plans.
I hope it helps you.