Historical origin
In the past, there were five springs in Yangquan city, which flooded all the year round and nourished one side, so it was called Yangquan, and was later interpreted as Yangquan. Yangquan City has a long history, located in the "Three Jin Dynasties", with dangerous terrain, and has always been a battleground for military strategists. As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, in order to meet the needs of military competition, Zhao Jianzi built a "city of peace" in this city, collected grain and grass, and sent troops to guard it, becoming an important military fortress. In 623 AD, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan once set up a state here, governing Shouyang, Yuxian, Shiai, Leping and other counties. It was promoted to a national organizational system, which was the first time in the history of ancient Yangquan. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny", where he formed the Pingding Army and sent troops to Taiyuan. 1905, Zheng Tai Railway set up a station in Yangquan. With the development of transportation, a number of mining and metallurgical enterprises have been established one after another, making Yangquan Station one of the birthplaces of modern industry in Shanxi. Subsequently, with Yangquan Station as the center, merchants gathered and gradually became a commodity distribution center in eastern Shanxi and connecting Shanxi and Hebei provinces. 1On May 2, 947, Yangquan was liberated and Yangquan City was formally established.
The development of history
In the late Qing Dynasty, today's urban area is still a wasteland. Since the opening of Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan Railway 1903, coal, iron, sulfur and other industries have sprung up. It was not until 1936 that a small market town of more than 30,000 people was formed, which was subordinate to Pingding. 195 1 year changed to the city, directly under the provincial government.
Yangquan industrial and mining area was established in 1949, belonging to Yuci District. 195 1 Yangquan industrial and mining area was changed to Yangquan city, which was directly under the provincial administration. 1958 Yangquan City was placed under the leadership of Jinzhong Special Committee. 196 1, Yangquan was changed to a municipality directly under the central government. 1970 Yangquan city was placed under the leadership of Jinzhong area. 1972, Yangquan was changed from a province directly under the central government to a municipality directly under the central government. (Excerpted from: China people and the evolution of state administrative regions (1949- 1979), edited by Shi)
1969,65438+10 formally established urban areas and suburbs,1970,65438+10 established mining areas. 1July, 983, the system of city governing counties was implemented, and Pingding County and Yuxian County were placed under Yangquan City.
The city has jurisdiction over three districts, namely city, suburb and mine, and two counties, Yuxian and Pingding, 13 town, 44 townships, and 12 sub-district office.
Data of the fifth population census in 2000 (unit: person). According to the administrative division at that time): Yangquan City 1273 126 urban area 164288 mining area 2 17592 suburb 273437 Pingding County 323633 Yuxian County 294 176.
Geographical resources
Yangquan is rich in natural resources. Black (coal), white (bauxite) and yellow (pyrite) are called the "three treasures" of Yangquan. Abundant natural resources provide good conditions for economic development. At present, 52 kinds of mineral resources have been identified, including coal, iron, bauxite, refractory clay, pyrite, limestone, marble and dolomite, among which 32 kinds are of mining value, especially Yangquan's coal, bauxite and pyrite, which are well-known at home and abroad for their large reserves, high grade, shallow burial and easy mining. Yangquan coalfield covers an area of about 1.80 square kilometers and reserves of 1.27 million tons. Excellent coal quality, less ash powder and high carbonization degree, with a calorific value of about 7000 calories per kilogram. Bauxite and refractory clay have billions of tons of reserves, high ore grade, few impurities, compact structure and high refractoriness of 1750 degrees, which have long enjoyed a good reputation in the domestic and foreign markets. Pyrite has a distribution area of 49 square kilometers and a reserve of 2.5 billion tons. It has the characteristics of high sulfur grade, fuel-saving (carbon-containing) processing, high brittleness and non-sticking to the furnace. Building materials resources are all over the city, and together with "black, white and yellow", they have become the four dominant resources of Yangquan. Yangquan is rich in corn, millet, wheat, sorghum and other crops and more than 200 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines. Agricultural and sideline products mainly include walnuts, peppers, honey and frozen rabbit meat. The settled dried cucumber, sand goods and iron goods are well-known at home and abroad. In ancient times, they had the reputation of "offering dried cucumber as a tribute and pleasing the emperor with a dragon casserole".
Famous scenic spot
Yangquan is rich in tourism resources, with beautiful natural scenery and many places of interest. Up to now, there are still ancient city sites built in Zhao Jianzi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Han Xin garrison site in Huaiyin in Han Dynasty, and Niangziguan garrison site of Princess Pingyang in Tang Dynasty. In Dongfushan in the south of Pingding, it is said that Nu Wa built a furnace here to refine stones to make up the sky, so that the stones in Dongfushan were reddish brown as a whole, but they did not sink but floated when put into the water. The stove still exists today, and there is an inscription in Shen Lu's Fushan Kitchen in the Ming Dynasty. The Tibetan Mountain, 60 kilometers north of the city, is said to have been hidden by Zhao orphans of the State of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. There is a legend of a Tibetan cave, where the name of the Tibetan Mountain was derived. In addition, Yangquan also preserves many ancient cultural sites, such as the grottoes in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the cliff stone carvings in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the main hall of the Guandi Temple in the forest rebuilt by the legacy of the Tang Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, and the ancient buildings since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. There are also 193 1 year China * * * armed uprising site, 1940 world-famous "Hundred Regiments War" main battlefield-Lion Mountain site. In addition, there are many ancient temples, stone tablets, ancient pagodas and other cultural relics. Liangjiazhai Hot Springs, Yaolin Temple and Niangziguan Waterfall with medical value, as well as the rare large stalactite caves in the north-Lotus Cave and Wuhua Cave, are unforgettable. Yangquan is also the connection point of Shanxi and Hebei tourist areas, and it is convenient to reach Taiyuan Jinci, Wutai Mountain, a Buddhist holy place, Xibaipo, a revolutionary holy place, the former headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in Zuo Quan, Huangyadong, Cangyan Mountain in Jingxing, Zhengding Buddhist Temple and Grand View Garden.
Yangquan culture has a long history. In ancient times, there was a saying that "the culture of the three Jin Dynasties was fixed" (pacify and settle down), and it was once known as "a famous country in literature" in history. Yangquan emphasized education, advocated learning and advocated culture. According to documents, Guanshan Jingshe was built as early as the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, but Lv Gong Guanshan Academy was famous in Shaanxi and North China as early as the Yuan Dynasty. Ming and Qing Dynasties successively established Mingxian Academy, Gao Cen Academy, Huaiyin Academy and Chongshang Academy. Qiao Yu in Ming Dynasty, Dou Ai and Zhang Mu in Qing Dynasty and Shi Pingmei in modern history are outstanding representatives of Yangquan culture.
city construction
"The soaring wheel welcomes the moon into Yangquan, and the lights shine for half a day. Competing for praise is like going to Xiangdao, and flying is like meeting Taoyuan. " This is a brilliant poem left by Guo Moruo, a great contemporary poet in China, when he stayed in Yangquan in 1965. Now that 30 years have passed, Yangquan has become more elegant and colorful. Taohe River passes through the city, and the wide Taohe Bridge connects the north and south of the city, nanshan park and is built on the mountain. Taohe Park has a beautiful lake. After the transformation of the old city and the development of the new district, the urban roads in Yangquan are clean and wide. The "East-to-West Water Diversion Project" has enabled the daily water supply capacity of Yangquan City to reach 230,000 tons. At that time, Guo Moruo's imagination of "looking back at the precipitous jasper and looking back at Changhong" came true. The coal gasification penetration rate of urban residents exceeds 60%, and the urban central heating area accounts for 46% of the residential area. After the transformation of the old city, three markets, Xinglong, Westward Journey and Four Seasons Spring, have been built in Yangquan City, and a large number of infrastructure facilities, such as Yangquan Department Store, Xinglong Department Store, Yangquan Hotel, Materials Building, Industrial and Commercial Building, Exhibition Hall, Youth Palace, Gymnasium and Yangquan Railway Station, have been built. A large number of amusement places such as colorful music fountains and water world have been built. Today's mountain city is full of tall buildings, tree-lined, wide streets, convenient transportation and perfect infrastructure. As night falls, street lamps, colored lights and neon lights complement each other, and the streets are brightly lit, becoming a veritable city that never sleeps.
Traffic communication
Yangquan is a transportation hub in eastern Shanxi with convenient transportation and developed communication. Shitai Line, the first double-line electrified railway in China, runs through the urban area, starting from Beijing-Guangzhou Line in the east, Pudong Line in the west and Yangyang Line in the south. There are 10 stations in the territory, and 32 branch lines or dedicated lines are issued. Highway traffic has formed a highway network that runs through the east and west, runs through the north and south, has staggered branches, has a reasonable layout and radiates two counties and three districts with the urban area as the center. East to Hebei, west to Taiyuan, south to Changzhi and north to Wutai, extending in all directions. Taijiu Expressway, the first high-grade highway in Shanxi Province, passes through the border and is connected with Beijing-Shenzhen Expressway and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway, which greatly improves the investment environment of Yangquan and is very convenient to enter the east and exit the west. At present, Yangquan city and county have access to asphalt roads, rural roads and motor vehicles in every village. Highway traffic is developing in the direction of wide subgrade, large tonnage and high speed. With the rapid development of post and telecommunications, Yangquan is the first company in Shanxi Province to realize program-controlled networking. By 1994, the total installed number of program-controlled telephones has reached 40,000, realizing domestic and international direct dialing. The rapid popularization of communication facilities such as wireless paging, magnetic card telephone, mobile phone and fax provides very convenient communication conditions for foreign investment.
industrial system
After more than 40 years of construction and development, Yangquan has initially formed an industrial system based on energy, with metallurgy, chemicals, machinery and building materials as the pillars, light industry, textiles, food, electronics and other complete categories. Yangquan is the largest anthracite production base in China, with excellent quality and complete specifications. 70% of the annual output is sold to all parts of the country and Europe, Japan and the United States. Guishigou Coal Mine, with an annual output of 4 million tons of raw coal, is the largest anthracite mine in China, which is "synchronized" with washing and cogeneration. The new well of No.3 Mine of Yangquan Mining Bureau, which is under construction, has an annual output of 9 million tons of raw coal, which will rank first among Asian mines after completion. With the construction of energy base, Yangquan electric power industry has made great progress, and the installed capacity of newly built and rebuilt electric power can reach more than 2 million kilowatts. While consolidating traditional products, metallurgical industry has formed four leading products: steel, pipe making, electrolytic aluminum and refractory. Yangquan Iron and Steel Company is the key ferroalloy enterprise of the Ministry of Metallurgy, and Yangquan Aluminum Company is a large electrolytic aluminum production enterprise in North China, with complete varieties of refractory products, excellent quality and high grade. It is one of the four major refractory bases in China, and its products sell well in Europe, America and Southeast Asian countries. From mining to deep processing, the chemical industry is forming a variety of chemical product chains, such as pyrite, coal chemical, calcium chemical, rubber, gunpowder and so on. Yangquan sulfuric acid is the main supplier in North China and Central Plains.
Commercial circulation
Yangquan is a commodity distribution center in eastern Shanxi. In recent years, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the circulation system with state-owned commerce as the main body and collective and individual commerce as the supplement has gradually formed, and the market system has become increasingly perfect. One of the top ten shopping malls in Shanxi Province, Yangquan Department Store, Yangquan Mining Department Store, Renmin Department Store and Xinglong Department Store are the larger shopping centers in Yangquan City. Wholesale markets for grain, oil, fruits, small commodities and vegetables spread all over the city, which effectively promoted the vigorous development of Yangquan's commerce and the economic prosperity of counties in eastern Shanxi. There are more than 100 large catering service units in Yangquan City, such as elegantly decorated Yangquan Hotel, Yingbin Hotel, Jiang Sha Hotel, Material Hotel, Jianshe Hotel and Wangyuelou Hotel, which have high reception service capacity. In recent years, local and national traditional food and western food have been restored, introduced and developed. The pace of Yangquan's opening to the outside world has been accelerated, and it has successively formed sister cities with Chesfield, England, Warren, new york, China, Zhenjiang, Zibo, Weifang, Deyang and other 15 cities. The establishment of Yangquan Economic and Technological Development Zone, a provincial technological development zone, has provided very convenient conditions for foreign investment. Since 1984, 53 foreign-funded enterprises have been established in Yangquan, and foreign economic and technological cooperation and exchanges have become increasingly active. While expanding the export of traditional products, foreign trade actively develops new products. At present, the export commodities have reached more than 50 varieties in ten categories.
Science, education, culture and health
Education, science, culture, health, sports and other social undertakings have flourished. Education is booming and the quality of teaching is constantly improving. For four consecutive years, the college entrance examination rate ranked first in the province. There are four colleges and five secondary specialized schools. The achievements of the scientific and technological front are gratifying. Since 1986, 85 scientific research and spark technology projects in the city have won awards at or above the provincial level. Cultural undertakings are increasingly prosperous. There are six professional theatrical troupes that hold various cultural activities in urban and rural areas. The mixed coverage rate of radio and television has reached over 80%. The medical level has been greatly improved. There are more than 370 medical institutions in Yangquan, with 59 16 beds. For six consecutive years, it was rated as a patriotic and hygienic red flag city in Shanxi Province. Sports have made rapid progress, with more than 500 stadiums in Yangquan. The newly-built multifunctional Yangquan Gymnasium has also hosted many large-scale competitions at home and abroad.
The coal city has taken on a new look and its development is endless. Under the leadership of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the people of Yangquan will make great achievements and build Yangquan into a more prosperous and beautiful modern city with the spirit of striving for progress and striving for first-class.